Muscular effects of vitamin D in young athletes and non-athletes and in the elderly
Open accessAbstract
Muscles are major targets of vitamin D. Exposure of skeletal muscles to vitamin D induces the expression of multiple myogenic transcription factors enhancing muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. At the same time vitamin D suppresses the expression of myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle mass. Moreover, vitamin D increases the number of type II or fast twitch muscle cells and in particular that of type IIA cells, while its deficiency causes type IIA cell atrophy. Furthermore, vitamin D supplementation in young males with low vitamin D levels increases the percentage of type IIA fibers in muscles, causing an increase in muscular high power output. Vitamin D levels are strongly associated with exercise performance in athletes and physically active individuals. In the elderly and in adults below the age of 65, several studies have established a close association between vitamin D levels and neuromuscular coordination. The aim of this review is to appraise our current understanding of the significance of vitamin D on muscular performance in both older and frail individuals as well as in younger adults, athletes or non-athletes with regard to both ordinary everyday musculoskeletal tasks and peak athletic performance.
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Koundourakis et al. found a significant linear relationship between VO2max and the level of vitamin D in professional soccer players.
“Koundourakis et al. [44] also found a significant linear relationship between VO2max and the level of vitamin D in professional soccer players.”
From Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players (2020) · cites this paper as [44]
Soccer is characterized by the continuous combination of short sprints, rapid accelerations/decelerations and changes of direction interspersed with jumping, kicking, tackling and informal times for recovery.
“Soccer is characterized by the continuous combination of short sprints, rapid accelerations/decelerations and changes of direction interspersed with jumping, kicking, tackling and informal times for recovery [44,45].”
From Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players (2020) · cites this paper as [44]
Distances of approximately 10 km covered during the match at different intensities are able to stimulate both the aerobic and anaerobic systems.
“Distances of approximately 10 km covered during the match at different intensities are able to stimulate both the aerobic and anaerobic systems [44,45].”
From Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players (2020) · cites this paper as [44]
Fast-twitch muscle fibres are the major determinant of explosive strength, which results in high power output and fast muscle contractions.
“This type of fibres are the major determinant of explosive strength, which results in high power output and fast muscle contractions [32,44].”
From Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players (2020) · cites this paper as [44]
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Michalczyk, M. M., Gołaś, A., Maszczyk, A., Kaczka, P., & Zając, A. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12051311 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
- Authors
- Koundourakis, N. E., Avgoustinaki, P. D., Malliaraki, N., & Margioris, A. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Crete (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Margioris, Andrew N.
- Venue
- Hormones
- Published
- 2016-10
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 471-488
- ISSN
- 1109-3099 (ISSN-L)
- 2520-8721
- OpenAlex
- W2589410325
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 0.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- HORMONES (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- vitamin D, skeletal muscle, muscle fiber type, myostatin, myogenic transcription factors, muscle atrophy, vitamin D supplementation, exercise performance, athletes, older adults, frailty, neuromuscular coordination, muscle power output
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aging, Animals, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Vitamin D, Muscle, Skeletal, Mice, Athletic Performance, Young Adult, Sarcopenia
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