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Quantification of Thyroglobulin, a Low-Abundance Serum Protein, by Immunoaffinity Peptide Enrichment and Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Open accessAbstract
Background: Quantification of serum tumor markers plays an important role in determining whether patients treated for cancer require further therapy. Whereas large-scale proteomic efforts aim to identify novel tumor markers to facilitate early detection, optimization of methods for quantifying known tumor markers offers another approach to improving management of malignancies. For example, immunoassays used in clinical practice to measure established tumor markers suffer from potential interference from endogenous immunoglobulins and imperfect concordance across platforms—problems that also plague many other immunoassays. To address these important limitations, this study used peptide immunoaffinity enrichment in concert with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify thyroglobulin, a well-characterized tumor marker. Methods: We identified 3 peptides in tryptic digests of thyroglobulin that were detected at low concentrations by tandem mass spectrometry, raised polyclonal antibodies to those peptides, and used the antibodies to extract the 3 corresponding peptides from tryptic digests of human serum. We quantified each endogenous peptide using LC-MS/MS and multiple reaction monitoring with external calibrators. Results: The detection limit for endogenous thyroglobulin in serum was 2.6 μg/L (4 pmol/L). Direct comparison with immunoassay revealed good correlation (r2 = 0.81). Conclusions: Immunoaffinity peptide enrichment–tandem mass spectrometry can detect tryptic peptides of thyroglobulin at picomolar concentrations while also digesting the endogenous immunoglobulins that can potentially interfere with traditional immunoassays. Our observations suggest a general analytical strategy for using immunoaffinity isolation together with tandem mass spectrometry to quantify tumor antigens and other low-abundance proteins in human serum.
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“Most known neosubstrate proteins have been identified through proteomic analyses of different cell lineages11,15,165,166.”
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“Chaotropic agents such as urea and GnHCl have been traditionally used [14]; and other alternatives, such as heat denature [15] and the addition of surfactant [16] or organic solvents [17] have also been reported.”
MethodWang, Y., & Heilig, J. S. (2012) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2012.06.018 · Cited by 19
Integration of proteomics in the molecular tumor board
Thiery, J., & Fahrner, M. (2023) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.202300002 · Cited by 21
“Measurementofserumthyroglobulin[96,97].”
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
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Recent Progress in Selected Reaction Monitoring MS-Driven Plasma Protein Biomarker Analysis
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CLARK, P. M. S. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.2008.058024 · Cited by 17
Serum thyroglobulin in the monitoring of differentiated thyroid cancer
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Analytical and clinical performance of thyroglobulin autoantibody assays in thyroid cancer follow-up
Katrangi, W., Grebe, S. K. G., & Algeciras‐Schimnich, A. (2017) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2017-0034 · Cited by 17
Petrovic, I., LoPresti, J. S., Fatemi, S., Gianoukakis, A. G., Burman, K. D., Gomes-Lima, C. J., Nguyen, C. T., & Spencer, C. A. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae286 · Cited by 16
Protein Target Quantification Decision Tree
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Cancer Proteomics and the Elusive Diagnostic Biomarkers
Bradshaw, R. A., Hondermarck, H., & Rodriguez, H. (2019) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.201800445 · Cited by 16
Tutorial review for peptide assays: An ounce of pre-analytics is worth a pound of cure
Maurer, J., Grouzmann, E., & Eugster, P. J. (2023) · Journal of Chromatography B · doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123904 · Cited by 15
Quantification of Proteins Using Peptide Immunoaffinity Enrichment Coupled with Mass Spectrometry
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Thyroglobulin Assay Interferences: Clinical Usefulness of Mass-Spectrometry Methods
Barbesino, G., Algeciras‐Schimnich, A., & Bornhorst, J. A. (2022) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvac169 · Cited by 14
“All TgMS assays were run with the Mayo Clinic Laboratories assay as previously described [9, 22].”
BackgroundMethodAntibodies as means for selective mass spectrometry
Boström, T., Ottosson, J. E. A., & Hober, S. (2015) · Journal of Chromatography B · doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.10.042 · Cited by 14
Applications of Low-Flow LC–SRM for The Analysis of Large Molecules in Pharmaceutical R&D
Lassman, M. E., & Fernández‐Metzler, C. (2014) · Bioanalysis · doi:10.4155/bio.14.141 · Cited by 14
The pros and cons of increased trypsin-to-protein ratio in targeted protein analysis
Egeland, S. V., Reubsaet, L., & Halvorsen, T. G. (2016) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2016.02.011 · Cited by 14
Kuhn, E. W., & Carr, S. A. (2016) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3524-6_9 · Cited by 14
Kam, R. K. T., Ho, C. S., & Chan, M. H. M. (2016) · PubMed Central · Cited by 14
An, B., Zhang, M., Pu, J., Shen, S., Qu, Y., Chen, Y.-J., Huo, S., Wang, X., Polli, J. R., Balthasar, J. P., et al. (2019) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05046 · Cited by 14
Gianoukakis, A. G., Giannelli, S. M., Salameh, W. A., & McPhaul, L. (2010) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2010.11.009 · Cited by 14
“Due to the poor reliability of Tg measurements by IMA or RIA, ecent attempts have been made to measure Tg by mass spectromtry (Hoofnagle et al., 2008; Clarke et al., 2010).”
MethodTo elute or not to elute in immunocapture bottom-up LC–MS
Levernæs, M. C. S., Broughton, M. N., Reubsaet, L., & Halvorsen, T. G. (2017) · Journal of Chromatography B · doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.03.044 · Cited by 14
Wheeler, S., Liu, L., Blair, H. C., Sivak, R. A., Longo, N., Tischler, J., Mulvey, K., & Palmer, O. M. P. (2017) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-017-3050-6 · Cited by 14
Zhao, Y., Gu, H., Zheng, N., & Zeng, J. (2018) · Bioanalysis · doi:10.4155/bio-2018-0062 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Hoofnagle, A. N., Becker, J. O., Wener, M. H., & Heinecke, J. W.
- Affiliations
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hoofnagle, Andrew N
- Venue
- Clinical Chemistry
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-11-01
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1796-1804
- ISSN
- 0009-9147 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-8561
- PMC
- PMC2739673
- OpenAlex
- W2167033601
- Cited by
- 314
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 10.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Clinical Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Washington
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- thyroglobulin, tumor markers, immunoassay interference, polyclonal antibodies, tryptic peptides, multiple reaction monitoring, detection limit
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Chromatography, Affinity, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Humans, Immunoassay, Peptide Fragments, Peptide Mapping, Reference Standards, Sensitivity and Specificity, Thyroglobulin, Reproducibility of Results, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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