Evaluating the impact of a ‘virtual clinic’ on patient experience, personal and provider costs of care in urinary incontinence: A randomised controlled trial
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of using a 'virtual clinic' on patient experience and cost in the care of women with urinary incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Women, aged > 18 years referred to a urogynaecology unit were randomised to either (1) A Standard Clinic or (2) A Virtual Clinic. Both groups completed a validated, web-based interactive, patient-reported outome measure (ePAQ-Pelvic Floor), in advance of their appointment followed by either a telephone consultation (Virtual Clinic) or face-to-face consultation (Standard Care). The primary outcome was the mean 'short-term outcome scale' score on the Patient Experience Questionnaire (PEQ). Secondary Outcome Measures included the other domains of the PEQ (Communications, Emotions and Barriers), Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ), Short-Form 12 (SF-12), personal, societal and NHS costs. RESULTS: 195 women were randomised: 98 received the intervention and 97 received standard care. The primary outcome showed a non-significant difference between the two study arms. No significant differences were also observed on the CSQ and SF-12. However, the intervention group showed significantly higher PEQ domain scores for Communications, Emotions and Barriers (including following adjustment for age and parity). Whilst standard care was overall more cost-effective, this was minimal (£38.04). The virtual clinic also significantly reduced consultation time (10.94 minutes, compared with a mean duration of 25.9 minutes respectively) and consultation costs compared to usual care (£31.75 versus £72.17 respectively), thus presenting potential cost-savings in out-patient management. CONCLUSIONS: The virtual clinical had no impact on the short-term dimension of the PEQ and overall was not as cost-effective as standard care, due to greater clinic re-attendances in this group. In the virtual clinic group, consultation times were briefer, communication experience was enhanced and personal costs lower. For medical conditions of a sensitive or intimate nature, a virtual clinic has potential to support patients to communicate with health professionals about their condition.
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Telehealth can be appropriate and effective for overactive bladder follow-up and medication management.
“overactive bladder follow-up and medication management”
From Evidence for the Appropriate Use of Telemedicine in Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
Available data suggest that OAB care may be more cost-effective if the first visit is in person, while remote follow-up for first- and second-line therapy is probably safe and may enhance adherence and progression to third-line treatment.
“The available data suggests that care may be more cost-effective when the initial consultation is in-person, but follow-up for first- and second-line therapy is likely safe and may improve adherence to care and progression to third-line treatment.”
From Evidence for the Appropriate Use of Telemedicine in Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
For OAB/UUI, the first assessment may be more cost-effective in person, whereas later telehealth follow-up may improve medication adherence and increase progression to third-line treatment.
“The initial evaluation of OAB/UUI may be more cost-effective when performed in person, but subsequent telehealth follow-up may improve adherence to medication management and increase rates of progression to third-line therapy.”
From Evidence for the Appropriate Use of Telemedicine in Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
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Liu, S., Kumluang, S., Gaewkhiew, P., Suwanpanich, C., Athibodee, T., Saeraneesopon, T., Kittiratchakool, N., & Isaranuwatchai, W. (2024) · doi:10.2196/preprints.57366
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Umale, V. M., Tote, M. Y., Narkhede, M. T., Bokade, M. A., & Nikam, M. M. (2024) · International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology · doi:10.48175/ijarsct-17851
The Effect of Health Information Systems Implementation on Hospital Costs: A Systematic ReviewPreprint
Silva, C. B. G., & Lapão, L. V. (2025) · doi:10.14293/pr2199.001767.v1
- Authors
- Jones, G., Brennan, V., Jacques, R., Wood, H., Dixon, S., & Radley, S.
- Affiliations
- Leeds Beckett University (GB)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Jessop Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Jones, Georgina
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2018-01-18
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e0189174
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5773012
- OpenAlex
- W2784758722
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 7.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Leeds Beckett Repository (Leeds Beckett University) (acceptedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Sheffield Hospitals Charity (No 7863)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Pelvic floor disorders treatments
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare
- Keywords
- urinary incontinence, virtual clinics, telephone consultation, patient experience, cost of care, urogynecology, patient-reported outcomes, patient experience questionnaire, Client Satisfaction Questionnaire, SF-12, consultation time, clinic attendance, women's health
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Urinary Incontinence, Health Care Costs, Patient Satisfaction, Young Adult
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