Eating for honour: A cultural-ecological analysis of food behaviours among adolescent girls in the southern plains of Nepal
Open accessAbstract
Access to adequate and nutritious food is important for the current and future health of adolescent girls. Interventions often focus on the individual as responsible for their own health ignoring the complex structural issues that underlie optimal nutrition. In South Asia gender inequalities have been noted as an important determinant of poor nutrition among women and their young children, but analysis of adolescent girls’ diets and what influences these are rarely undertaken. Therefore, we sought to analyse the factors affecting what and where girls’ eat and what affects their behaviour in the plains of Nepal, using a cultural-ecological approach. We analysed a secondary qualitative dataset of focus group discussions with adolescent girls aged 12–19 years old, young mothers, mothers-in-law, and older female key informants. Eating was heavily influenced by patriarchal norms. Boys had preferential access to food, money, and freedom of movement to appreciate their future role in providing for the family. Food was an investment, and boys were perceived to have more nutritional need than girls. Girls were not perceived to be a good return on investment of food, and eating practices sought to prepare them for life as a subservient daughter-in-law and wife. Obedience and sacrifice were valued in girls, and they were expected to eat less and do more housework than boys. Girls’ eating and behaviour was constrained to maintain self and family honour. Interventions should acknowledge cultural influences on eating and engage multiple actors in addressing harmful gender norms which limit eating and prevent girls from reaching their potential.
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These expectations can be particularly burdensome on boys and adolescents, who are seen as future providers and bearers of family honour.
“These expectations can be particularly burdensome on boys and adolescents, who are seen as future providers and bearers of family honour [31].”
From ‘We don’t talk about that around here’: an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) of South Asian male survivors’ experiences of childhood sexual abuse in the UK (2025) · cites this paper as [31]
The Results (Social organisation) and Discussion (Boy preference) say boys were expected to earn and support their parents. But the Discussion and Results (Culture) associate the burden of protecting family honour with girls’ constrained behaviour, while boys received greater freedom. The source therefore does not support describing boys as bearers of that burden. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cumulative impact of stigma, shame, and inadequate support contributes to high rates of suicidal ideation and self-harm.
“The cumulative impact of stigma, shame, and inadequate support contributes to high rates of suicidal ideation and self-harm [31].”
From ‘We don’t talk about that around here’: an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) of South Asian male survivors’ experiences of childhood sexual abuse in the UK (2025) · cites this paper as [31]
The Results (Culture; page unavailable) describe gossip and concern for girls’ reputations, while the Conclusion (page unavailable) addresses eating behaviours and undernutrition. Searches for suicidal ideation, self-harm, and mental health found no passage linking stigma, shame, or inadequate support to those outcomes. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Morrison, J., Basnet, M., & Sharma, N.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Mother and Infant Research Activities (NP)
- Corresponding author
- Morrison, Joanna
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2023-08-18
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e0290405
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10437861
- OpenAlex
- W4385975765
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 1.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Department for International Development (PO 5675)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food, Nutrition, and Cultural Practices
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Keywords
- adolescent girls, food behaviour, gender norms, patriarchy, family honor, nutrition, food access, gender inequality, housework, daughters-in-law, young mothers
- MeSH terms
- Asia, Southern, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Food, Humans, Male, Mothers, Nepal, Nutritional Status, Young Adult
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