The uninsured do not use the emergency department more—they use other care less.
Open accessAbstract
There is a popular perception that insurance coverage will reduce overuse of the emergency department (ED). Both opponents and advocates of expanding insurance coverage under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) have made statements to the effect that EDs have been jammed with the uninsured and that paying for the uninsured population's emergency care has burdened the health care system as a result of the expense of that care. It has therefore been surprising to many to encounter evidence that insurance coverage increases ED use instead of decreasing it. Two facts may help explain this unexpected finding. First, there is a common misperception that the uninsured use the ED more than the insured. In fact, insured and uninsured adults use the ED at very similar rates and in very similar circumstances-and the uninsured use the ED substantially less than the Medicaid population. Second, while the uninsured do not use the ED more than the insured, they do use other types of care much less than the insured.
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Before the pandemic, persons without insurance sought medical care much less frequently than did those with insurance.
“Before the pandemic, persons without insurance sought medical care much less frequently than did those with insurance (10), resulting in fewer opportunities for medical care delay or avoidance.”
From Delay or avoidance of medical care because of COVID-19–related concerns—United States, June 2020. (2020) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Zhou, R. A., Baicker, K., Taubman, S., & Finkelstein, A. N.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Katherine Baicker () is dean of and the Emmett Dedmon Professor in the Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago, in Illinois.
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Health Affairs
- Publisher
- Health Affairs Publishing, LLC
- Published
- 2017-12
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2115-2122
- ISSN
- 0278-2715 (ISSN-L)
- 1544-5208
- PMC
- PMC5754025
- OpenAlex
- W2772799010
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 9.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Health Affairs (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (RC2AG036631, R01AG034151, P30AG012810)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Healthcare Policy and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Trauma and Emergency Care Studies
- Keywords
- uninsured population, emergency department utilization, insurance coverage, Affordable Care Act, Medicaid, health care utilization, overuse of health care
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Insurance, Health, Male, Medicaid, Middle Aged, Primary Health Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, Medically Uninsured, Insurance Coverage
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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