The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 3. Measures of observer variability (kappa statistic)
Open accessAbstract
Imagine that you're a busy family physician and that you've found a rare free moment to scan the recent literature. Reviewing your preferred digest of abstracts, you notice a study comparing emergency physicians' interpretation of chest radiographs with radiologists' interpretations.[1][1] The
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Misinterpretation and misuse of the kappa statistic
MACLURE, M., & WILLETT, W. C. (1987) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/126.2.161 · Cited by 808
Perrier, A., Howarth, N., Didier, D., Loubeyre, P., Unger, P.-F., de Moerloose, P., Slosman, D. O., Junod, A. F., & Bounameaux, H. (2001) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-135-2-200107170-00008 · Cited by 308
Diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia in the elderly
Guyatt, G. H., Patterson, C., Ali, M., Levine, M., Turpie, I., Meyer, R., & Singer, J. (1990) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(90)90143-2 · Cited by 268
1989 Volvo Award in Clinical Sciences: Reproducibility of Physical Signs in Low-Back Pain
McCOMBE, P. F., FAIRBANK, J. C. T., COCKERSOLE, B. C., & PYNSENT, P. B. (1989) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-198909000-00002 · Cited by 233
Chest radiographs in the emergency department: is the radiologist really necessary?
Gatt, M. E., Spectre, G., Paltiel, O., Hiller, N., & Stalnikowicz, R. (2003) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pmj.79.930.214 · Cited by 121
Clinical assessment of central venous pressure in the critically ill.
Cook, D. J. (1990) · American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-199003000-00006 · Cited by 92
Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 2. Measures of precision (confidence intervals)
Montori, V. M. (2004) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.1031667 · Cited by 78
Tips for learning and teaching evidence-based medicine: introduction to the series
Wyer, P. C. (2004) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.1031665 · Cited by 43
A Survey of Thyroid Enlargement in Two General Practices in Great Britain
Kilpatrick, R., Milne, J. S., Rushbrooke, M., et al. (1963) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5322.29 · Cited by 40
Koelemay, M. J. W., Legemate, D. A., Reekers, J. A., Koedam, N. A., Balm, R., & Jacobs, M. J. H. M. (2001) · European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery · doi:10.1053/ejvs.2001.1328 · Cited by 38
Cited by
Allocation of Physician Time in Ambulatory Practice: A Time and Motion Study in 4 Specialties
Sinsky, C., Colligan, L., Li, L., Prgomet, M., Reynolds, S., Goeders, L., Westbrook, J., Tutty, M., & Blike, G. (2016) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m16-0961 · Cited by 1,494
Westbrook, J. I., Duffield, C., Li, L., & Creswick, N. J. (2011) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-11-319 · Cited by 376
Marchesi, C., Pierfranceschi, M., Crowther, M., Garcia, D., Hylek, E., Witt, D., Clark, N., Squizzato, A., Imberti, D., Ageno, W., et al. (2011) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th11-01-0052 · Cited by 306
Dentali, F., Crowther, M., & Ageno, W. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-09-3578 · Cited by 263
Dentali, F., Squizzato, A., Brivio, L., Appio, L., Campiotti, L., Crowther, M., Grandi, A. M., & Ageno, W. (2009) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2008-12-196014 · Cited by 176
Metadata
- Authors
- McGinn, T.
- Venue
- Canadian Medical Association Journal
- Publisher
- CMA Joule Inc.
- Published
- 2004-11-23
- Volume
- 171
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1369-1373
- ISSN
- 0820-3946 (ISSN-L)
- 1488-2329
- OpenAlex
- W2153928704
- Cited by
- 482
- References
- 11
- FWCI
- 18.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 3. Measures of observer variability (kappa statistic). https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1503/cmaj.1031981
- The paper
- McGinn, T. (2004). Tips for learners of evidence-based medicine: 3. Measures of observer variability (kappa statistic). Canadian Medical Association Journal. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1031981
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.