Shaping the growth behaviour of biofilms initiated from bacterial aggregates
Open accessAbstract
Bacterial biofilms are usually assumed to originate from individual cells deposited on a surface. However, many biofilm-forming bacteria tend to aggregate in the planktonic phase so that it is possible that many natural and infectious biofilms originate wholly or partially from pre-formed cell aggregates. Here, we use agent-based computer simulations to investigate the role of pre-formed aggregates in biofilm development. Focusing on the initial shape the aggregate forms on the surface, we find that the degree of spreading of an aggregate on a surface can play an important role in determining its eventual fate during biofilm development. Specifically, initially spread aggregates perform better when competition with surrounding unaggregated bacterial cells is low, while initially rounded aggregates perform better when competition with surrounding unaggregated cells is high. These contrasting outcomes are governed by a trade-off between aggregate surface area and height. Our results provide new insight into biofilm formation and development, and reveal new factors that may be at play in the social evolution of biofilm communities.
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The shape of the aggregate is predicted to affect competition: rounded aggregates fare better at higher cell densities, whereas more spread aggregates that maximise surface area have an advantage when competition is low.
“The shape of the aggregate is also predicted to affect competition: rounded aggregates fare better at higher cell densities, whereas more spread aggregates that maximise surface area have an advantage when competition is low [96].”
From Bacterial autoaggregation (2018) · cites this paper as [96]
The Results section ('Competition for nutrient favours rounded aggregates'; page unavailable) reports that spread aggregates produce more progeny without surrounding competitors, partly because of their greater exposed surface area, while rounded aggregates do better as competitor-cell density increases. The Discussion (page unavailable) qualifies the rounded aggregate’s advantage: under strong competition, it emerges only over longer periods of biofilm growth; spread aggregates grow faster initially. The claim omits that time qualification. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLarge spherical aggregates would be favoured only when all bacteria are related.
“Large, spherical aggregates would thus be favoured only in the situation where all the bacteria are related [96].”
From Bacterial autoaggregation (2018) · cites this paper as [96]
The Discussion predicts that rounded aggregates might be favourable when cells within them are closely related. It does not say they are favoured only when all bacteria are related. The Results also find an advantage for rounded aggregates under strong competition without making relatedness a condition. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Flagged first, then by citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
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“Large, spherical aggregates would thus be favoured only in the situation where all the bacteria are related [96].”
BackgroundRole of Multicellular Aggregates in Biofilm Formation
Kragh, K. N., Hutchison, J. B., Melaugh, G., Rodesney, C., Roberts, A. E. L., Irie, Y., Jensen, P. Ø., Diggle, S. P., Allen, R. J., Gordon, V., et al. (2016) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00237-16 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Melaugh, G., Hutchison, J., Kragh, K. N., Irie, Y., Roberts, A., Bjarnsholt, T., Diggle, S. P., Gordon, V. D., & Allen, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Melaugh, Gavin
- Hutchison, Jaime
- Kragh, Kasper Nørskov
- Irie, Yasuhiko
- Roberts, Aled
- Bjarnsholt, Thomas
- Diggle, Stephen P.
- Gordon, Vernita D.
- Allen, Rosalind J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2016-03-02
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e0149683
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4774936
- OpenAlex
- W2230685186
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8
- FWCI
- 5.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2016-04-27)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- The University of Bath Online Publications Store (The University of Bath) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Pure (University of Bath) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Texas Digital Library (University of Texas)
- Funders
- Lundbeckfonden
- Oticon Fonden
- Knud Højgaards Fond
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/J007404, J007404, EP/J007404/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Keywords
- bacterial biofilms, bacterial aggregates, biofilm initiation, aggregate shape, agent-based modeling, aggregate surface area
- MeSH terms
- Bacterial Adhesion, Biological Phenomena, Computer Simulation, Physiological Phenomena, Plankton, Biofilms
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