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Cited by 177LGBTQ Health, Identity, and PolicyGender and Feminist StudiesGender Roles and Identity Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Comparing the health of non-binary and binary transgender adults in a statewide non-probability sample

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Reisner, Sari L., Hughto, Jaclyn M. W.·2019·PLOS ONE
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0221583PMC PMC6711503
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: In the U.S., non-binary refers to transgender people who have a gender identity not aligned with their assigned sex at birth, and who identify outside of the traditional male-female binary, such as genderqueer, genderfluid, or gender nonconforming. Few data are available to characterize the health of non-binary adults. METHODS: The current study sought to fill this gap by conducting a secondary analysis of data from a non-probability sample of transgender and/or gender nonconforming adults in Massachusetts (sample mean age 32.6 years, 63% female assigned sex at birth; 79.4% white non-Hispanic/Latinx). Multivariable models were fit to compare non-binary (e.g., genderqueer) vs. binary (e.g., man/trans man, woman/trans woman) respondents across a range of social and health indicators. RESULTS: Overall, 40.9% identified their gender identity as non-binary. Non-binary respondents significantly differed from binary respondents on (all p<0.05): demographics (younger age, more female assigned sex at birth); gender affirmation (older age of identity recognition, lower current uptake of and future desires for medical gender affirmation); healthcare utilization (lower rates of being up-to-date in annual wellness visit, less mental healthcare utilization in past year); mental health and substance use (higher past-week depressive distress, higher hazardous alcohol use); social history (more unstably housed, more current students), violence victimization (lower rates of lifetime intimate partner violence), and social support (less family support). CONCLUSION: Gender diversity, including whether people endorse a binary or non-binary gender identity, is a prevalent and an important aspect of transgender health. Demographic measures of gender identity that include binary and non-binary response options are recommended to inform future research and clinical care.

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Metadata

Authors
Reisner, S. L., & Hughto, J. M. W.
Affiliations
  • Boston Children's Hospital (US)
  • Brown University (US)
Corresponding author
Reisner, Sari L.
ORCID
Venue
PLOS ONE
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2019-08-27
Volume
14
Issue
8
Pages
e0221583
ISSN
1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0221583
PMC
PMC6711503
OpenAlex
W2970713018
Cited by
177
References
62
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 15
FWCI
21.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Harvard University Center for AIDS Research (CFAR-FCHC-15-1)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
Keywords
non-binary gender identity, transgender adults, transgender health, gender affirmation, health care utilization, mental health, substance use, housing instability, intimate partner violence, family support, Massachusetts
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Gender Identity, Health, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Probability, Social Support, Violence, Crime Victims, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult, Transgender Persons

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