Cited by 177LGBTQ Health, Identity, and PolicyGender and Feminist StudiesGender Roles and Identity Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Comparing the health of non-binary and binary transgender adults in a statewide non-probability sample

Open access

Reisner, Sari L., Hughto, Jaclyn M. W.·2019·PLOS ONE

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0221583PMC PMC6711503

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In the U.S., non-binary refers to transgender people who have a gender identity not aligned with their assigned sex at birth, and who identify outside of the traditional male-female binary, such as genderqueer, genderfluid, or gender nonconforming. Few data are available to characterize the health of non-binary adults. METHODS: The current study sought to fill this gap by conducting a secondary analysis of data from a non-probability sample of transgender and/or gender nonconforming adults in Massachusetts (sample mean age 32.6 years, 63% female assigned sex at birth; 79.4% white non-Hispanic/Latinx). Multivariable models were fit to compare non-binary (e.g., genderqueer) vs. binary (e.g., man/trans man, woman/trans woman) respondents across a range of social and health indicators. RESULTS: Overall, 40.9% identified their gender identity as non-binary. Non-binary respondents significantly differed from binary respondents on (all p<0.05): demographics (younger age, more female assigned sex at birth); gender affirmation (older age of identity recognition, lower current uptake of and future desires for medical gender affirmation); healthcare utilization (lower rates of being up-to-date in annual wellness visit, less mental healthcare utilization in past year); mental health and substance use (higher past-week depressive distress, higher hazardous alcohol use); social history (more unstably housed, more current students), violence victimization (lower rates of lifetime intimate partner violence), and social support (less family support). CONCLUSION: Gender diversity, including whether people endorse a binary or non-binary gender identity, is a prevalent and an important aspect of transgender health. Demographic measures of gender identity that include binary and non-binary response options are recommended to inform future research and clinical care.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1371/journal.pone.0221583

Cites

61 of 61 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The AUDIT Alcohol Consumption Questions (AUDIT-C)<subtitle>An Effective Brief Screening Test for Problem Drinking</subtitle>
Bush, K. (1998) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.158.16.1789 · Cited by 6,196
Screening for Depression in Well Older Adults: Evaluation of a Short Form of the CES-D
Andresen, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B., & Patrick, D. L. (1994) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30622-6 · Cited by 5,403
Screening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale).
Andresen, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B., & Patrick, D. L. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 4,426
Multiple imputation of discrete and continuous data by fully conditional specification
van Buuren, S. (2007) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/0962280206074463 · Cited by 2,827
A conceptual framework for clinical work with transgender and gender nonconforming clients: an adaptation of the Minority stress model
Hendricks, M. L., & Testa, R. J. (2012) · Professional Psychology: Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/a0029597 · Cited by 2,134
Missing Data
Allison, P. (2002) · doi:10.4135/9781412985079 · Cited by 2,050
Transgender stigma and health: a critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions
White Hughto, J. M., Reisner, S. L., & Pachankis, J. E. (2015) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.11.010 · Cited by 1,680
Self-citation
Global health burden and needs of transgender populations: a review
Reisner, S. L., Poteat, T., Keatley, J. G., Cabral, M., Mothopeng, T., Dunham, E., Holland, C. E., Max, R. J., & Baral, S. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00684-x · Cited by 1,570
Self-citation
Stigma, Mental Health, and Resilience in an Online Sample of the US Transgender Population
Bockting, W. O., Miner, M. H., Swinburne Romine, R. E., Hamilton, A., & Coleman, E. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301241 · Cited by 1,540
Multiple imputation for missing data: fully conditional specification versus multivariate normal imputation.
Lee, K. J., & Carlin, J. (2010) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwp425 · Cited by 787

Show all 62 references

Sorted by citations

Hormone Therapy, Mental Health, and Quality of Life Among Transgender People: A Systematic Review
Baker, K., Wilson, L. M., Sharma, R., Dukhanin, V., McArthur, K., & Robinson, K. A. (2021) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvab011 · Cited by 321
Proportion of people identified as transgender and non-binary gender in Brazil
Spizzirri, G., Eufrásio, R. Á., Lima, M. C. P., Nunes, H. R. D. C., Kreukels, B. P. C., Steensma, T. D., & Abdo, C. H. N. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81411-4 · Cited by 232
Prevalence and Co-occurrence of Alcohol, Nicotine, and Other Substance Use Disorder Diagnoses Among US Transgender and Cisgender Adults
Hughto, J. M. W., Quinn, E. K., Dunbar, M. S., Rose, A. J., Shireman, T. I., & Jasuja, G. K. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.36512 · Cited by 195
Self-citation
Health and health care access in the US transgender population health (TransPop) survey
Feldman, J., Luhur, W., Herman, J. L., Poteat, T., & Meyer, I. H. (2021) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/andr.13052 · Cited by 123
The geographic alignment of primary care Health Professional Shortage Areas with markers for social determinants of health
Streeter, R. A., Snyder, J. E., Kepley, H. O., Stahl, A. L., Li, T., & Washko, M. M. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231443 · Cited by 98
The incidence of multimorbidity and patterns in accumulation of chronic conditions: A systematic review
Kudesia, P., Salimarouny, B., Stanley, M., Fortin, M., Stewart, M., Terry, A. L., & Ryan, B. L. (2021) · Journal of Multimorbidity and Comorbidity · doi:10.1177/26335565211032880 · Cited by 92
Non-binary and binary gender identity in Australian trans and gender diverse individuals
Cheung, A. S., Leemaqz, S. Y., Wong, J. W. P., Chew, D., Ooi, O., Cundill, P., Silberstein, N., Locke, P., Zwickl, S., Grayson, R., et al. (2020) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-020-01689-9 · Cited by 76
Systemic inflammation as a driver of health disparities among sexually-diverse and gender-diverse individuals
Diamond, L. M., Dehlin, A. J., & Alley, J. C. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105215 · Cited by 79
Differences in mental health symptom severity and care engagement among transgender and gender diverse individuals: Findings from a large community health center
Stanton, A. M., Batchelder, A. W., Kirakosian, N., Scholl, J., King, D., Grasso, C., Potter, J., Mayer, K. H., & O’Cleirigh, C. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245872 · Cited by 71
Prevalence of substance use and mental health problems among transgender and cisgender U.S. adults: Results from a national probability sample
Kidd, J. D., Tettamanti, N. A., Kaczmarkiewicz, R., Corbeil, T., Dworkin, J. D., Jackman, K., Hughes, T. L., Bockting, W. O., & Meyer, I. H. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115339 · Cited by 76
Providing Affirmative Care to Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth: Disparities, Interventions, and Outcomes
Call, D. C., Challa, M., & Telingator, C. J. (2021) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-021-01245-9 · Cited by 72
Non-HIV chronic disease burden among transgender populations globally: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Rich, A. J., Scheim, A. I., Koehoorn, M. W., & Poteat, T. (2020) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101259 · Cited by 64
Mental health of non-binary youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Klinger, D., Oehlke, S., Riedl, S., Eschbaum, K., Zesch, H. E., Karwautz, A. F. K., Plener, P. L., & Kothgassner, O. D. (2024) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-024-00822-z · Cited by 58
Association of transphobic discrimination and alcohol misuse among transgender adults: Results from the U.S. Transgender Survey
Kcomt, L., Evans‐Polce, R. J., Boyd, C. J., & McCabe, S. E. (2020) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108223 · Cited by 60
Mental Health Inequities among Transgender People in Aotearoa New Zealand: Findings from the Counting Ourselves Survey
Tan, K. K. H., Ellis, S. J., Schmidt, J. M., Byrne, J. L., & Veale, J. F. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17082862 · Cited by 57
Transgender Adults Have Higher Rates Of Disability Than Their Cisgender Counterparts
Smith‐Johnson, M. (2022) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00500 · Cited by 56
Prevalence and minority-stress correlates of past 12-month prescription drug misuse in a national sample of transgender and gender nonbinary adults: Results from the U.S. Transgender Survey
Kidd, J. D., Goetz, T. G., Shea, E. A., & Bockting, W. O. (2020) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108474 · Cited by 53
A critical deconstructed quantitative analysis: Sexual and gender minority stress through an intersectional lens
Williams, S. L., Job, S. A., Todd, E., & Braun, K. (2020) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12410 · Cited by 59
Characterising the impact of COVID-19 environment on mental health, gender affirming services and socioeconomic loss in a global sample of transgender and non-binary people: a structural equation modelling
Restar, A., Jin, H., Jarrett, B. A., Adamson, T., Baral, S., Howell, S., & Beckham, S. W. (2021) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004424 · Cited by 48
Disparities in health condition diagnoses among aging transgender and cisgender medicare beneficiaries, 2008-2017
Hughto, J. M. W., Varma, H., Babbs, G., Yee, K., Alpert, A. B., Hughes, L. D., Ellison, J. E., Downing, J. M., & Shireman, T. I. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1102348 · Cited by 46
Self-citation
Diversity and the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)
Rodriguez-Seijas, C. A., Li, J. J., Balling, C. E., Brandes, C. M., Bernat, E. M., Boness, C. L., Forbes, M. K., Forbush, K. T., Joyner, K. J., Krueger, R. F., et al. (2023) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-023-00200-0 · Cited by 43
Gender-Affirming Mental Health Care Access and Utilization Among Rural Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults in Five Northeastern U.S. States
Reisner, S. L., Benyishay, M., Stott, B., Vedilago, V., Almazan, A. N., & Keuroghlian, A. S. (2021) · Transgender Health · doi:10.1089/trgh.2021.0010 · Cited by 36
Self-citation
Increases in Self-identifying as Transgender Among US Adults, 2014–2022
Twenge, J. M., Wells, B. E., Le, J., & Rider, G. N. (2024) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-024-01001-7 · Cited by 32
The impact of microaggressions on the mental health of trans and gender-diverse people: A scoping review
Kimber, B., Oxlad, M., & Twyford, L. (2024) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2024.2380903 · Cited by 34
Experiences of menopause among non-binary and trans people
Toze, M., & Westwood, S. (2024) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2024.2389924 · Cited by 30
Differential Experiences of Sexual, Physical, and Emotional Intimate Partner Violence Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults
Kattari, S. K., Kattari, L., Lacombe‐Duncan, A., Shelton, J., & Misiolek, B. A. (2022) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605221078805 · Cited by 30
Mental health among sexual and gender minorities: A Finnish population-based study of anxiety and depression discrepancies between individuals of diverse sexual orientations and gender minorities and the majority population
Källström, M., Nousiainen, N., Jern, P., Nickull, S., & Gunst, A. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276550 · Cited by 46
Suicidal Ideation Disparities Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Compared to Cisgender Community Health Patients
Kirakosian, N., Stanton, A. M., McKetchnie, S. M., King, D. S., Dolotina, B., O’Cleirigh, C. M., Grasso, C., Potter, J. E., Mayer, K. H., & Batchelder, A. (2023) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-022-07996-2 · Cited by 33
Integrating Transwomen and Female Athletes with Differences of Sex Development (DSD) into Elite Competition: The FIMS 2021 Consensus Statement
Hamilton, B. R., Lima, G., Barrett, J., Seal, L., Kolliari-Turner, A., Wang, G., Karanikolou, A., Bigard, X., Löllgen, H., Zupet, P., et al. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01451-8 · Cited by 30
Invalidation and mental health among nonbinary individuals.
Johnson, K. C., LeBlanc, A. J., Dolezal, C. L., Singh, A. A., & Bockting, W. O. (2023) · Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity · doi:10.1037/sgd0000621 · Cited by 25
Navigating the gap: Unveiling the hidden minority stressors faced by trans and nonbinary clients in gender affirming pathways
Lorusso, M. M., Rosati, F., Loopuijt, C., Pistella, J., Baiocco, R., & Albanesi, C. (2024) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2024.2335519 · Cited by 24
Nonbinary people living in a binary world: Minority stress in public and gendered places
Rosati, F., Lorusso, M. M., Pistella, J., Anzani, A., Giannantonio, B. D., Mirabella, M., & Baiocco, R. (2024) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2024.2338152 · Cited by 31
Sexual and Gender Identity Disparities in Nicotine and Tobacco Use Susceptibility and Prevalence: Disaggregating Emerging Identities Among Adolescents From California, USA
Harlow, A. F., Liu, F., Young, L. E., Coreas, S. I., Rahman, T. M., Unger, J. B., Leventhal, A. M., Barrington‐Trimis, J. L., & Krueger, E. A. (2023) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntad131 · Cited by 23
The myth of ‘older LGBT+’ people: Research shortcomings and policy/practice implications for health/care provision
Westwood, S. (2020) · Journal of Aging Studies · doi:10.1016/j.jaging.2020.100880 · Cited by 25
A Single Center Case Series of Gender-Affirming Surgeries and the Evolution of a Specialty Anesthesia Team
Aquino, N. J., Boskey, E. R., Staffa, S. J., Ganor, O., Crest, A. W., Gemmill, K. V., Cravero, J. P., & Vlassakova, B. G. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11071943 · Cited by 23
Ask Again: Including Gender Identity in Longitudinal Studies of Aging
Hanes, D. W., & Clouston, S. (2020) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnaa107 · Cited by 22
A Comparative Study of Health and Well-being Among Cisgender and Binary and Nonbinary Transgender Adolescents in Spain
Ciria-Barreiro, E., Moreno-Maldonado, C., Rivera, F., & Moreno, C. (2021) · LGBT Health · doi:10.1089/lgbt.2020.0477 · Cited by 25
Gender affirming hormone therapy dosing behaviors among transgender and nonbinary adults
Restar, A., Dusic, E. J., Garrison‐Desany, H. M., Lett, E., Everhart, A. R., Baker, K., Scheim, A. I., Beckham, S. W., Reisner, S. L., Rose, A. J., et al. (2022) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-022-01291-5 · Cited by 23
Self-citation
Childhood maltreatment, shame, psychological distress, and binge eating: testing a serial mediational model
O’Loghlen, E., Galligan, R. F., & Grant, S. (2023) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-023-00819-7 · Cited by 22
Gender-affirming endocrine care for youth with a nonbinary gender identity
Hodax, J. K., & DiVall, S. A. (2023) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/20420188231160405 · Cited by 21
Differences in Health Care Access, Utilization, and Experiences Among LGBTQ+ Subgroups in the Southern United States
Holt, N. R., Eldridge-Smith, E. D., Griffin, J. A., Stepleman, L. M., Drescher, C. F., & Casanova, T. N. (2022) · Family & Community Health · doi:10.1097/fch.0000000000000340 · Cited by 20
Comparing eating disorder treatment outcomes of transgender and nonbinary individuals with cisgender individuals
Riddle, M. C., Robertson, L., Blalock, D. V., Duffy, A., Grange, D. L., Mehler, P. S., Rienecke, R. D., & Joiner, T. E. (2022) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23812 · Cited by 20
Systemic transphobia and ongoing barriers to healthcare for transgender and nonbinary people: A historical analysis of #TransHealthFail
McLaughlin, A. J., Nonoyama, S., Glupe, L., & Bosse, J. D. (2025) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000718 · Cited by 22
Exploring communication preferences of trans and gender diverse individuals—A qualitative study
von der Warth, R., Metzner, G., Körner, M., & Farin‐Glattacker, E. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0284959 · Cited by 22
Minority stressors and tobacco use among a US sample of sexual and gender minority young adults
Figueroa, W. S., Jankowski, E. E., Curran, H., Ennis, A. C., Poteat, T., Morgan, E., Klein, J., Reczek, C., & Patterson, J. G. (2024) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111356 · Cited by 19
Deferral: the sociology of young trans people’s epiphanies and coming out
Kennedy, N. (2020) · Journal of LGBT Youth · doi:10.1080/19361653.2020.1816244 · Cited by 19
Growth, growth potential, and influences on adult height in the transgender and gender‐diverse population
Roberts, S. A., & Carswell, J. M. (2021) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/andr.13034 · Cited by 20
Educational Outcomes Of Gender-Diverse Youth: A National Population-Based Study
Wilkinson, L., Shifrer, D., & Pearson, J. (2021) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/08912432211038689 · Cited by 24
Exploring Stroke Risk Factors and Outcomes in Sexual and Gender Minority People
Diaz, M., & Rosendale, N. (2023) · Neurology Clinical Practice · doi:10.1212/cpj.0000000000200106 · Cited by 19
Mental health, substance use, experiences of violence, and access to health care among transgender and non-binary people during the COVID-19 lockdown in Argentina
Radusky, P. D., Cardozo, N. F., Duarte, M., Fabian, S., Frontini, E., Sued, O. G., & Arístegui, I. (2021) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2021.1943593 · Cited by 17
Transgender/nonbinary young adults’ exposure to cissexism-related social stressors: Variation across gender groups
Murchison, G. R., Aguayo‐Romero, R. A., Lett, E., Katz‐Wise, S. L., Agénor, M., & Gordon, A. R. (2023) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116013 · Cited by 22
Sexual healthcare experiences of nonbinary young adults
Eiduson, R., Murchison, G. R., Agénor, M., Suarez, L. M., & Gordon, A. R. (2021) · Culture Health & Sexuality · doi:10.1080/13691058.2021.1946595 · Cited by 17
Development of the nonbinary gender microaggressions (NBGM) scale
Croteau, T. A., & Morrison, T. G. (2022) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2022.2039339 · Cited by 15
Anti-Asian racism related stigma, racial discrimination, and protective factors against stigma: a repeated cross-sectional survey among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Boden-Albala, B. M., Ding, X., Ryan, N., Goodman, S. H., Wing, J. J., Runnerstrom, M. G., Gutierrez, D., Gibbs, B., Robb, J. M., & Drum, E. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.958932 · Cited by 16
The Costs and Benefits of ‘Passing’: A Systematic Review of the Qualitative Evidence on Passing for Trans Individuals and Communities
Anderson, J., Burstall, J., Schweizer, K., & Tan, K. J. (2025) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-025-01596-0 · Cited by 18
Gender identity differences in the experiences of family stressors and violence among transgender and non‐binary individuals in China
Chan, R. C. H., Suen, Y. T., & Leung, J. S. Y. (2024) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12958 · Cited by 17
Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Persons ‘Health and Well-Being: Reducing Minority Stress to Improve Well-Being
Smith, S. K. (2020) · Creative Nursing · doi:10.1891/crnr-d-19-00083 · Cited by 15
Social conditions and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown among people who do not identify with the man/woman binomial in Spain
Jacques‐Aviñó, C., López‐Jiménez, T., Medina‐Perucha, L., de Bont, J., & Berenguera, A. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0256261 · Cited by 15
Parenting Beyond the Binary? An Empirical Test of Norm-Centered Stigma Theory and the Stigmatization of Nonbinary Parents
Worthen, M. G. F., & Herbolsheimer, C. (2022) · LGBTQ+ Family An Interdisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/27703371.2022.2123422 · Cited by 15
Psychological Distress and Suicidality Among Transgender Young Adults in the United States
Wang, Y.-C., Hoatson, T., Stamoulis, C., Herman, J. L., Reisner, S. L., Meyer, I. H., & Katz‐Wise, S. L. (2024) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.11.004 · Cited by 18
Self-citation
Nonbinary people in the family context: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Commone, C., Pistella, J., Pellegrini, V., & Baiocco, R. (2024) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2024.2310540 · Cited by 14
Public Restrooms in Neighborhoods and Public Spaces: a Qualitative Study of Transgender and Nonbinary Adults in New York City
Dubin, S. N., Reisner, S. L., Schrimshaw, E. W., Radix, A. E., Khan, A., Harry-Hernández, S., Zweig, S. A., Timmins, L., & Duncan, D. T. (2021) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-020-00504-3 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Does discrimination prevent transgender and gender diverse people from seeking healthcare?: A nationwide cohort study in South Korea
Kim, R., Choo, S., Lee, H., Eom, Y., Yi, H., Kim, R., & Kim, S. (2023) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2023.2215750 · Cited by 14
“Truly Listen to Us”: Recommendations for Health Professionals to Bolster Wellbeing of Nonbinary Individuals
Kinney, M. K., & Cosgrove, D. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19159032 · Cited by 13
Trauma and latinx sexual- and gender-minority immigrants in the U.S.
Estrada, F., Jones, I. J., Rivera, D. B., Ramirez, A., & Cerezo, A. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101439 · Cited by 12
Assigned-Female-at-Birth Trans Masculine and Non-Binary Individuals Differ in Their Body Satisfaction and Desire for Gender Affirming Treatments
Schaeff, C. M. (2022) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02178-3 · Cited by 12
Development of Reward Circuitry During Adolescence: Depression, Social Context, and Considerations for Future Research on Disparities in Sexual and Gender Minority Youth
Eckstrand, K., Lenniger, C. J., & Forbes, E. E. (2022) · Annual Review of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-devpsych-120920-040820 · Cited by 12
Cross-Sectional Analysis of Medical Conditions in the U.S. Deaf Transgender Community
Sanfacon, K., Leffers, A., Miller, C. A., Stabbe, O. K., DeWindt, L. A., Wagner, K., & Kushalnagar, P. (2020) · Transgender Health · doi:10.1089/trgh.2020.0028 · Cited by 11
Review of Health Insurance Policy Inclusivity of Gender Nonconforming and Nonbinary Individuals Seeking Gender-Affirming Health Care
Bond, S. M., Fouché, T. W., Smith, J. R., & Garza, R. M. (2021) · Transgender Health · doi:10.1089/trgh.2020.0146 · Cited by 11
LGBTQ + health factors and outcomes differences across gender identity: Comparisons between cisgender minorities, transgender minorities, and nonbinary/genderqueer minorities
Nowaskie, D. Z., Choi, Y., & Kerswill, S. A. (2023) · Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health · doi:10.1080/19359705.2023.2193939 · Cited by 13
Crystallized Trans Identity: How Authenticity and Identity Communication Affect Job and Life Satisfaction
Baumler, R., & Piercy, C. W. (2024) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/00936502241234840 · Cited by 11
Establishing a university food pantry: growth, changes in shopper characteristics and recommendations
Gammon, C., Camp, C. A. V., Harkema, J., Summers, J., Leighton, P. S., & Moraniec, H. (2021) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2021.1888736 · Cited by 10
Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy for the Trans, Gender Diverse, and Nonbinary Community: Coordinating World Professional Association for Transgender Health and Informed Consent Models of Care
Solanki, P., Colón-Cabrera, D., Barton, C., Locke, P., Cheung, A. S., Spanos, C., Grace, J., Erasmus, J., & Lane, R. (2022) · Transgender Health · doi:10.1089/trgh.2021.0069 · Cited by 10
Social and Systemic Barriers to Transition-Related Surgical Procedures for Transgender Americans
Marano, A. A., Miller, A. S., Castillo, W., Reisner, S. L., Schechter, L. S., & Coon, D. (2024) · LGBT Health · doi:10.1089/lgbt.2023.0341 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Gender inclusive language on public-facing maternity services websites in England
Jennings, L., Goût, B., & Whittaker, P. J. (2022) · British Journal of Midwifery · doi:10.12968/bjom.2022.30.4.208 · Cited by 10
RETRACTED: Correlates of hazardous alcohol drinking among trans and non-binary people in Canada: A community-based cross-sectional study
Tran, G. M., Lachowsky, N. J., Urbanoski, K. A., Scheim, A. I., & Bauer, G. R. (2023) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110872 · Cited by 9
Retracted
Mental Health Care for Transgender and Non-binary Adults: An Investigation of Affirmative Practice, Therapy Experiences and Outcomes, and Reasons for Treatment Termination
Pepping, C. A., Cronin, T. J., & Davis, A. W. (2025) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-024-01065-5 · Cited by 11
Transgender people in clinical trials of drugs and biologics: An analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov from 2007 to 2023
Schonrock, Z., Brackeen, S., Delarose, K. E., Tran, T. Q. ‐., & Cirrincione, L. R. (2024) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.16076 · Cited by 9
The medical institution and transgender health: The role of healthcare barriers and negative healthcare experiences
Stacey, L., Wislar, W., & Reczek, C. (2024) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117525 · Cited by 9
Differential associations between enacted and expected stigma with psychological distress, alcohol use, and substance use in transgender and gender diverse people
Puckett, J. A., Veldhuis, C. B., Gilbert, P. A., Anderson‐Carpenter, K. D., Mustanski, B. S., & Newcomb, M. E. (2023) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109921 · Cited by 10
Health Literacy Among Sexual and Gender-Diverse Adolescents in New York City
Marshall, A., Mackson, G., Farnaz Kaighobadi, A., Hoffman, N. D., Ciarleglio, A., & Sandfort, T. G. M. (2024) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/10901981241307616 · Cited by 9
Characteristics of mobile-based brief interventions targeting substance use among youth: a rapid review
Colonna, R., & Alvarez, L. (2022) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659891.2022.2051622 · Cited by 8
Mental health and substance use risks and resiliencies in a U.S. sample of transgender and gender diverse adults
Trinh, M.-H., Aguayo‐Romero, R. A., & Reisner, S. L. (2022) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-022-02359-y · Cited by 8
Self-citation
Santé des personnes non binaires : de quoi parle-t-on ?
Alessandrin, A., & Meidani, A. (2023) · Santé Publique · doi:10.3917/spub.hs2.0097 · Cited by 8
Likelihood of HIV and recent bacterial sexually transmitted infections among transgender and non-binary individuals in 20 European countries, October 2023 to April 2024
Wang, H., Kolstee, J., Casalini, J. L., Hakim, S., Zimmermann, H. M. L., & Jonas, K. J. (2024) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.48.2400347 · Cited by 8
Perioperative Issues With Gender-Diverse Youth
Aquino, N. J., Ganor, O., Chrisos, H. A., Oles, N., & Boskey, E. R. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Surgical Nursing · doi:10.1097/jps.0000000000000282 · Cited by 8
Disparities in depression and anxiety at the intersection of race and gender identity in a large community health sample
Stanton, A. M., Chiu, C., Dolotina, B., Kirakosian, N., King, D. S., Grasso, C., Potter, J. E., Mayer, K. H., O’Cleirigh, C. M., & Batchelder, A. (2024) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117582 · Cited by 10
Prevalence of gender-affirming hormone therapy in non-binary and genderqueer individuals, a systematic review and meta-analysis
Castelijn, J. M., Huisman, B., Steensma, T. D., Wensing-Kruger, S. A., Kreukels, B. P. C., den Heijer, M., & Dreijerink, K. M. A. (2025) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-025-04381-x · Cited by 7
Transgender gender-affirming surgery consultation among patients seeking care in the Midwestern United States
Smith, J. R., Pakvasa, M., Oostrom, L. A., Gottlieb, L. J., Motley, D., & Hill, B. J. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000031319 · Cited by 7
Comparing eating disorder treatment outcomes of transgender and gender diverse adolescents with those of cisgender adolescents
Riddle, M. C., Blalock, D. V., Robertson, L., Duffy, A., Grange, D. L., Mehler, P. S., Rienecke, R. D., & Joiner, T. E. (2024) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.24195 · Cited by 7
A Cotherapy Supervision Approach using Person-Centered Theory with a Gender Fluid Client
Knutson, D., & Koch, J. M. (2021) · Clinical Case Studies · doi:10.1177/15346501211003157 · Cited by 7
Exploratory Analysis of the Role of Transnormativity in the Association Between Gender Dysphoria and Psychological Distress
Mize, G., & Lindley, L. M. (2025) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-025-01603-4 · Cited by 6
Multidimensional Assessment of Patient-Reported Outcomes After Gender-Affirming Surgeries Using a Validated Instrument
Hung, Y.-C., Park, B. J., Assi, P. E., Perdikis, G., Drolet, B. C., & Kassis, S. A. (2023) · Annals of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1097/sap.0000000000003652 · Cited by 6
Measuring Sexual Function in Gender Minority Individuals: A Critical Review
Henkelman, M. S., Jacobson, J. A., & Pukall, C. F. (2024) · Current Sexual Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s11930-024-00382-5 · Cited by 6
“Trans”-Ness and Shaming: A Thematic Analysis of Shame Among South Asian Transmen/Transmasc
Banerjee, T., & Reddy, K. J. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-54593-1_12 · Cited by 6
Associations Between Social Support Availability and HIV Risk and Protective Factors in a U.S. Sample of Adults with Diverse Transgender Identities
Gass, B. V., Horvath, K. J., Marrow, E., Rood, B. A., & Pantalone, D. W. (2020) · LGBT Health · doi:10.1089/lgbt.2020.0035 · Cited by 6
Exploring Health and Transition-Related Needs in Polish Transgender and Non-Binary Individuals
Koziara, K., Mijas, M. E., Wycisk, J., Pliczko, M. P., & Grabski, B. (2021) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.04.001 · Cited by 6
Gender-Affirming Primary Care Access Among Rural Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults in Five Northeastern U.S. States
Almazan, A. N., Benyishay, M., Stott, B., Vedilago, V., Reisner, S. L., & Keuroghlian, A. S. (2022) · LGBT Health · doi:10.1089/lgbt.2021.0391 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
“I’m proud to be myself”: A qualitative investigation of identity-related emotions among transgender youth
Goffnett, J., Flores, R. A., Galen, E., Hamaker, A., & Paceley, M. S. (2023) · Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment · doi:10.1080/10911359.2023.2178575 · Cited by 7
The intersectionality of detransitioning and being nonbinary in transgender care
Nieder, T. O. (2023) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1093/jsxmed/qdad045 · Cited by 6

Authors: Reisner, S. L., & Hughto, J. M. W.
Affiliations: Boston Children's Hospital (US)
Brown University (US)
Corresponding author: Reisner, Sari L.
ORCID: Reisner, Sari L.
Hughto, Jaclyn M. W.
Venue: PLOS ONE
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published: 2019-08-27
Volume: 14
Issue: 8
Pages: e0221583
ISSN: 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221583
PMC: PMC6711503
OpenAlex: W2970713018
Cited by: 177
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 15
FWCI: 21.04
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: Harvard University Center for AIDS Research (CFAR-FCHC-15-1)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
Keywords: non-binary gender identity, transgender adults, transgender health, gender affirmation, health care utilization, mental health, substance use, housing instability, intimate partner violence, family support, Massachusetts
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Gender Identity, Health, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Probability, Social Support, Violence, Crime Victims, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult, Transgender Persons

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Comparing the health of non-binary and binary transgender adults in a statewide non-probability sample

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks