Summary of the NACI Update on the Recommended Use of Hepatitis B Vaccine
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BACKGROUND: Infant and adolescent hepatitis B (HB) immunization programs have been successfully implemented in all Canadian provinces and territories since the 1990s. Following the introduction of universal immunization programs, the incidence of HB has decreased in all age groups. However, the duration of protection against chronic infection, as measured by preserved T- and B-cell memory, remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To review the evidence on long-term protection against HB in adolescents who received routine immunization in infancy, determine the level of risk of HB infection in Canadians with diabetes and assess the timing of re-vaccination of individuals with immunocompromising conditions. METHODS: The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Hepatitis Working Group reviewed key questions and performed an evidence review and synthesis. In consideration of the burden of illness to be prevented, the target population and issues related to safety, immunogenicity, efficacy and effectiveness of the vaccine, the group proposed recommendations for vaccine use to NACI. All evidence was rated and summarized in tables. NACI approved specific evidence-based recommendations and elucidated the rationale and relevant considerations in the Statement update. RESULTS: In addition to the epidemiological data assessment, NACI reviewed evidence from efficacy and effectiveness studies with up to 30 years of follow-up data as well as data from 39 publications on immune response following the administration of a HB booster dose in individuals who were immunized as infants. Based on the conducted review, NACI did not find evidence that would support a change to its current recommendation that there is no need for routine booster immunization of individuals immunized in infancy and that there is no evidence to support preferential immunization schedules or routine immunization of individuals with diabetes. CONCLUSION: NACI now recommends that following immunization of immunocompromised individuals, initial annual monitoring of HB antibody levels may be considered.
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For hepatitis B virus, which has an incubation period of 6 weeks to 6 months, a vaccinated individual is usually protected following vaccination even if exposure to the virus occurs some time after vaccination and the levels of vaccine-induced antibody have already waned.
“in the case of HBV, which has an incubation period of 6 weeks to 6 months, a vaccinated individual is usually protected following vaccination even if exposure to the virus occurs some time after vaccination and the levels of vaccine-induced antibody have already waned41.”
From A guide to vaccinology: from basic principles to new developments (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
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- Authors
- Henry, B., & Baclic, O.
- Affiliations
- Public Health Agency of Canada (CA)
- ORCID
- Henry, B
- Venue
- Canada Communicable Disease Report
- Published
- 2017-05-04
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 104-106
- ISSN
- 1188-4169 (ISSN-L)
- 1481-8531
- PMC
- PMC5864278
- OpenAlex
- W2793017596
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 0.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Canada Communicable Disease Report (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Public Health Agency of Canada
- Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada
- Public Health Agency
- Canadian Armed Forces
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Health Canada
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Intramuscular injections and effects
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Keywords
- hepatitis B vaccine, long-term vaccine protection, booster vaccination, adolescents, diabetes mellitus, immunocompromised patients, vaccination schedule
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