Value of Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Number and Size as Predictors of Coronary Artery Disease in Apparently Healthy Men and Women
Open accessAbstract
Objectives We assessed relations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle number (LDL-P) and LDL particle size as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and the risk of future coronary artery disease (CAD).Background Whereas LDL-C is an established risk factor for CAD, its discriminative power is limited. Measuring LDL-P and size may have stronger associations with CAD than LDL-C.Methods A nested case-control study was performed in the prospective EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)-Norfolk study, which comprises 25,663 subjects. Cases (n = 1,003) were individuals who developed CAD during 6 year follow-up. Control subjects (n = 1,885) were matched for age, gender, and enrollment time. Odds ratios (ORs) for future CAD were calculated, and we also evaluated whether LDL-P could improve the Framingham risk score (FRS) to predict CAD.Results In univariate analyses, LDL-P (OR 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.58 to 2.59) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.69 to 2.69) were more closely associated with CAD than LDL-C (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.18). The additional value of LDL-P was lost after adjustment for HDL-C and triglyceride levels. Whereas LDL size was inversely related to CAD (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.76), this relation was abolished upon adjustment for LDL-P. In a model adjusted for the FRS, LDL-P retained its association with CAD (p for trend 0.02).Conclusions In this large study of individuals with moderately elevated LDL-C, LDL-P was related to CAD on top of FRS as well as after adjusting for LDL-C. The additional value of LDL-P was comparable to non-HDL-C, and it was abolished after adjusting for triglycerides and HDL-C.
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From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [253]
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- Authors
- El Harchaoui, K., van der Steeg, W. A., Stroes, E. S. G., Kuivenhoven, J. A., Otvos, J. D., Wareham, N. J., Hutten, B. A., Kastelein, J. J. P., Khaw, K.-T., & Boekholdt, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- MRC Epidemiology Unit (GB)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Kastelein, John J.P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-02
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 547-553
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2109806543
- Cited by
- 239
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 27.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Keywords
- LDL particle size, coronary artery disease, LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, cardiovascular risk prediction, Framingham risk score, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, EPIC-Norfolk cohort
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Cholesterol, Coronary Artery Disease, Female, Humans, Lipoproteins, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Particle Size, Risk Factors, Triglycerides, Cohort Studies, Biomarkers, Case-Control Studies
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