Derivation and validation of a clinical severity score for acutely ill adults with suspected COVID-19: the PRIEST observational cohort study

Systematic review and critical appraisal of prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19 infection

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A randomised controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in primary care against standard treatment for menorrhagia: the ECLIPSE trial

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Development and Validation of the Quick COVID-19 Severity Index: A Prognostic Tool for Early Clinical Decompensation

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National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) on admission predicts severe disease and in-hospital mortality from Covid-19 – a prospective cohort study

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Comparing Rapid Scoring Systems in Mortality Prediction of Critically Ill Patients With Novel Coronavirus Disease

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Prognostic accuracy of emergency department triage tools for adults with suspected COVID-19: the PRIEST observational cohort study

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Characterisation of 22445 patients attending UK emergency departments with suspected COVID-19 infection: Observational cohort study

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The PAndemic INfluenza Triage in the Emergency Department (PAINTED) pilot cohort study

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Systematic review and critical appraisal of prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19 infection

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Clinical update on COVID-19 for the emergency clinician: Presentation and evaluation

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Conventional and Novel Diagnostic Tools for the Diagnosis of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants

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Composite Outcomes in Clinical Prediction Modeling: Are We Trying to Predict Apples and Oranges?

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Prediction models for severe manifestations and mortality due to COVID ‐19: A systematic review

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Process Improvement Approaches for Increasing the Response of Emergency Departments against the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

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Do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNACPR) decisions in people admitted with suspected COVID-19: Secondary analysis of the PRIEST observational cohort study

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The Efficacy of Antioxidant Oral Supplements on the Progression of COVID-19 in Non-Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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Generalizable machine learning approach for COVID-19 mortality risk prediction using on-admission clinical and laboratory features

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A Systematic Review of Predictor Composition, Outcomes, Risk of Bias, and Validation of COVID-19 Prognostic Scores

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External validation of the 4C Mortality Score for hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in the RECOVER network

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Pre-hospital prediction of adverse outcomes in patients with suspected COVID-19: Development, application and comparison of machine learning and deep learning methods

Hasan, M. K., Bath, P. A., Marincowitz, C., Sutton, L., Pilbery, R., Hopfgartner, F., Suvodeep Mazumdar, A., Campbell, R., Stone, T., Thomas, B., et al. (2022) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106024 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Validating the RISE UP score for predicting prognosis in patients with COVID-19 in the emergency department: a retrospective study

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Lessons from the frontline: The value of emergency care processes and data to pandemic responses across the Pacific region

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Modified PRIEST score for identification of very low-risk COVID patients

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Using clinical risk models to predict outcomes: what are we predicting and why?

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Accuracy of telephone triage for predicting adverse outcomes in suspected COVID-19: an observational cohort study

Marincowitz, C., Stone, T., Bath, P. A., Campbell, R., Turner, J., Hasan, M., Pilbery, R., Thomas, B., Sutton, L., Bell, F., et al. (2022) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2021-014382 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

The Enemies of Reliable and Useful Clinical Prediction Models: A Review of Statistical and Scientific Challenges

CALSTER, B. V., van Smeden, M., van Amsterdam, W. A. C., Coemans, M., Wynants, L., & Steyerberg, E. W. (2025) · Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application · doi:10.1146/annurev-statistics-042324-123749 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Development and Validation of a Robust and Interpretable Early Triaging Support System for Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19: Predictive Algorithm Modeling and Interpretation Study

Baek, S., Jeong, Y. J., Kim, Y., Kim, J. Y., Kim, J. H., Kim, E. Y., Lim, J., Kim, J., Kim, Z., Kim, K., et al. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/52134 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Is the 4C Score Still a Valid Item to Predict In-Hospital Mortality in People with SARS-CoV-2 Infections in the Omicron Variant Era?

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OASIS +: leveraging machine learning to improve the prognostic accuracy of OASIS severity score for predicting in-hospital mortality

EL‐Manzalawy, Y., Abbas, M. M., Hoaglund, I., Cerna, A. U., Morland, T., Haggerty, C. M., Hall, E. S., & Fornwalt, B. K. (2021) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-021-01517-7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Developing useful early warning and prognostic scores for COVID-19

Coughlan, C. H., Rahman, S., Honeyford, K., & Costelloe, C. (2021) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-140086 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

External validation of six COVID-19 prognostic models for predicting mortality risk in older populations in a hospital, primary care, and nursing home setting

Zahra, A., van Smeden, M., Abbink, E. J., van den Berg, J. M., Blom, M. T., van den Dries, C. J., Gussekloo, J., Wouters, F., Joling, K. J., Melis, R. J. F., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111270 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

A 4C mortality score based dichotomic rule supports Emergency Department discharge of COVID-19 patients

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Prediction of intensive care admission and hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients using demographics and baseline laboratory data

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Cost-Sensitive Ordinal Classification Methods to Predict SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia Severity

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LMIC-PRIEST: Derivation and validation of a clinical severity score for acutely ill adults with suspected COVID-19 in a middle-income setting

Marincowitz, C., Hodkinson, P. W., McAlpine, D., Fuller, G. W., Goodacre, S. W., Bath, P. A., Sbaffi, L., Hasan, M., Omer, Y., & Wallis, L. A. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0287091 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Advancements in Managing Choledocholithiasis and Acute Cholangitis in the Elderly: A Comprehensive Review

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Therapeutic potential of hUCMSC-derived exosomes in modulating inflammation and immune response in COVID-19-associated ARDS: A randomized clinical trial

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External validation of triage tools for adults with suspected COVID-19 in a middle-income setting: an observational cohort study

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Modeling and predicting individual variation in COVID-19 vaccine-elicited antibody response in the general population

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Lung Ultrasound Improves Outcome Prediction over Clinical Judgment in COVID-19 Patients Evaluated in the Emergency Department

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Combination of spironolactone and sitagliptin improves clinical outcomes of outpatients with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study

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Effectiveness of Kabasura Kudineer tablets in the management of asymptomatic and mild cases of COVID-19: A pilot double-blinded, randomized controlled trial

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Should we use composite outcomes in obstetric clinical prediction models?

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Outcomes for emergency department patients with suspected and confirmed COVID ‐19: An analysis of the Australian experience in 2020 ( COVED ‐5)

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Usefulness of C2HEST Score in Predicting Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 in Heart Failure and Non-Heart-Failure Cohorts

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Prehospital physiological parameters related illness severity scores can accurately discriminate the severe/critical state in adult patients with COVID-19

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Temporal instability analysis of fatal commercial fishing vessel incidents: A correlated random-parameter model with heterogeneity in means

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Performance of the CURB65, NEWS2, qSOFA, SOFA, REDS, ISARIC 4C, PRIEST and the Novel COVID-19 Severity Scores, Used to Risk-Stratify Emergency Department Patients with COVID-19, on Mortality—An Observational Cohort Study

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Training and testing of a gradient boosted machine learning model to predict adverse outcome in patients presenting to emergency departments with suspected covid-19 infection in a middle-income setting

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Accuracy of emergency medical service telephone triage of need for an ambulance response in suspected COVID-19: an observational cohort study

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Physiologic Scoring Systems in Predicting the COVID-19 Patients' one-month Mortality; a Prognostic Accuracy Study.

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Development of a prediction model for 30-day COVID-19 hospitalization and death in a national cohort of Veterans Health Administration patients–March 2022—April 2023

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Derivation and validation of a risk-stratification model for patients with probable or proven COVID-19 in EDs: the revised HOME-CoV score

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Comparison of Early Warning Scores in Determining the Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients

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Prognostic Factors and Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality Among COVID-19 Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: An Aid for Triage, Counseling, and Resource Allocation

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External validation of the 4C Mortality Score and PRIEST COVID-19 Clinical Severity Score in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia in Greece

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A study protocol of external validation of eight COVID-19 prognostic models for predicting mortality risk in older populations in a hospital, primary care, and nursing home setting

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New score to predict COVID-19 progression in vaccine and early treatment era: the COVID-19 Sardinian Progression Score (CSPS)

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Accuracy of the Canadian COVID-19 Mortality Score (CCMS) to predict in-hospital mortality among vaccinated and unvaccinated patients infected with Omicron: a cohort study

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Prognostic Value of Lung Injury Biomarkers in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Without Respiratory Failure at Admission

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ACEP Emergency Department COVID-19 Management Tool

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The Usefulness of the C2HEST Risk Score in Predicting Clinical Outcomes among Hospitalized Subjects with COVID-19 and Coronary Artery Disease

Rola, P., Doroszko, A., Trocha, M., Gajecki, D., Gawryś, J., Matys, T., Giniewicz, K., Kujawa, K., Skarupski, M., Adamik, B., et al. (2022) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v14081771 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Prognostic accuracy of eight triage scores in suspected COVID-19 in an Emergency Department low-income setting: An observational cohort study

Marincowitz, C., Hasan, M., Omer, Y. O., Hodkinson, P. W., McAlpine, D., Goodacre, S. W., Bath, P. A., Fuller, G. W., Sbaffi, L., & Wallis, L. A. (2024) · African Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.afjem.2023.12.004 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Evaluation of risk prediction scores for adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in a highly-vaccinated population, Aotearoa New Zealand 2022

Maze, M. J., Williman, J. A., Anstey, R., Best, E., Bhally, H. S., Bryce, A. N., Chang, C. L., Chen, K., Dummer, J. F., Epton, M., et al. (2024) · IJID Regions · doi:10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100424 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Validity of Severity scoring systems in critically ill patients with COVID 19 infection

Abdelhameed, M. A., Elgazzar, A. G., Abd-alazeem, E., Mousa, H. H., & Zahra, A. M. K. (2022) · Benha Journal of Applied Sciences · doi:10.21608/bjas.2022.253656 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Risk factors for progressing to critical illness in patients with hospital-acquired COVID-19

Lee, K. Y., Lee, J., Lee, S., & Lee, H. Y. (2024) · The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.3904/kjim.2023.347 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

A personalized antibody score for predicting individual COVID-19 vaccine-elicited antibody levels from basic demographic and health informationPreprint

Nakamura, N., Park, H., Kim, K. S., Sato, Y., Jeong, Y. D., Iwanami, S., Fujita, Y., Zhao, T., Tani, Y., Nishikawa, Y., et al. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.07.05.22277283 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

An easy-to-use prehospital severity scoring tool to triage COVID-19 positive adults in a resource-limited setting

Ali, D., Zubairi, M. B. A., Ayub, M., Awan, S., Ali, A. S., & Zubairi, A. B. S. (2023) · Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association · doi:10.47391/jpma.6058 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Identification of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Classes and Development of Hyperinflammation Score in Pediatric COVID-19

Totapally, B., Nadiger, M., Hassor, S., Laufer, M., Etinger, V., Ramos, O. M., Biehler, J., Meyer, K., & Melnick, S. J. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1730932 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Prehospital Pandemic Respiratory Infection Emergency System Triage score can effectively predict the 30-day mortality of COVID-19 patients with pneumonia

Li, C., Wu, L., Yang, Z., Tan, J., Jia, X., Wang, K., & Su, H. (2024) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2024.2407954 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Hospital or Home?

Brigham, E. P., & Parker, A. M. (2021) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2021.06.024

Improving the recognition of sepsis in primary care

Loots, F. J. (2022) · doi:10.33540/1257

The role of ANDC early warning score in predicting prolonged hospitalization in SARS-Cov-2 infected patients

Altunok, İ., & Özdemir, S. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine of Kazakhstan · doi:10.23950/jcmk/12687

Metabolic Unhealthiness is Associated With Increased Risk of Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia and Inpatient Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with Obesity or Overweight

Cortés, P., Travers, P. M., Zeng, J. J., Ball, C. T., Lynch, S. A., & Gómez, V. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.42205

External validation of the ISARIC 4C Mortality Score for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in TunisiaPreprint

Ali, K. B. H., Abdullah, S. M., Sekma, A., Toumia, M., Marrakchi, W., Toumi, A., Mhamed, S. C., Saad, A. B., Youssef, R., Zorgati, A., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3290410/v1

Giá trị tiên lượng của thang điểm mpriest trên bệnh nhân covid-19 nhập viện tại thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh

Trần, N. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine- Hue Central Hospital · doi:10.38103/jcmhch.90.6

Usefulness of the CHA2DS2-VASc Score in Predicting the Outcome in Subjects Hospitalized with COVID-19—A Subanalysis of the COLOS Study

Resler, K., Lubieniecki, P., Zatoński, T., Doroszko, A., Trocha, M., Skarupski, M., Kujawa, K., Rabczyński, M., Kuźnik, E., Bednarska-Chabowska, D., et al. (2024) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms12102060

The first assessment of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 1 (ACE1) D/I polymorphism and demographic factors in association with COVID-19 outcomes in the Moroccan Population

Bouchikhi, I. E., Otmani, I. E., Ahakoud, M., Kettani, O., Elmakhzen, B., Yahyaoui, G., Oumokhtar, B., Ouldim, K., El-Azami-El-Idrissi, M., Achour, S., et al. (2025) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-024-10211-6

Understanding the Expanded Capabilities of AMPREDICT MoRe: What MoRe Does It Have to Offer?

Norvell, D. C., Henderson, A. W., Baraff, A. J., & Czerniecki, J. M. (2025) · European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2025.04.037

CovSyn: an agent-based model for synthesizing COVID-19 course of disease and contact tracing dataPreprint

Wu, Y.-H., & Nordling, T. E. M. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.05.17.25327820

Comparison of the ALKA and CRS scores to predict outcomes among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 infection in United Arab Emirates

Kurban, B., Agha, A., Kurban, L. A. S., Guy, V., Yasin, J., Alshamsi, F. E., Ismail, M., & Bakoush, O. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1553189

Evaluating Clinical Decision Tools for Intensive Care Unit Admission Prediction in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019

Stuer, S., Dua, C., Janssens, E., Verdonck, P., Lemoyne, S., Dewitte, K., Monsieurs, K. G., & Haegdorens, F. (2025) · Journal of Emergency Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jen.2025.07.002

Comparative analysis of clinical scores for predicting COVID-19 severity and mortality: A retrospective prognostic study

Basharat, K., Elmegabar, B., Abdeen, M., Abukhadijah, H. J., Rehman, M. A. U., Yiğit, Y., Hafeez, U., & Farooq, M. (2025) · Avicenna · doi:10.5339/avi.2025.11

Usefulness of the C2HEST score in predicting the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in obese and non-obese cohorts - subanalysis of the COLOS Study

Rola, P., Dróżdż, O., Doroszko, A., Trocha, M., Kujawa, K., Bronowicka-Szydełko, A., Matera-Witkiewicz, A., Bednarska-Chabowska, D., Rabczyński, M., Kuźnik, E., et al. (2025) · Advances in Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.advms.2025.08.002

Additional file 4 of A study protocol of external validation of eight COVID-19 prognostic models for predicting mortality risk in older populations in a hospital, primary care, and nursing home setting

Zahra, A., Luijken, K., Abbink, E. J., van den Berg, J. M., Blom, M. T., Elders, P. J. M., Festen, J., Gussekloo, J., Joling, K. J., Melis, R. J. F., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26568154

Additional file 3 of A study protocol of external validation of eight COVID-19 prognostic models for predicting mortality risk in older populations in a hospital, primary care, and nursing home setting

Zahra, A., Luijken, K., Abbink, E. J., van den Berg, J. M., Blom, M. T., Elders, P. J. M., Festen, J., Gussekloo, J., Joling, K. J., Melis, R. J. F., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26568151

Additional file 1 of A study protocol of external validation of eight COVID-19 prognostic models for predicting mortality risk in older populations in a hospital, primary care, and nursing home setting

Zahra, A., Luijken, K., Abbink, E. J., van den Berg, J. M., Blom, M. T., Elders, P. J. M., Festen, J., Gussekloo, J., Joling, K. J., Melis, R. J. F., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26568145

Additional file 2 of A study protocol of external validation of eight COVID-19 prognostic models for predicting mortality risk in older populations in a hospital, primary care, and nursing home setting

Zahra, A., Luijken, K., Abbink, E. J., van den Berg, J. M., Blom, M. T., Elders, P. J. M., Festen, J., Gussekloo, J., Joling, K. J., Melis, R. J. F., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26568148

Identificación de pacientes de muy bajo riesgo de transición a la severidad en confirmados de covid-19. Cuba. 2020- 2021Preprint

Pérez, M. E. M., Sanchez-Valdés, L., & Lage-Dávila, A. (2023) · doi:10.1590/scielopreprints.5760

Effectiveness of Telemedicine vs Face-to-Face Consultation in Fighting COVID-19: Retrospective Cohort Study of Adult Patients With COVID-19 in a Primary Care Setting

Jiao, F., Ho, K. M., Chiang, L., Ko, S. H., & Chen, C. X. (2026) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/74046

Development of a clinical prediction model using integrated epigenetics to predict COVID-19 severity

Arnold, C. G., Holmes, J. F., LaSalle, J. M., Tancredi, D. J., Konigsberg, I. R., Yang, I. V., Edelmann, M. N., Campbell, M., Barnes, K. C., & Monte, A. A. (2026) · Human Genomics · doi:10.1186/s40246-026-01017-7

Lessons learned from predicting hospital admission criteria comparing two COVID-19 waves: an emergency department’s perspective

Mayer, M. M., Slagman, A. C., Pudasaini, S., Boldt, K. L., Pigorsch, M., Hitzek, J., & Möckel, M. M. (2026) · Biomarkers · doi:10.1080/1354750x.2026.2725728

National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) to predict poor outcome in hospitalised COVID-19 patients in India

Pugazhvannan, C. R., Vanidassane, I., Pownraj, D., Kandasamy, R., & Basheer, A. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261376 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Prognostic accuracy of emergency department triage tools for adults with suspected COVID-19: the PRIEST observational cohort study

Thomas, B., Goodacre, S. W., Lee, E. C., Sutton, L., Bursnall, M., Loban, A., Waterhouse, S., Simmonds, R., Biggs, K., Marincowitz, C., et al. (2021) · Emergency Medicine Journal · doi:10.1136/emermed-2020-210783 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

Prognostic accuracy of early warning scores for predicting serious illness and in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19

Kamal, M., Hasan, S. M. T., Sarmin, M., Das, S., Shahrin, L., Faruque, A. S. G., Chisti, M. J., & Ahmed, T. (2024) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0002438 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

COVID-19: association of the National Early Warning Score with triage categories, severity and outcomes

Piacezzi, L. H. V., da Silva, J. N., Baptista, R. C. N., da Costa, K. A. L., Lopes, M. C. B. T., Batista, R. E. A., & Campanharo, C. R. V. (2025) · Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2024-0069

External validation of triage tools for adults with suspected COVID-19 in a middle-income setting: an observational cohort study

Marincowitz, C., Sbaffi, L., Hodkinson, P., McAlpine, D., Fuller, G., Goodacre, S., Bath, P. A., Hasan, M., Omer, Y., & Wallis, L. A. (2023) · Emergency Medicine Journal · doi:10.1136/emermed-2022-212827 · Cited by 8 · see citing works