The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sex and Age Differences in Lipoprotein Subclasses Measured by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: The Framingham Study
Abstract
Background: The sex differential in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, which is not explained by male/female differences in lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, narrows with age. We examined whether this differential CHD risk might, in part, be attributable to the sizes of lipoprotein particles or concentrations of lipoprotein subclasses. Methods: We analyzed frozen plasma samples from 1574 men and 1692 women from exam cycle 4 (1988–1990) of the Framingham Offspring Study. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to determine the subclass concentrations and mean sizes of VLDL, LDL, and HDL particles. Concentrations of lipids and apolipoproteins were measured by standard chemical methods. Results: In addition to the expected sex differences in concentrations of triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol, women also had a lower-risk subclass profile consisting of larger LDL (0.4 nm) and HDL (0.5 nm) particles. The sex difference was most pronounced for HDL, with women having a twofold higher (8 vs 4 μmol/L) concentration of large HDL particles than men. Furthermore, similar to the narrowing of the sex difference in CHD risk with age, the observed male/female difference in HDL particle size also decreased with age. Although lipoprotein particle sizes were highly correlated with lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, the sex differences in the mean sizes of lipoprotein particles persisted (P <0.001) even after adjustment for lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. Conclusions: Women have a less atherogenic subclass profile than men, even after accounting for differences in lipid concentrations.
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Cites
Gardner, C. D. (1996) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540110029028 · Cited by 843 · cited 1×
“Lipoprotein particle size VLDL, nm 48 ( 9 ) 44 (8) 4c 2c”
Griffin, B. A., Freeman, D. J., Tait, G. W., Thomson, J., Caslake, M. J., Packard, C. J., & Shepherd, J. (1994) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(94)90129-5 · Cited by 525
Risk factors that attenuate the female coronary disease advantage
Kannel, W. B. (1995) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1995.00430010063008 · Cited by 381 · cited 2×
“The sex differential in coronary heart disease (CHD)(6) narrows with age, but the death rate among women never exceeds that of men (1, 2).”
BackgroundDefective regulation of triglyceride metabolism by insulin in the liver in NIDDM.
Malmström, R., Packard, C. J., Caslake, M., Bedford, D., Stewart, P., Yki-Järvinen, H., Shepherd, J., & Taskinen, M.-R. (1997) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250050700 · Cited by 319
McNamara, J. R., Small, D. M., Li, Z., & Schaefer, E. J. (1996) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)37557-x · Cited by 147
Self-citationAustin, M. A., Rodriguez, B. L., McKnight, B., McNeely, M. J., Edwards, K. L., Curb, J. D., & Sharp, D. S. (2000) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(00)00956-5 · Cited by 129
Cited by
Insights From the NHLBI-Sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study
Shaw, L. J., Bairey Merz, C. N., Pepine, C. J., Reis, S. E., Bittner, V., Kelsey, S. F., Olson, M., Johnson, B. D., Mankad, S., Sharaf, B. L., et al. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.01.072 · Cited by 721
Beyond Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Arsenault, B. J., Rana, J. S., Stroes, E. S. G., Després, J.-P., Shah, P. K., Kastelein, J. J. P., Wareham, N. J., Boekholdt, S. M., & Khaw, K.-T. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.07.057 · Cited by 342
Contois, J. H., McConnell, J. P., Sethi, A. A., Csako, G., Devaraj, S., Hoefner, D. M., & Warnick, G. R. (2009) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.118356 · Cited by 326
XX sex chromosome complement promotes atherosclerosis in mice
AlSiraj, Y., Chen, X., Thatcher, S. E., Temel, R. E., Cai, L., Blalock, E., Katz, W., Ali, H. M., Petriello, M., Deng, P., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10462-z · Cited by 268
El Harchaoui, K., van der Steeg, W. A., Stroes, E. S. G., Kuivenhoven, J. A., Otvos, J. D., Wareham, N. J., Hutten, B. A., Kastelein, J. J. P., Khaw, K.-T., & Boekholdt, S. M. (2007) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.09.043 · Cited by 239
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Freedman, D. S., Otvos, J. D., Jeyarajah, E. J., Shalaurova, I., Cupples, L. A., Parise, H., D’Agostino, R. B., Wilson, P. W. F., & Schaefer, E. J.
- Venue
- Clinical Chemistry
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-07-01
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1189-1200
- ISSN
- 0009-9147 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-8561
- OpenAlex
- W2162705046
- Cited by
- 304
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 19.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Freedman, D. S., Otvos, J. D., Jeyarajah, E. J., Shalaurova, I., Cupples, L. A., Parise, H., D’Agostino, R. B., Wilson, P. W. F., & Schaefer, E. J. (2004). Sex and Age Differences in Lipoprotein Subclasses Measured by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: The Framingham Study. Clinical Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.032763
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