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Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) and chronic cognitive impairment: A scoping review
Open accessAbstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), or concussion, is the most common type of traumatic brain injury. With mTBI comes symptoms that include headaches, fatigue, depression, anxiety and irritability, as well as impaired cognitive function. Symptom resolution is thought to occur within 3 months post-injury, with the exception of a small percentage of individuals who are said to experience persistent post-concussion syndrome. The number of individuals who experience persistent symptoms appears to be low despite clear evidence of longer-term pathophysiological changes resulting from mTBI. In light of the incongruency between these longer-term changes in brain pathology and the number of individuals with longer-term mTBI-related symptoms, particularly impaired cognitive function, we performed a scoping review of the literature that behaviourally assessed short- and long-term cognitive function in individuals with a single mTBI, with the goal of identifying the impact of a single concussion on cognitive function in the chronic stage post-injury. CINAHL, Embase, and Medline/Ovid were searched July 2015 for studies related to concussion and cognitive impairment. Data relating to the presence/absence of cognitive impairment were extracted from 45 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. Results indicate that, in contrast to the prevailing view that most symptoms of concussion are resolved within 3 months post-injury, approximately half of individuals with a single mTBI demonstrate long-term cognitive impairment. Study limitations notwithstanding, these findings highlight the need to carefully examine the long-term implications of a single mTBI.
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“Posttraumatic stress disorder (PtsD), depressive disorder, and persistent post-concussive symptoms frequently co-occur after mild traumatic brain injury (tBi)”
From Feasibility, tolerability, and preliminary effectiveness of an accelerated bilateral intermittent theta-burst stimulation protocol in adults with posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid depressive disorder following mild traumatic brain injury (2026) · cites this paper as Mcinnes et al. 2017
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“with each condition amplifying the functional impact of the others”
From Feasibility, tolerability, and preliminary effectiveness of an accelerated bilateral intermittent theta-burst stimulation protocol in adults with posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid depressive disorder following mild traumatic brain injury (2026) · cites this paper as Mcinnes et al. 2017
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common and can cause a broad range of debilitating symptoms, including headaches, fatigue, irritability, sleep disturbances, depression and anxiety, and attention deficits [61, 94, 101].”
From Early onset senescence and cognitive impairment in a murine model of repeated mTBI (2021) · cites this paper as [94]
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Metadata
- Authors
- McInnes, K., Friesen, C. L., MacKenzie, D. E., Westwood, D. A., & Boe, S. G.
- Affiliations
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Boe, Shaun G.
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2017-04-11
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e0174847
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5388340
- OpenAlex
- W2606627358
- Cited by
- 531
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 60 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 5.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2019-06-11)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Keywords
- mild traumatic brain injury, concussion, post-concussion syndrome, long-term cognitive function, persistent post-concussion symptoms, symptom resolution, neuropathology
- MeSH terms
- Brain Concussion, Chronic Disease, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction
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