Cited by 165Mental Health Treatment and AccessMigration, Health and TraumaPsychiatric care and mental health services

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Treatment gap and barriers for mental health care: A cross-sectional community survey in Nepal

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Luitel, Nagendra P., Jordans, Mark J. D., Kohrt, Brandon A., Rathod, Sujit D., Komproe, Ivan H.·2017·PLOS ONE

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0183223PMC PMC5560728

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Abstract

CONTEXT: There is limited research on the gap between the burden of mental disorders and treatment use in low- and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the treatment gap among adults with depressive disorder (DD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) and to examine possible barriers to initiation and continuation of mental health treatment in Nepal. METHODS: A three-stage sampling technique was used in the study to select 1,983 adults from 10 Village Development Committees (VDCs) of Chitwan district. Presence of DD and AUD were identified with validated versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Barriers to care were assessed with the Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE). RESULTS: In this sample, 11.2% (N = 228) and 5.0% (N = 96) screened positive for DD and AUD respectively. Among those scoring above clinical cut-off thresholds, few had received treatment from any providers; 8.1% for DD and 5.1% for AUD in the past 12 months, and only 1.8% (DD) and 1.3% (AUD) sought treatment from primary health care facilities. The major reported barriers to treatment were lacking financial means to afford care, fear of being perceived as "weak" for having mental health problems, fear of being perceived as "crazy" and being too unwell to ask for help. Barriers to care did not differ based on demographic characteristics such as age, sex, marital status, education, or caste/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: With more than 90% of the respondents with DD or AUD not participating in treatment, it is crucial to identify avenues to promote help seeking and uptake of treatment. Given that demographic characteristics did not influence barriers to care, it may be possible to pursue general population-wide approaches to promoting service use.

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Authors: Luitel, N. P., Jordans, M. J. D., Kohrt, B. A., Rathod, S. D., & Komproe, I. H.
Affiliations: King's College London (GB)
Duke University (US)
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
Utrecht University (NL)
Corresponding author: Luitel, Nagendra P.
ORCID: Luitel, Nagendra P.
Jordans, Mark J. D.
Kohrt, Brandon A.
Rathod, Sujit D.
Komproe, Ivan H.
Venue: PLOS ONE
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published: 2017-08-17
Volume: 12
Issue: 8
Pages: e0183223
ISSN: 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183223
PMC: PMC5560728
OpenAlex: W2746688446
Cited by: 165
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 5
FWCI: 19.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Government of the United Kingdom
National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH104310)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
Keywords: treatment gap, barriers to mental health care, depressive disorders, alcoholism, help-seeking, mental health service utilization, primary care, stigma, financial barriers, Nepal, Chitwan district
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services, Middle Aged, Nepal, Young Adult

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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Treatment gap and barriers for mental health care: A cross-sectional community survey in Nepal

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Claims the paper makes

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