The blood pressure-elevating effect of red bull energy drink is mimicked by caffeine but through different hemodynamic pathways
Open accessAbstract
The energy drink Red Bull (RB) has recently been shown to elevate resting blood pressure (BP) and double product (reflecting increased myocardial load). However, the extent to which these effects can be explained by the drink's caffeine and sugar content remains to be determined. We compared the cardiovascular impact of RB to those of a comparable amount of caffeine, and its sugar-free version in eight young healthy men. Participants attended four experimental sessions on separate days according to a placebo-controlled randomized crossover study design. Beat-to-beat hemodynamic measurements were made continuously for 30 min at baseline and for 2 h following ingestion of 355 mL of either (1) RB + placebo; (2) sugar-free RB + placebo; (3) water + 120 mg caffeine, or (4) water + placebo. RB, sugar-free RB, and water + caffeine increased BP equally (3-4 mmHg) in comparison to water + placebo (P < 0.001). RB increased heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, double product, and cardiac contractility, but decreased total peripheral resistance (TPR) (all P < 0.01), with no such changes observed following the other interventions. Conversely, sugar-free RB and water + caffeine both increased TPR in comparison to the water + placebo control (P < 0.05). While the impact of RB on BP is the same as that of a comparable quantity of caffeine, the increase occurs through different hemodynamic pathways with RB's effects primarily on cardiac parameters, while caffeine elicits primarily vascular effects. Additionally, the auxiliary components of RB (taurine, glucuronolactone, and B-group vitamins) do not appear to influence these pathways.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The European Commission's Scientific Committee of Food Safety Authority and Health Canada both recommend that women consume no more than 300 mg of caffeine/day during pregnancy.
“The European Commission’s Scientific Committee of Food Safety Authority and Health Canada both recommend that women consume no more than 300 mg of caffeine/day during pregnancy (121, 253).”
From The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review (2017) · cites this paper as [253]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Development and evaluation of an impedance cardiac output system.
Kubicek, W. G., Karnegis, J. N., PATTERSON, R. P., Witsoe, D. A., & Mattson, R. H. (1966) · PubMed · Cited by 1,143 · see citing works
Energy Beverages: Content and Safety
Higgins, J. P., Tuttle, T. D., & Higgins, C. L. (2010) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0381 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
The effects of red bull energy drink on human performance and mood
Alford, C., Cox, H., & Wescott, R. (2001) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s007260170021 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Heckman, M. A., Sherry, K., & de Mejı́a, E. G. (2010) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00111.x · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Guidelines for optimizing design and analysis of clinical studies of nutrient effects
Heaney, R. P. (2013) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/nure.12090 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Fortin, J., Habenbacher, W., Heller, A., Hacker, A., Grüllenberger, R., Innerhofer, J., Passath, H., Wagner, C., Haitchi, G., Flotzinger, D., et al. (2005) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2005.06.001 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Taurine in health and diseases: consistent evidence from experimental and epidemiological studies
Yamori, Y., Taguchi, T., Hamada, A., Kunimasa, K., Mori, H., & Mori, M. (2010) · Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1186/1423-0127-17-s1-s6 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Breda, J., Whiting, S., Encarnação, R., Norberg, S., Jones, R., Reinap, M., & Jewell, J. M. (2014) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00134 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Baum, M., & Weiß, M. (2001) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s007260170067 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Review of Published Cases of Adverse Cardiovascular Events after Ingestion of Energy Drinks
Goldfarb, M., Tellier, C., & Thanassoulis, G. (2014) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.08.058 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Steinke, L., Lanfear, D. E., Dhanapal, V., & Kalus, J. S. (2009) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1345/aph.1l614 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Effects of caffeine on vascular resistance, cardiac output and myocardial contractility in young men
Pincomb, G. A., Lovallo, W. R., Passey, R. B., Whitsett, T. L., Silverstein, S. M., & Wilson, M. F. (1985) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(85)90578-8 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Grasser, E. K., Yepuri, G., Dulloo, A. G., & Montani, J. (2014) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-014-0661-8 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Fujita, T., Ando, K., Noda, H., Ito, Y., & Sato, Y. (1987) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.75.3.525 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Effect of red bull energy drink on cardiovascular and renal function
Ragsdale, F. R., Gronli, T. D., Batool, N., Haight, N., Mehaffey, A., McMahon, E. C., Nalli, T. W., Mannello, C. M., Sell, C. J., McCann, P. J., et al. (2010) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-009-0330-z · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Impedance cardiography as a noninvasive means to monitor cardiac function.
Kubicek, W. G., From, A. H. L., PATTERSON, R. P., Witsoe, D. A., Castaneda, A., Lillehei, R. C., & Ersek, R. A. (1970) · PubMed · Cited by 91 · see citing works
A rapid and simple determination of caffeine in teas, coffees and eight beverages
Sereshti, H., & Samadi, S. (2014) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.095 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Effects of caffeine on blood pressure response during exercise in normotensive healthy young men
Sung, B. H., Lovallo, W. R., Pincomb, G. A., & Wilson, M. F. (1990) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(90)91435-9 · Cited by 81 · cited 2× · see citing works
“This finding is supported by numerous other studies, such as those of Pincomb et al. (1985), and Sung et al. (1990)), who observed a decrease in HR and increase in BP and peripheral vascular resistance, with no change in stroke volume, cardiac output, or contractility, in response to 3.3 mg/kg of…”
InfluentialEffect of taurine and potential interactions with caffeine on cardiovascular function
Schaffer, S. W., Shimada, K., Jong, C. J., Ito, T., Azuma, J., & Takahashi, K. (2014) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-014-1708-0 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Franks, A. M., Schmidt, J. M., McCain, K. R., & Fraer, M. (2012) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1345/aph.1q555 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Performance outcomes and unwanted side effects associated with energy drinks
Mora‐Rodríguez, R., & Pallarés, J. G. (2014) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/nure.12132 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Grasser, E. K., Dulloo, A. G., & Montani, J. (2014) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.10.017 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Influence of energy drink ingredients on mood and cognitive performance
Childs, E. (2014) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/nure.12148 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Girona, M., Grasser, E. K., Dulloo, A. G., & Montani, J. P. (2014) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.12290 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Anteroventral third ventricle lesions abolish lumbar sympathetic responses to insulin.
Muntzel, M., Beltz, T., Mark, A. L., & Johnson, A. K. (1994) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.23.6.1059 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Grasser, E. K., Dulloo, A. G., & Montani, J. (2014) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114514000622 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Caffeine ingestion impairs insulin sensitivity in a dose-dependent manner in both men and women
Beaudoin, M., Allen, B., Mazzetti, G., Sullivan, P. J., & Graham, T. E. (2012) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2012-0201 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Vochyánová, B., Opekar, F., & Tůma, P. (2013) · Electrophoresis · doi:10.1002/elps.201300480 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Determination of Caffeine in Some Sudanese Beverages by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Ali, M. M., Eisa, M., Tah, M. I., Zaka, B. A., & Elba, A. A. (2012) · Pakistan Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3923/pjn.2012.336.342 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Baroreflex stabilization of the double product
Vliet, B. N. V., & Montani, J. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1999.277.5.h1679 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Giacomin, E., Palmerini, E., Ballo, P., Zacà, V., Bova, G., & Mondillo, S. (2008) · Cardiovascular Ultrasound · doi:10.1186/1476-7120-6-9 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Menci, D., Righini, F. M., Cameli, M., Lisi, M., Benincasa, S., Focardi, M., & Mondillo, S. (2013) · Journal of Amino Acids · doi:10.1155/2013/646703 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Presyncopal cardiac contractility and autonomic activity in young healthy males
Grasser, E. K., Goswami, N., & Hinghofer-Szalkay, H. G. (2009) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.931591 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Olateju, T. O., Begley, J., Green, D. J., & Kerr, D. E. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2014.07.220 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The effect of insulin on the heart
Klein, L. J., & Visser, F. C. (2010) · Netherlands Heart Journal · doi:10.1007/bf03091761 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Ionică, M. E., Trandafir, I., & Nour, V. (2010) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Load dependence of left ventricular contraction and relaxation.¶Effects of caffeine
Leite-Moreira, A. F., Correia‐Pinto, J., & Gillebert, T. C. (1999) · Basic Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s003950050154 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
THE PRESSOR RESPONSE TO VENOUS CANNULATION: ATTENUATION BY PRIOR INFILTRATION WITH LOCAL ANAESTHETIC
Langham, B. T., & HARRISON, D. A. (1993) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/70.5.519 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Miles-Chan, J. L., Charrière, N., Grasser, E. K., Montani, J., & Dulloo, A. G. (2014) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20905 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Glutamate and Caffeine intake of Some Snacks and Drinks in Saudi Arabia
Hassan, M. I., & Al-Abbad, N. A. (2011) · Food and Nutrition Sciences · doi:10.4236/fns.2011.22023 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review
Temple, J. L., Bernard, C., Lipshultz, S. E., Czachor, J. D., Westphal, J. A., & Mestre, M. A. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00080 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Caffeine and cardiovascular health
Turnbull, D., Rodricks, J. V., Mariano, G. F., & Chowdhury, F. (2017) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.07.025 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Caffeine and cardiovascular diseases: critical review of current research
Zulli, A., Smith, R. M., Kubatka, P., Novák, J., Uehara, Y., Loftus, H., Qaradakhi, T., Pohanka, M., Kobyliak, N. M., Zagatina, A., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1179-z · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“This is a result of increase in total peripheral resistance [40, 79], which occurs without any concomitant increase in stroke volume or cardiac output, although heart rate is reported to”
Energy Drinks and Their Impact on the Cardiovascular System: Potential Mechanisms
Grasser, E. K., Miles-Chan, J. L., Charrière, N., Loonam, C., Dulloo, A. G., & Montani, J. (2016) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.116.012526 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“In agreement with the findings of our study (19) on the predominantly myocardial effects of sugar-sweetened EDs are the following: 1) a report that the consumption of a sugarsweetened Monster ED (Monster Beverage; 2.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialEhlers, A., Marakis, G. N., Lampen, A., & Hirsch‐Ernst, K. I. (2019) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.028 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Gutiérrez‐Hellín, J., & Varillas‐Delgado, D. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13030715 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“In addition, the auxiliary components of Red Bull® (taurine, glucuronide, and group B vitamins) do not seem to affect these pathways [126].”
BackgroundCardiac damage in athlete’s heart: When the “supernormal” heart fails!
Carbone, A., D’Andrea, A., Riegler, L., Scarafile, R., Pezzullo, E., Martone, F., America, R., Liccardo, B., Galderisi, M., Bossone, E., et al. (2017) · World Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.4330/wjc.v9.i6.470 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Nowak, D., Gośliński, M., & Nowatkowska, K. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15030544 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Students who consumed 355 mL EDs (with sugar or sugar-free) as well as water with caffeine (120 mg) had 3–4 mm Hg higher BP in comparison to consumption of pure water [21].”
BackgroundInfluentialEnergy Drinks and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of Current Literature
Mangi, M. A., Rehman, H., Rafique, M., & Illovsky, M. (2017) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.1322 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Arrhythmogenic effects of energy drinks
Enriquez, A. A., & Frankel, D. S. (2017) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/jce.13210 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Acute effects of energy drinks in medical students
García, A., Romero, C., Arroyave, C., Giraldo, F., Sánchez, L., & Sánchez, J. (2017) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1246-5 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Energy Drinks and Myocardial Ischemia: A Review of Case Reports
Lippi, G., Cervellin, G., & Sanchis‐Gomar, F. (2015) · Cardiovascular Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s12012-015-9339-6 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Quality Assessment of Wild and Cultivated Green Tea from Different Regions of China
Chowaniak, M., Niemiec, M., Zhu, Z., Джалолович, Р. Н., Gródek-Szostak, Z., Szeląg-Sikora, A., Sikora, J., Kuboń, M., Fayzullo, S. A., Mahmadyorzoda, U. M., et al. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26123620 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Response to RedBull® Energy Drink Intake in Young Adults
Costa, R. (2023) · The Anatolian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2022.2315 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Energy drinks: Increasing evidence of negative cardiovascular effects
Sanchis‐Gomar, F., Leischik, R., & Lippi, G. (2016) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.01.107 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Despite a dose-response relationship and the different hemodynamic pathways implicated are not yet clearly elucidated [6], the two new studies published by Busuttil and Willoughby [1] and Svatikova et al.”
ResultLasheras, I., Seral, P., Alonso‐Ventura, V., & Santabárbara, J. (2021) · Journal of Electrocardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2021.01.020 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Gualberto, P. I. B., Benvindo, V. V., Waclawovsky, G., & Deresz, L. F. (2023) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuad112 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Luo, Y., Chen, Z., Blanchette, A. D., Zhou, Y., Wright, F. A., Baker, E. S., Chiu, W. A., & Rusyn, I. (2021) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2021.111979 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Furthermore, acute ingestion can result in increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Elitok et al., 2015; Franks et al., 2012; Grasser et al., 2014; Hajsadeghi et al., 2016; Majeed et al., 2017; Miles-Chan et al., 2015).”
BackgroundVargiu, R., Broccia, F., Lobina, C., Lecca, D., Capra, A., Bassareo, P., & Bassareo, V. (2021) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph14070609 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Interestingly, it has been reported that, in young, healthy adults, acute RB consumption increased BP and DP at rest, as well as HR and cardiac output [16], and that these effects occur through different hemodynamic pathways than those used by a comparable amount of caffeine [71].”
BackgroundVieille, S. L., Gillespie, Z., Bonvalot, Y., Benkhedda, K., Grinberg, N., Rotstein, J. B., Barber, J., & Krahn, A. D. (2021) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2021-0245 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
James, J. E., Baldursdottir, B., Jóhannsdóttir, K. R., Valdimarsdottir, H. B., & Sigfúsdóttir, I. D. (2018) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.04.010 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ali, L. Q. (2019) · Baghdad Science Journal · doi:10.21123/bsj.2019.16.4.0816 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“On the other hand, the combination of caffeine and sugar elevate the blood pressure (32).”
BackgroundSarafian, D., & Miles-Chan, J. L. (2017) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00656 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Continuous Haemodynamic Monitoring Beat-to-beat cardiovascular recordings were performed using a Task Force Monitor (TFM) (CNSystems), with data sampled at a rate of 1000 Hz, as previously described (Girona et al., 2014; Miles-Chan et al., 2015).”
MethodAdibSaber, F., Ansari, S., Elmieh, A., & Rajabzadeh, H. (2022) · Science and Medicine in Football · doi:10.1080/24733938.2022.2051728 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated as MAP = diastolic blood pressure +0.33 (systolic blood pressure – diastolic blood pressure) (Miles-Chan et al. 2015).”
MethodInfluentialTreml, B., Schöpf, E., Geiger, R., Niederwanger, C., Löckinger, A., Kleinsasser, A. T., & Bachler, M. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12061738 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“6 g glucuronolactone, 27 g carbohydrate (glucose, sucrose), 20 mg niacin (vitamin B3), 5 mg pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), 5 mg vitamin B6, 5 μg vitamin B1 and 2 μg vitamin B12, respectively [18].”
MethodAljarboa, A., Alghassab, M. A., Almuzaini, N., Alshammari, A., Dhanarasu, S., & Qiblawi, S. (2018) · Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology/Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology · doi:10.21608/eajbsc.2018.13661 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sukoco, A., Novenda, I., Maryanto, Kuswardhani, N., & Sari, P. (2021) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/709/1/012035 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“The European Food and Safety Authority recommends the caffeine consumption 3 mg/kg body weight/day is safe for healthy children and adolescents [2] but the safe dose is still vary depending on populations targeted.”
BackgroundMonnard, C. R., Montani, J., & Grasser, E. K. (2020) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2020.104017 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cheung, M., Quach, J. L., Chan, A., Nguyen, N. N., & Shah, S. A. (2016) · Journal of Caffeine Research · doi:10.1089/jcr.2016.0013 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Speck, N. E., Michalak, M., Dreier, K., Babst, D., Lardi, A. M., & Farhadi, J. (2023) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/38487 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Toprak, G., & Alkan, Y. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.48335 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…37.5 mg of caffeine, did not show any significant acute effect on MAP and eye other than CT. Similar to the results of the current study, sugar-free ED has nearly the same effect as caffeine-equivalent water controls, which indicates that other contents of ED have limited or no effect [28].”
ResultInfluentialHeart damage vs liver damage due to energy drinks consumption in Holtzman rats
García-Villacorta, J., Eustaquio-Cosme, J., Esparza–Varas, A. L., González-Angulo, L. T., Flores-Quiñones, G., Floriano, M. A., Gallegos-Ortiz, S., Cruz-Araujo, J. D. L., García-Moreno, J., Cueva, F. E., et al. (2019) · Revista Médica de Trujillo · doi:10.17268/rmt.2019.v14i03.05 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hemodynamic Responses to Energy Drink Consumption
Grasser, E. K., Miles-Chan, J. L., & Montani, J. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.1109 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Shirane, D. C., Maiolini, F. P., & Moreira, D. A. R. (2016) · REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE · doi:10.21876/rcsfmit.v6i4.609
Pušica, I., Srejovic, I. M., Bradić, J., Smigic, J., Bolevich, S. S., Bolevich, S., Jakovljevic, V. L., & Djordjevic, D. Z. (2019) · Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research · doi:10.2478/sjecr-2019-0022
NIKITIDIS, N. (2022) · Innovare Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.22159/ijhs.2022.v10i1.43205
Ravussin, Y., Montani, J., & Grasser, E. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.896055
“, + 160%) by Miles-Chan and colleagues (7) contributed to the observed differences for peak heart rate and double product responses.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialتأثير التناول المفرط لمشروبات الطاقة على مؤشرات الجفاف وسكر الدم لدي الرياضين
شريف, س. أ. ن. م., & شريف, س. أ. ن. م. (2022) · Al-Mağallah Al-ʿilmiyyaẗ Li ʿulūm Al-Tarbiyyaẗ Al-Badaniyyaẗ wa Al-Rīyāḍiyyaẗ Al-Mutaẖaṣiṣah · doi:10.21608/pemas.2022.175503.1115
From Boost to Burden: Investigating Energy Drinks and MyocarditisPreprint
Temtem, M., Sousa, F., Sá, D., Serrão, M., & Rodrigues, R. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3314961/v1
Speck, N. E., Dreier, K., Fluetsch, A., Ranacher, C., Babst, D., Lardi, A. M., & Farhadi, J. (2024) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2024.01.015
- Authors
- Miles-Chan, J. L., Charrière, N., Grasser, E. K., Montani, J.-P., & Dulloo, A. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Fribourg (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Miles-Chan, Jennifer L.
- Venue
- Physiological Reports
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-02
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e12290
- ISSN
- 2051-817X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4393199
- OpenAlex
- W2102054167
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 4.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Physiological Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Swiss National Science Foundation (122554)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
- Keywords
- caffeine, blood pressure, hemodynamics, systemic vascular resistance, cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, rate-pressure product, taurine, glucuronolactone, B vitamins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
