The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Trypanosome Lytic Factor, an Antimicrobial High-Density Lipoprotein, Ameliorates Leishmania Infection
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Trypanosome lytic factor is a complex consisting of ApoA1, haptoglobin-related protein (Hrp), and apolipoprotein L1 (ApoL1).
“A particularly interesting example is trypanosome lytic factor (70, 71, 72), which is a complex consisting of ApoA1, haptoglobin-related protein (Hrp), and apolipoprotein L1 (ApoL1) (72).”
From Lipidome and proteome of astrocyte and microglia ApoE lipoprotein reveal differences based on cell type and ApoE isoform (2026) · cites this paper as [72]
The Introduction identifies ApoA-I, Hpr, and ApoL-I as the predominant components of TLF1. It also identifies TLF2 as containing those three proteins plus IgM, so the three-component description does not fully describe both forms of trypanosome lytic factor. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredApoA1 acts as a scaffold protein, organizing the lipoprotein complex to carry Hrp and ApoL1.
“ApoA1 acts as a scaffold protein, organizing this lipoprotein complex to carry Hrp and ApoL1.”
From Lipidome and proteome of astrocyte and microglia ApoE lipoprotein reveal differences based on cell type and ApoE isoform (2026) · cites this paper as [72]
Hrp binds to receptors on trypanosomes, causing internalization of the complex, whereafter ApoL1 can form a pore in the plasma membrane of the trypanosome, causing cell lysis.
“Hrp binds to receptors on trypanosomes, causing the internalization of the complex, whereafter ApoL1 can form a pore in the plasma membrane of the trypanosome, causing cell lysis.”
From Lipidome and proteome of astrocyte and microglia ApoE lipoprotein reveal differences based on cell type and ApoE isoform (2026) · cites this paper as [72]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Sturgill-Koszycki, S., Schlesinger, P. H., Chakraborty, P., Haddix, P. L., Collins, H. L., Fok, A. K., Allen, R. D., Gluck, S. L., Heuser, J., & Russell, D. G. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8303277 · Cited by 1,302
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 46
- EB Lugli, 2004, Characterization of primate trypanosome lytic factors., Mol Biochem Parasitol, 138, 9, 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.07.004 · DOI
- AB Smith, 1995, Killing of trypanosomes by the human haptoglobin-related protein., Science, 268, 284, 10.1126/science.7716520 · DOI
- J Raper, 1999, Characterization of a novel trypanosome lytic factor from human serum., Infect Immun, 67, 1910, 10.1128/IAI.67.4.1910-1916.1999 · DOI
- AO Amer, 2002, A phagosome of one's own: a microbial guide to life in the macrophage., Curr Opin Microbiol, 5, 56, 10.1016/S1369-5274(02)00286-2 · DOI
- KM Hager, 1994, Endocytosis of a cytotoxic human high density lipoprotein results in disruption of acidic intracellular vesicles and subsequent killing of African trypanosomes., J Cell Biol, 126, 155, 10.1083/jcb.126.1.155 · DOI
- J Raper, 1996, The main lytic factor of Trypanosoma brucei brucei in normal human serum is not high density lipoprotein., J Exp Med, 183, 1023, 10.1084/jem.183.3.1023 · DOI
- L Vanhamme, 2004, The trypanosome lytic factor of human serum and the molecular basis of sleeping sickness., Int J Parasitol, 34, 887, 10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.04.008 · DOI
- P Molina-Portela Mdel, 2005, Trypanosome lytic factor, a subclass of high-density lipoprotein, forms cation-selective pores in membranes., Mol Biochem Parasitol, 144, 218, 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.08.018 · DOI
- D Perez-Morga, 2005, Apolipoprotein L-I promotes trypanosome lysis by forming pores in lysosomal membranes., Science, 309, 469, 10.1126/science.1114566 · DOI
- L Vanhamme, 2003, Apolipoprotein L-I is the trypanosome lytic factor of human serum., Nature, 422, 83, 10.1038/nature01461 · DOI
- AM Shiflett, 2005, Human high density lipoproteins are platforms for the assembly of multi-component innate immune complexes., J Biol Chem, 280, 32578, 10.1074/jbc.M503510200 · DOI
- B Vanhollebeke, 2007, Distinct roles of haptoglobin-related protein and apolipoprotein L-I in trypanolysis by human serum., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 4118, 10.1073/pnas.0609902104 · DOI
- J Drain, 2001, Haptoglobin-related protein mediates trypanosome lytic factor binding to trypanosomes., J Biol Chem, 276, 30254, 10.1074/jbc.M010198200 · DOI
- J Widener, 2007, Hemoglobin is a co-factor of human trypanosome lytic factor., PLoS Pathog, 3, e129, 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030129 · DOI
- B Vanhollebeke, 2008, A haptoglobin-hemoglobin receptor conveys innate immunity to Trypanosoma brucei in humans., Science, 320, 677, 10.1126/science.1156296 · DOI
- MG Rittig, 2000, Leishmania-host-cell interaction: complexities and alternative views., Parasitol Today, 16, 292, 10.1016/S0169-4758(00)01692-6 · DOI
- NC Peters, 2008, In vivo imaging reveals an essential role for neutrophils in leishmaniasis transmitted by sand flies., Science, 321, 970, 10.1126/science.1159194 · DOI
- BL Herwaldt, 1999, Leishmaniasis., Lancet, 354, 1191, 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)10178-2 · DOI
- I Tardieux, 1992, Lysosome recruitment and fusion are early events required for trypanosome invasion of mammalian cells., Cell, 71, 1117, 10.1016/S0092-8674(05)80061-3 · DOI
- AM Woolsey, 2003, Novel PI 3-kinase-dependent mechanisms of trypanosome invasion and vacuole maturation., J Cell Sci, 116, 3611, 10.1242/jcs.00666 · DOI
- V Ley, 1990, The exit of Trypanosoma cruzi from the phagosome is inhibited by raising the pH of acidic compartments., J Exp Med, 171, 401, 10.1084/jem.171.2.401 · DOI
- JF Dermine, 2000, Leishmania promastigotes require lipophosphoglycan to actively modulate the fusion properties of phagosomes at an early step of phagocytosis., Cell Microbiol, 2, 115, 10.1046/j.1462-5822.2000.00037.x · DOI
- N Courret, 2002, Biogenesis of Leishmania-harbouring parasitophorous vacuoles following phagocytosis of the metacyclic promastigote or amastigote stages of the parasites., J Cell Sci, 115, 2303, 10.1242/jcs.115.11.2303 · DOI
- R Lodge, 2005, Modulation of phagolysosome biogenesis by the lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania., Clin Immunol, 114, 256, 10.1016/j.clim.2004.07.018 · DOI
- S Scianimanico, 1999, Impaired recruitment of the small GTPase rab7 correlates with the inhibition of phagosome maturation by Leishmania donovani promastigotes., Cell Microbiol, 1, 19, 10.1046/j.1462-5822.1999.00002.x · DOI
- M Desjardins, 1997, Inhibition of phagolysosomal biogenesis by the Leishmania lipophosphoglycan., J Exp Med, 185, 2061, 10.1084/jem.185.12.2061 · DOI
- SJ Turco, 2001, Is lipophosphoglycan a virulence factor? A surprising diversity between Leishmania species., Trends Parasitol, 17, 223, 10.1016/S1471-4922(01)01895-5 · DOI
- G Chinetti, 2000, CLA-1/SR-BI is expressed in atherosclerotic lesion macrophages and regulated by activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors., Circulation, 101, 2411, 10.1161/01.CIR.101.20.2411 · DOI · Paper page
- ER Eckhardt, 2004, High density lipoprotein uptake by scavenger receptor SR-BII., J Biol Chem, 279, 14372, 10.1074/jbc.M313793200 · DOI
- K Fluiter, 1998, In vivo regulation of scavenger receptor BI and the selective uptake of high density lipoprotein cholesteryl esters in rat liver parenchymal and Kupffer cells., J Biol Chem, 273, 8434, 10.1074/jbc.273.14.8434 · DOI
- M Kristiansen, 2001, Identification of the haemoglobin scavenger receptor., Nature, 409, 198, 10.1038/35051594 · DOI · Paper page
- SM El Ghmati, 1996, Identification of haptoglobin as an alternative ligand for CD11b/CD18., J Immunol, 156, 2542, 10.4049/jimmunol.156.7.2542 · DOI
- ST Kunitake, 1994, Identification of proteins associated with apolipoprotein A-I-containing lipoproteins purified by selected-affinity immunosorption., Biochemistry, 33, 1988, 10.1021/bi00174a003 · DOI
- JC Antoine, 1998, The biogenesis and properties of the parasitophorous vacuoles that harbour Leishmania in murine macrophages., Trends Microbiol, 6, 392, 10.1016/S0966-842X(98)01324-9 · DOI
- MP Molina-Portela, 2008, Distinct roles of apolipoprotein components within the trypanosome lytic factor complex revealed in a novel transgenic mouse model., J Exp Med
- F Liu, 1999, Hydrodynamics-based transfection in animals by systemic administration of plasmid DNA., Gene Ther, 6, 1258, 10.1038/sj.gt.3300947 · DOI
- N Kobayashi, 2004, Hydrodynamics-based procedure involves transient hyperpermeability in the hepatic cellular membrane: implication of a nonspecific process in efficient intracellular gene delivery., J Gene Med, 6, 584, 10.1002/jgm.541 · DOI
- N Courret, 2001, Kinetics of the intracellular differentiation of Leishmania amazonensis and internalization of host MHC molecules by the intermediate parasite stages., Parasitology, 122, 263, 10.1017/S0031182001007387 · DOI
- KA Mullin, 2001, Regulated degradation of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein in a tubular lysosome in Leishmania mexicana., Mol Biol Cell, 12, 2364, 10.1091/mbc.12.8.2364 · DOI
- EG Shephard, 1987, Neutrophil association and degradation of normal and acute-phase high-density lipoprotein 3., Biochem J, 248, 919, 10.1042/bj2480919 · DOI
- SK Oh, 1990, Specific binding of haptoglobin to human neutrophils and its functional consequences., J Leukoc Biol, 47, 142, 10.1002/jlb.47.2.142 · DOI
- GM Kapler, 1990, Stable transfection of the human parasite Leishmania major delineates a 30-kilobase region sufficient for extrachromosomal replication and expression., Mol Cell Biol, 10, 1084, 10.1128/MCB.10.3.1084 · DOI
- GF Spath, 2001, A lipophosphoglycan-independent method for isolation of infective Leishmania metacyclic promastigotes by density gradient centrifugation., Exp Parasitol, 99, 97, 10.1006/expr.2001.4656 · DOI
- C Huynh, 2006, A Leishmania amazonensis ZIP family iron transporter is essential for parasite replication within macrophage phagolysosomes., J Exp Med, 203, 2363, 10.1084/jem.20060559 · DOI
- RJ Tushinski, 1982, Survival of mononuclear phagocytes depends on a lineage-specific growth factor that the differentiated cells selectively destroy., Cell, 28, 71, 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90376-2 · DOI
- EV Caler, 1998, Oligopeptidase B-dependent signaling mediates host cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi., Embo J, 17, 4975, 10.1093/emboj/17.17.4975 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Association of Trypanolytic ApoL1 Variants with Kidney Disease in African Americans
Genovese, G., Friedman, D. J., Ross, M. D., Lecordier, L., Uzureau, P., Freedman, B. I., Bowden, D. W., Langefeld, C. D., Oleksyk, T. K., Uscinski Knob, A. L., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1193032 · Cited by 2,028
Nazir, S., Jankowski, V., Bender, G., Zewinger, S., Rye, K.-A., & van der Vorst, E. P. C. (2020) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.006 · Cited by 140
Crosstalk between reverse cholesterol transport and innate immunity
Azzam, K. M., & Fessler, M. B. (2012) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2012.02.001 · Cited by 96
Tolerance to trypanosomatids: a threat, or a key for disease elimination?
Berthier, D., Brenière, S. F., Bras-Gonçalves, R., Lemesre, J.-L., Jamonneau, V., Solano, P., Lejon, V., Thévenon, S., & Bucheton, B. (2016) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2015.11.001 · Cited by 65
Strickland, M. R., Wang, Z., Golden, L. R., Wang, H., Lu, P., Ren, Y., Tabor, G. T., Zhao, N., Ulrich, J. D., Han, X., et al. (2026) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2026.101000 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Samanovic, M., Molina-Portela, M. P., Chessler, A.-D. C., Burleigh, B. A., & Raper, J.
- Venue
- PLoS Pathogens
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2009-01-23
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e1000276
- ISSN
- 1553-7374
- PMC
- PMC2622765
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 1
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review