Coming of age in recovery: The prevalence and correlates of substance use recovery status among adolescents and emerging adults
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To date, no epidemiological survey has estimated the prevalence of adolescents identifying as being in recovery. This is necessary for planning and identifying the needs of youth with current and remitted substance use disorders. This study estimated the prevalence of recovery status in a large statewide epidemiological survey administered between January and March 2020. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were high school students in 9th through 12th grades throughout Illinois. MEASUREMENTS: Youth were asked if they were in recovery and if they had resolved problems with substances. Youth who reported recovery and problem resolving dual status (DS), recovery only (RO), and problem resolution only (PRO) were compared to propensity score matched control groups who reported neither status (neither/nor; NN). Outcomes included alcohol use, binge alcohol use, cannabis use, and prescription drug use in the past 30 days. FINDINGS: Prevalence estimates were 884 (1.4%) for DS, 1546 (2.5%) for PRO, and 1,811 (2.9%) for RO. Relative to propensity matched control samples, all three groups had significantly lower odds of prescription drug use. The PRO group had lower odds of past month cannabis use. There were no significant differences for either alcohol outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence estimates of youth in recovery are slightly lower than those of adults in recovery, and estimates should be replicated. Youth in recovery and those resolving problems have numerous behavioral health needs, and relative to matched controls, have even odds for past 30-day alcohol use. These findings compel us to further define recovery for adolescents and emerging adults to allow for improving treatments and epidemiological research.
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Young people with substance use concerns are often interested in non-abstinent treatment goals.
“Some research suggests young people with substance use concerns are often interested in non-abstinent treatment goals, and many who feel they have resolved a past substance use concern do not consider themselves to be “in recovery” (Pasman et al., 2023, Smith et al., 2023, Subbaraman and Witbrodt, 2014).”
From The substance use disorder treatment gap among US college students: Findings from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2024) · cites this paper as Smith et al., 2023
Many people who feel they have resolved a past substance use concern do not consider themselves to be "in recovery".
“Some research suggests young people with substance use concerns are often interested in non-abstinent treatment goals, and many who feel they have resolved a past substance use concern do not consider themselves to be “in recovery” (Pasman et al., 2023, Smith et al., 2023, Subbaraman and Witbrodt, 2014).”
From The substance use disorder treatment gap among US college students: Findings from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2024) · cites this paper as Smith et al., 2023
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- Authors
- Smith, D. C., Reinhart, C. A., Begum, S., Kosgolla, J., Kelly, J. F., Bergman, B. B., & Basic, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Smith, Douglas C.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2023-12-19
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- e0295330
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10729970
- OpenAlex
- W4390016097
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 1.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2025-01-30)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Illinois Department of Human Services (43CAZ03292)
- National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (K24AA022136-08, K23AA025707)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- substance use disorder recovery, adolescents, emerging adults, substance use disorders, problem resolution, alcohol consumption, binge drinking, cannabis use, prescription drug use, prevalence, high school students
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Cannabis, Humans, Students, Prevalence, Substance-Related Disorders, Prescription Drugs
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