The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Comparison of Specific Gravity and Creatinine for Normalizing Urinary Reproductive Hormone Concentrations
Open accessAbstract
Background: Specific gravity (SG) may perform as well as creatinine (CR) correction for adjusting urinary hormone concentrations, as well as offer some advantages. We compared the two methods and applied them to US and Bangladeshi specimens to evaluate their use in different populations. Methods: Pearson correlations between serum concentrations and SG, CR, and uncorrected urinary concentrations were compared using paired daily urine and serum specimens from one menstrual cycle from 30 US women. Corrected urinary estrone conjugate and pregnanediol glucuronide concentrations were compared with serum estradiol and progesterone. Urine specimens across one menstrual cycle from 13 Bangladeshi women were used to evaluate the applicability of both methods to a nonindustrialized population. Linear mixed-effects models were used to compare CR and SG values in the Bangladeshi vs US specimens. Results: There was no significant difference between SG-corrected vs serum and CR-corrected vs serum correlations for either assay. Usable CR results were obtained for all US specimens, but 37% of the Bangladeshi specimens were below the CR assay limit of detection. The Bangladeshi sample had significantly lower CR and higher inter- and intrasubject CR variability than the US sample. Conclusions: SG is a potentially useful alternative to CR correction for normalizing urinary steroid hormone concentrations, particularly in settings where CR values are highly variable or unusually low.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Prediction of Creatinine Clearance from Serum Creatinine
Cockcroft, D. W., & Gault, H. (1976) · Nephron · doi:10.1159/000180580 · Cited by 15,309
Boeniger, M. F., Lowry, L. K., & Rosenberg, J. (1993) · American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal · doi:10.1080/15298669391355134 · Cited by 652
A MICROCOLORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF CREATINE IN URINE BY THE JAFFE REACTION
Taussky, H. H., & Kurzmann, G. (1954) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65610-8 · Cited by 609
Munro, C. J., Stabenfeldt, G. H., Cragun, J. R., Addiego, L. A., Overstreet, J. W., & Lasley, B. L. (1991) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/37.6.838 · Cited by 422
James, G. D., Sealey, J. E., Alderman, M., Ljungman, S., Mueller, F. B., Pecker, M. S., & Laragh, J. H. (1988) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/1.2.124 · Cited by 203
Constancy of urinary creatinine excretion.
VESTERGAARD, P., & LEVERETT, R. (1958) · PubMed · Cited by 201
Creatinine excretion: variability and relationships to diet and body size.
Bleiler, R. E., & Schedl, H. P. (1962) · PubMed · Cited by 173
Variability of 24‐Hour Urinary Creatinine Excretion by Normal Subjects
Greenblatt, D. J., Ransil, B. J., Harmatz, J. S., Smith, T. W., Duhme, D. W., & Koch‐Weser, J. (1976) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1976.tb01527.x · Cited by 142
Pronounced increase in serum creatinine concentration after eating cooked meat.
JACOBSEN, F., Christensen, C., Mogensen, C. E., Andreasen, F., & Heilskov, N. S. C. (1979) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.6170.1049 · Cited by 122
Urinary Estrone Conjugate and Pregnanediol 3-Glucuronide Enzyme Immunoassays for Population Research
O’Connor, K. A., Brindle, E., Holman, D. J., Klein, N. A., Soules, M. R., Campbell, K. L., Kohen, F., Munro, C. J., Shofer, J. B., Lasley, B. L., et al. (2003) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/49.7.1139 · Cited by 110
Self-citation
Cited by
Adams, J. B., Audhya, T., McDonough-Means, S., Rubin, R. A., Quig, D., Geis, E., Gehn, E., Loresto, M., Mitchell, J., Atwood, S., et al. (2011) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-8-34 · Cited by 442
Mass spectrometric based approaches in urine metabolomics and biomarker discovery
Khamis, M. M., Adamko, D. J., & El‐Aneed, A. (2017) · Mass Spectrometry Reviews · doi:10.1002/mas.21455 · Cited by 342
Normalization strategies for metabonomic analysis of urine samples
Warrack, B. M., Hnatyshyn, S., Ott, K.-H., Reily, M. D., Sanders, M., Zhang, H., & Drexler, D. M. (2009) · Journal of Chromatography B · doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.01.007 · Cited by 332
De Souza, M. J., Toombs, R. J., Scheid, J. L., O'Donnell, E., West, S. L., & Williams, N. I. (2010) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dep411 · Cited by 305
Wolff, M. S., Teitelbaum, S. L., Pinney, S. M., Windham, G., Liao, L., Biro, F., Kushi, L. H., Erdmann, C., Hiatt, R. A., Rybak, M. E., et al. (2010) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0901690 · Cited by 301
Metadata
- Authors
- Miller, R. C., Brindle, E., Holman, D. J., Shofer, J., Klein, N. A., Soules, M. R., & O’Connor, K. A.
- Venue
- Clinical Chemistry
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-05-01
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 924-932
- ISSN
- 0009-9147 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-8561
- OpenAlex
- W2119008756
- Cited by
- 317
- References
- 25
- FWCI
- 3.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Comparison of Specific Gravity and Creatinine for Normalizing Urinary Reproductive Hormone Concentrations. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1373/clinchem.2004.032292
- The paper
- Miller, R. C., Brindle, E., Holman, D. J., Shofer, J., Klein, N. A., Soules, M. R., & O’Connor, K. A. (2004). Comparison of Specific Gravity and Creatinine for Normalizing Urinary Reproductive Hormone Concentrations. Clinical Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.032292
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
