WNT7A Regulation by miR-15b in Ovarian Cancer
Open accessAbstract
WNT signaling is well known to play an important role in the regulation of development, cell proliferation and cell differentiation in a wide variety of normal and cancerous tissues. Despite the wealth of knowledge concerning when and where various WNT genes are expressed and downstream events under their control, there is surprisingly little published evidence of how they are regulated. We have recently reported that aberrant WNT7A is observed in serous ovarian carcinomas, and WNT7A is the sole ligand accelerating ovarian tumor progression through CTNNB1 (β-catenin)/TCF signaling in the absence of CTNNB1 mutations. In the present study, we report that WNT7A is a direct target of miR-15b in ovarian cancer. We showed that a luciferase reporter containing the putative binding site of miR-15b in the WNT7A 3'-UTR was significantly repressed by miR-15b. Mutation of the putative binding site of miR-15b in the WNT7A 3'-UTR restored luciferase activity. Furthermore, miR-15b was able to repress increased levels of TOPFLASH activity by WNT7A, but not those induced by S33Y. Additionally, miR-15b dose-dependently decreased WNT7A expression. When we evaluated the prognostic impact of WNT7A and miR-15b expression using TCGA datasets, a significant inverse correlation in which high-expression of WNT7A and low-expression of miR-15b was associated with reduced survival rates of ovarian cancer patients. Treatment with decitabine dose-dependently increased miR-15b expression, and silencing of DNMT1 significantly increased miR-15b expression. These results suggest that WNT7A is post-transcriptionally regulated by miR-15b, which could be down-regulated by promoter hypermethylation, potentially via DNMT1, in ovarian cancer.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In glioma cells, MGF upregulates miR-15b, which induces apoptosis by downregulating WNT7A.
“In glioma cells, MGF upregulates miR-15b, which induces apoptosis by downregulating the expression of oncogenic targets such as WNT7A (37,64).”
From Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review) (2026) · cites this paper as [64]
The Results section, “WNT7A is a direct target of miR-15b” (page unavailable), reports that miR-15b decreased WNT7A expression in ovarian cancer cells. The paper does not establish that MGF upregulates miR-15b in glioma cells or that WNT7A downregulation induces apoptosis; those parts of the claim are unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Bartel (2004) · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(04)00045-5 · Cited by 34,714 · see citing works
Predicting effective microRNA target sites in mammalian mRNAs
Agarwal, V., Bell, G. W., Nam, J.-W., & Bartel, D. P. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.05005 · Cited by 7,318 · see citing works
Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Development and Disease
Clevers, H. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.10.018 · Cited by 5,568 · see citing works
Calin, G. A., Dumitru, C. D., Shimizu, M., Bichi, R., Zupo, S., Noch, E., Aldler, H., Rattan, S., Keating, M., Rai, K., et al. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.242606799 · Cited by 4,269 · see citing works
miR-15 and miR-16 induce apoptosis by targeting BCL2
Cimmino, A., Calin, G. A., Fabbri, M., Iorio, M. V., Ferracin, M., Shimizu, M., Wojcik, S. E., Aqeilan, R. I., Zupo, S., Dono, M., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0506654102 · Cited by 3,510 · see citing works
Leva, G. D., Garofalo, M., & Croce, C. M. (2013) · Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev-pathol-012513-104715 · Cited by 1,674 · see citing works
Evaluating cell lines as tumour models by comparison of genomic profiles
Domcke, S., Sinha, R., Levine, D. A., Sander, C., & Schultz, N. D. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3126 · Cited by 1,426 · see citing works
The miR-15a–miR-16-1 cluster controls prostate cancer by targeting multiple oncogenic activities
Bonci, D., Coppola, V., Musumeci, M., Addario, A., Giuffrida, R., Memeo, L., D’Urso, L., Pagliuca, A., Biffoni, M., Labbaye, C., et al. (2008) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.1880 · Cited by 989 · see citing works
Polakis, P. (2012) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a008052 · Cited by 847 · see citing works
miR‐15b and miR‐16 modulate multidrug resistance by targeting BCL2 in human gastric cancer cells
Xia, L., Zhang, D., Du, R., Pan, Y., Zhao, L., Sun, S., Hong, L., Liu, J., & Fan, D. (2008) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.23501 · Cited by 707 · see citing works
Cell cycle deregulation in B-cell lymphomas
Sánchez‐Beato, M., Sánchez‐Aguilera, A., & Piris, M. A. (2003) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2002-07-2009 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Yu, D., Wolf, J. K., Scanlon, M., Price, J. E., & Hung, M. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Sun, L., Yao, Y., Liu, B., Lin, Z., Lin, L., Yang, M., Zhang, W., Chen, W., Pan, C., Liu, Q., et al. (2011) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2011.263 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
MiR-15a and MiR-16 Control Bmi-1 Expression in Ovarian Cancer
Bhattacharya, R., Nicoloso, M. S., Arvizo, R. R., Wang, E., Cortez, A., Rossi, S., Calin, G. A., & Mukherjee, P. (2009) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2552 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Drugging Wnt signalling in cancer
Polakis, P. G. (2012) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/emboj.2012.126 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
MicroRNA regulons in tumor microenvironment
Suzuki, H. I., Katsura, A., Matsuyama, H., & Miyazono, K. (2014) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2014.254 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Satzger, I., Mattern, A., Küttler, U., Weinspach, D., Völker, B., Kapp, A., & Gutzmer, R. (2009) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.24960 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Pekarsky, Y., & Croce, C. M. (2014) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/cdd.2014.87 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
WNT7A Regulates Tumor Growth and Progression in Ovarian Cancer through the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway
Yoshioka, S., King, M. L., Ran, S., Okuda, H., MacLean, J. A., McAsey, M. E., Sugino, N., Brard, L., Watabe, K., & Hayashi, K. (2012) · Molecular Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0177 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citationAn integrated transcriptional regulatory circuit that reinforces the breast cancer stem cell state
Polytarchou, C., Iliopoulos, D., & Struhl, K. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1212811109 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Wnt Genes in the Mouse Uterus: Potential Regulation of Implantation1
Hayashi, K., Erikson, D. W., Tilford, S., Bany, B. M., MacLean, J. A., Rucker, E. B., Johnson, G. A., & Spencer, T. E. (2009) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.108.075416 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Self-citationmiR-15b/16-2 deletion promotes B-cell malignancies
Lovat, F., Fassan, M., Gasparini, P., Rizzotto, L., Cascione, L., Pizzi, M., Vicentini, C., Balatti, V., Palmieri, D., Costinean, S., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1514954112 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
WNT7A/β-catenin signaling induces FGF1 and influences sensitivity to niclosamide in ovarian cancer
King, M., Lindberg, M. E., Stodden, G. R., Okuda, H., Ebers, S., Johnson, A., MONTAG, A. G., Lengyel, E. R., MacLean, J. A., & Hayashi, K. (2014) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2014.277 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationConservation of miR-15a/16-1 and miR-15b/16-2 clusters
Yue, J., & Tigyi, G. (2009) · Mammalian Genome · doi:10.1007/s00335-009-9240-3 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Gu, Y., Yang, P., Shao, Q., Liu, X., Xia, S., Zhang, M., Xu, H., & Shao, Q. (2012) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2012.1057 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Cheng, J.-C., Auersperg, N., & Leung, P. C. K. (2011) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2011.117 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Overexpression of microRNA-16-2 contributes to the abnormal erythropoiesis in polycythemia vera
Guglielmelli, P., Tozzi, L., Bogani, C., Iacobucci, I., Ponziani, V., Martinelli, G., Bosi, A., & Vannucchi, A. M. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2010-09-306506 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Sehgal, V., Seviour, E. G., Moss, T. J., Mills, G. B., Azencott, R., & Ram, P. T. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140072 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nguyen, V. H. L., Hough, R., Bernaudo, S., & Peng, C. (2019) · Journal of Ovarian Research · doi:10.1186/s13048-019-0596-z · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Wnt Signaling in Ovarian Cancer Stemness, EMT, and Therapy Resistance
Teeuwssen, M., & Fodde, R. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8101658 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Wilczyński, J. R., Wilczyński, M., & Paradowska, E. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23052496 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Overexpression of miR-15b-5p promotes gastric cancer metastasis by regulating PAQR3
Zhao, C., Li, Y., Chen, G., Wang, F., Shen, Z., & Zhou, R. (2017) · Oncology Reports · doi:10.3892/or.2017.5673 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
miR-103/miR-195/miR-15b Regulate SALL4 and Inhibit Proliferation and Migration in Glioma
Chen, L., Zhang, N.-N., Ren, X.-Q., He, J., & Li, Y. (2018) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules23112938 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Chen, R., Sheng, L., Zhang, H., Ji, M. H., & Qian, W.-Q. (2018) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.13469 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Zhu, D., Tu, M., Zeng, B., Cai, L., Zheng, W., Su, Z., & Yu, Z. (2017) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.987 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Xie, H., Ma, Y., Li, J., Chen, H., Xie, Y., Chen, M., Zhao, X., Tang, S., Zhao, S., Zhang, Y., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00098 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Gokulnath, P., de Cristofaro, T., Manipur, I., Palma, T. D., Soriano, A. A., Guarracino, M. R., & Zannini, M. (2019) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers11122008 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Small Non-Coding-RNA in Gynecological Malignancies
Dwivedi, S. K. D., Rao, G., Dey, A., Mukherjee, P., Wren, J. D., & Bhattacharya, R. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13051085 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Zou, F., Yang, S., Li, W., Liu, C., Liu, X., Hu, C., Liu, Z., & Xu, S. (2020) · International Journal of Oncology · doi:10.3892/ijo.2020.5137 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
LncRNA TTN‐AS1 acts as sponge for miR‐15b‐5p to regulate FBXW7 expression in ovarian cancer
Miao, S., Wang, J., Xuan, L., & Liu, X. (2020) · BioFactors · doi:10.1002/biof.1622 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Wang, J., Liu, H., Tian, L. H., Wang, F., Han, L., Zhang, W., & Bai, Y. (2016) · Hormones and Cancer · doi:10.1007/s12672-016-0276-z · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Interplay of Wnt β-catenin pathway and miRNAs in HBV pathogenesis leading to HCC
Rana, M. A., Ijaz, B., Daud, M., Tariq, S., Nadeem, T., & Husnaın, T. (2018) · Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.clinre.2018.09.012 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
miR‐15b enhances the proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma by targeting BCL2
Wang, J., Yao, S., Diao, Y., Geng, Y., Bi, Y., & Liu, G. (2020) · Thoracic Cancer · doi:10.1111/1759-7714.13382 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Endometriosis Malignant Transformation: Epigenetics as a Probable Mechanism in Ovarian Tumorigenesis
He, J., Chang, W., Feng, C., Cui, M., & Xu, T. (2018) · International Journal of Genomics · doi:10.1155/2018/1465348 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
lncRNA BCAR4 sponges miR‑370‑3p to promote bladder cancer progression via Wnt signaling
Zhang, R., Wang, J., Jia, E., Zhang, J., Liu, N., & Chi, C. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2019.4444 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Garai, K., Adam, Z., Herczeg, R., Bánfai, K., Gyebrovszki, Á., Gyenesei, A., Pongracz, J. E., Wilhelm, M., & Kvell, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.658218 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Li, G., Qin, X., Song, H., Li, Y., Qiu, Y., Cui, S., Wang, Y., Wang, H., & Gong, J. (2019) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.28799 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
RetractedEndometriotic inflammatory microenvironment induced by macrophages can be targeted by niclosamide†
Sekulovski, N., Whorton, A. E., Shi, M., MacLean, J. A., & Hayashi, K. (2018) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1093/biolre/ioy222 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationMicroRNA-206 Inhibited the Progression of Glioblastoma Through BCL-2
Hao, W., Luo, W., Bai, M., Li, J., Bai, X., Guo, J., Wu, J., & Wang, M. (2016) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-016-0824-6 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Fu, X., Li, W., Xing, S., & Yang, Y. (2018) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2018.8954 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Zou, F., Yang, S., Li, W., Liu, C., Liu, X., Hu, C., Liu, Z., & Xu, S. (2020) · International Journal of Oncology · doi:10.3892/ijo.2020.5050 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Cao, P., Feng, Y., Deng, M., Li, J., Cai, H., Meng, Q., Fang, W., Li, Y., Ke, J., & Long, X. (2018) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2018.09.010 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Ye, L., Wang, Y., Nie, L., Shen, Q., & Xu, M. (2017) · PubMed Central · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Wen, F., Xu, J., & Wang, X.-R. (2017) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-016-4286-4 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Huang, Q., Yi, X., Lan, T., Lu, Y., Huang, L., & Zheng, D. (2024) · International Journal of Oral Science · doi:10.1038/s41368-024-00279-y · Cited by 18 · see citing works
miR-127 suppresses gastric cancer cell migration and invasion via targeting Wnt7a
Wang, L., Wang, X., & Jiang, X. (2019) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2019.9955 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
High expression level of miR-1260 family in the peripheral blood of patients with ovarian carcinoma
Ghafour, A. A., Ödemiş, D. A., Tunçer, Ş. B., Gültaslar, B. K., Avsar, M., Kılıç, S., Erdoğan, Ö. Ş., Çelik, B., Saip, P. M., & Yazıcı, H. (2021) · Journal of Ovarian Research · doi:10.1186/s13048-021-00878-x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Cai, Q., Fan, Q., Buechlein, A. M., Miller, D. F., Nephew, K. P., Liu, S., Wan, J., & Xu, Y. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197404 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Deciphering sex-specific miRNAs as heat-recorders in zebrafish
van Gelderen, T. A., Montfort, J., Álvarez‐Dios, J. A., Thermes, V., Piferrer, F., Bobe, J., & Ribas, L. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-21864-3 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
MicroRNA Regulation of the Autotaxin-Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling Axis
Murph, M. M. (2019) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers11091369 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
TRPM2-AS promotes the malignancy of osteosarcoma cells by targeting miR-15b-5p/PPM1D axis
Cai, Y., Yang, Y., Zhang, X., Ma, Q., & Li, M. (2022) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.1080/15384101.2022.2033414 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Tian, J., Cui, X., Feng, Y., & Gu, L. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Yu, B., Kapur, H., Hamid, Q. A., Khan, K., Thanassoulis, G., Cecere, R., de Varennes, B., Genest, J. J., & Schwertani, A. G. (2018) · Journal of Pharmacogenomics & Pharmacoproteomics · doi:10.4172/2153-0645.1000181 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Gentile, A., Lhamyani, S., Mesa, M. M., Pavón, F. J., Pearson, J. R., Salas, J., Clemente‐Postigo, M., Pérez-Costillas, L., Olveira, G., & Bekay, R. E. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241914456 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bustamante-Marin, X. M., Devlin, K. L., McDonell, S. B., Dave, O., Merlino, J. L., Grindstaff, E. J., Ho, A. N., Rezeli, E. T., Coleman, M. F., & Hursting, S. D. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15174320 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Functions of miRNAs in the Development, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Ovarian Carcinoma
Yazıcı, H. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.85100 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mangiferin in human disease: Multifaceted mechanisms and applications (Review)
Dai, Y., Huang, Q., Tan, M., Wang, Z., Jiang, C., Liu, Z., Zhang, S., & Song, S. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2026.5736 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“In glioma cells, MGF upregulates miR‑15b, which induces apoptosis by downregulating the expression of oncogenic targets such as WNT7A (37,64).”
Ramaiah, M. J., Vasavi, P. J., & Chandana, N. V. (2020) · Gene Reports · doi:10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100755 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Su, X., Zhou, Z., Chen, W., Zhu, M., Wu, L., Yin, Y., Chen, S., & Kang, M. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2930454/v1
Su, X., Zhou, Z., Chen, W., Zhu, M., Wu, L., Yin, Y., Chen, S., & Kang, M. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3196608/v1
Mechanistic Insights into Cancer Risk from the Circulating ProteomePreprint
Emilsson, V., Guðmundsdóttir, V., Bankier, S., Frick, E. A., Jónmundsson, Þ., Arnarson, K., Ingvarsdottir, H. K., Bjarnadottir, H., Loureiro, J., Jacobsen, E., et al. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.06.04.25328977
WNT8B and -9B promote the survival and dissemination of dormant ovarian cancer cellsPreprint
Zakirova, K., Passos, D. T., Kelawan, C., Roes, M. V., Tahir, R., Hill, M., Kim, S. J., Cecchini, M. J., Mura, M., Shepherd, T. G., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.08.11.744088
- Authors
- MacLean, J. A., King, M. L., Okuda, H., & Hayashi, K.
- Affiliations
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale (US)
- Kyoto University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Hayashi, Kanako
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2016-05-19
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e0156109
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4873135
- OpenAlex
- W2397092993
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 3.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Kyoto University Research Information Repository (Kyoto University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CA179214)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › MicroRNA in disease regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Wnt/β-catenin signaling in development and cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- Keywords
- Wnt7a, miR-15b, ovarian cancer, Wnt signaling, post-transcriptional regulation, 3' untranslated region, miRNA target genes, decitabine, DNMT1, promoter hypermethylation, serous ovarian cancer, prognostic factors, patient survival
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Mutation, Ovarian Neoplasms, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, 3' Untranslated Regions, MicroRNAs, Cell Line, Tumor, Wnt Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
