The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 71 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Spinozas Metaphysics of Desire
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71 Own interpretation · 45 Sources not found · 21 No basis given · 5 No full text of the sources · 4 Not checked yet
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“These commentators usually interpret the demonstration as an argument from the impossibility of self-destruction.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“the argument from the impossibility of self-destruction is supplemented by an additional argument from the expressive relationship between modes and God.”
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- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
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In the paper
“Spinoza identifies a thing's conatus with its causal powers.6”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP7D
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- Not matchedcites IVP4D
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In the paper
“In IIIP6, Spinoza claims that all things strive to persevere in their being.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“Each natural thing, Spinoza tells us in IIIP6 of his Ethics, is animated by a striving (conatus) for self-preservation.”
- Also stated in: § 1. The Meaning of IIIP6 · plain
“All finite and actually existing things, IIIP6 tells us, strive to persevere in being, i.e., try to stay in existence.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP6
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- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
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In the paper
“I argue that, although the demonstration does indeed contain such an argument, there is a second and more persuasive argument in the demonstration that proceeds from the premise that singular things express divine power.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“Spinoza offers not one but two arguments in favor of the conatus; the argument from the impossibility of self-destruction is supplemented by an additional argument from the expressive relationship between modes and God.”
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In the paper
“I show that Spinoza's conatus doctrine is a natural consequence of his main premise: that finite things express divine power.”
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In the paper
“I argue that the idea that effects express the natures of their efficient causes can be better understood if we take into account certain assumptions about efficient causality widely held in the seventeenth century.”
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In the paper
“Spinoza argues, in IP25, that God is the efficient cause of both the existence and essence of all things in the following manner:”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IP25
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“In the face of this objection we must admit that resistance cannot be legitimately inferred from the impossibility of self-destruction.”
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In the paper
“We can conclude that those critics who charge that IIIP6 cannot be legitimately derived from IIIP4 and IIIP5 alone are absolutely correct.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP4
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- Not matchedcites IIIP5
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- Not matchedcites IIIP6
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In the paper
“Eventually, the idea that an effect receives its qualities from its cause, or, in the language of the Liber de causis, a cause gives (dat) something of itself to or impresses (imprimit) itself upon its effect, became the standard view of efficient causation in the Latin West.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Liber de causis
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In the paper
“in his earliest writings, Spinoza, following Descartes, attributes striving to motion without the slightest indication that motion is a mental, in addition to being a physical, phenomenon (DPP, II, P17, and CM I, chap.6 [G I/248]).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites DPP, II, P17
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites CM I, chap.6
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In the paper
“In general, the seventeenth century view of efficient causality differs greatly from our contemporary understanding.”
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In the paper
“although something may be capable of a repertoire of self-preservative actions, we cannot infer that one or another of those actions will be performed on the basis of propositions 4 and 5.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP4
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- Not matchedcites IIIP5
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In the paper
“In Spinoza's system, conception is intimately connected to causation.”
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In the paper
“No, because, for Spinoza, striving is not a psychological predicate.”
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“sation results in a kind of manifestation or exemplification of the cause by the effect.”
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“a principal cause must be either more noble than, or at least no less noble than, the effect.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Suarez 1965, Disputation 18, §2.
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In the paper
“He would not be convinced that simply because that all men are mortal is necessarily true, it is thereby an essential property of human beings.”
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In the paper
“Since the essence is simply the necessary and sufficient conditions for a thing's existence, the satisfaction of these conditions could never imply the nonexistence of the thing.”
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In the paper
“Striving for self-preservation is what singular things do insofar as their behavior is not determined by external causes, i.e., in virtue of their own intrinsic causal power.10”
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In the paper
“Spinoza seems to have taken over this Cartesian meaning.”
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In the paper
“That Spinoza intends the conatus doctrine to describe what singular things do insofar as they act, i.e., are independent of external causes, can be seen from his use of the phrase quantum in se est.”
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In the paper
“So far as we disregard the influence of external causes, the only causal factor in determining the state of a given thing is its own nature or essence.”
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In the paper
“The uses to which Spinoza puts IIIP6 in the demonstration of subsequent propositions show that he understands the conatus doctrine as licensing positive inferences about an individual's behavior on the basis of what actions will help preserve its being.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP12
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites IIIP13
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- Not matchedcites IIIP19
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In the paper
“Importantly, the fact that modes express God's nature follows from the fact that they cannot be conceived without it.”
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In the paper
“The failure to demonstrate that each thing must exhibit some positive force or activity is in itself fatal for any attempt to deduce the conatus from propositions 4 and 5”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites IIIP5
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In the paper
“It seems that, for Spinoza, conception implies causation.26”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Garrett 2002 source
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In the paper
“I propose that this conception of efficient causality stands behind Spinoza's conception of expression.”
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In the paper
“These three characteristics can be ascribed to each mode on the basis of the expressive relationship that obtains between modes and God.”
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In the paper
“But since singular things have only finite power, their striving is limited by the power of external causes.”
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“Spinoza denies that human beings, or anything else for that matter, possess a free will.”
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In the paper
“(2) God's power is identical to his essence (EIP34).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites EIP34
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In the paper
“The conatus, on the contrary, impels things to do everything in their power to preserve their existence.”
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In the paper
“God's essence is his power.45”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IP34D
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In the paper
“All things, according to both Spinoza and Thomas, desire their own existence.”
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In the paper
“What is more, both view this desire as arising from the causal relationship between God and his creatures.”
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In the paper
“(3) God's essence is his life (CM II, chap.5).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites CM II, chap.5
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In the paper
“This interpretation also helps us understand how expression can be a matter of degrees.”
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In the paper
“Clearly then, in some of its main features, the argument from expression found in the demonstration of IIIP6 recapitulates an orthodox argument regarding how the causal relationship between God and his creatures determines the ends or desires of created things.”
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- Rests on an assumption: Thomas's view is representative of the orthodox Christian view.
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In the paper
“I believe that the limitation in question is a causal limitation and that the limiting factor must be of the same nature as the thing limited because causation cannot take place between attributes.”
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In the paper
“## Conclusion (7) Each thing possesses a force of persevering in being.”
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In the paper
“Some evidence that he did can be found in his uncritical treatment of Descartes' causal axiom in his geometrical exposition of the Principles of Philosophy.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites DPP, I, D4, and I, A8
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In the paper
“So we can conclude that finite modes are finite because there are external causes belonging to the same attribute capable of limiting their existence, and God is infinite because there are no external causes capable of so limiting his.”
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In the paper
“On the contrary, it would be more accurate to say that the disagreements between them are vast and the agreements comparatively narrow, even with respect to the above discussed argument.”
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- Rests on an assumption: Thomas's view is representative of the orthodox Christian view.
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In the paper
“(6) The power whereby things exist and act is God's force of persevering in being expressed in a finite form (from 1 and 5).”
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In the paper
“I propose that Spinoza sees this feature of the conatus as the expressive analogue of the fact that God does everything of which he is capable.”
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In the paper
“The difference is that now the effect that it produces is only partially caused by the conatus and partially by the external cause.”
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In the paper
“In Chapter II of the Political Treatise, Spinoza argues that the power whereby natural things exist and persevere in existence is nothing other than the power of God”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites TP, chap.II, § §II-III; G III/276.
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In the paper
“But, when external causes constrain the action of singular things, their conatus for self-preservation is still active.”
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In the paper
“In general, I think that these differences arise from crucial differences in the conception of divine causality.”
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In the paper
“Only God is causa sui, eternal, and free, strictly speaking, since each of these characteristics, according to Spinoza, pertains exclusively to something whose existence follows necessarily from its essence.”
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In the paper
“Spinoza makes causa sui the basis of all causality whatsoever.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Marion 1994, 68f.
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- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The relative influence of a thing's conatus is a function of the power of that thing relative to the power of the external cause.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This clearly amounts to an early version of the conatus doctrine.”
boostedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Spinoza reduces this pluralism of goods to a single good which determines all others: the desire for existence.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The power of each individual thing is the very power of God himself in a finite form which he trans-”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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In the paper
“I believe that these expressive correspondences explain why Spinoza holds the conatus doctrine to be true.56”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Garrett 2002 source
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For some of these cases, Spinoza can deny that the individual in question constitutes a genuine individual.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(5) God's power is his force of persevering in his being (from 2, 3, and 4).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“According to Spinoza, existence is the realization of an essence.50”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IID2
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All Spinoza needs to show in order to elude the force of alleged counterexamples is that the behavior in question is not determined exclusively by the agent's own nature -that the behavior is at least partially explained by the influence of external circumstance.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When singular things interact with each other, both the singular things themselves and God are causally responsible in a way analogous to the way that singular things and their properties (e.g., a baseball and its momentum) are causally responsible for what they do.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“But Spinoza says, “God must be called the cause of all things in the same sense in which he is called the cause of himself” 48 .”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites EIP25S
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The same power, applied with the same sense, explains God's action (by which he produces the modes) and self-causation.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Apart from interference from external causes, singular things always strive for and achieve self-preservation, just as God does.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I propose that the only difference between God's power and its expression in the power or conatus of singular things is that God's power is infinite in the sense of being free from interference from external causes, and that the power of singular things is finite in the sense of being subject to external causes.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“So we can conclude that finite modes are finite because there are external causes belonging to the same attribute capable of limiting their existence, and God is infinite because there are no external causes capable of so limiting his.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Spinoza thinks that a partial negation of existence requires a cause.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IP11D
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“As Spinoza says, the power of singular things is the very power of God manifested in a finite form.”
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“I believe, however, that this argument is in fact equivalent to the argument given in the demonstration of IIIP6.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP6
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“(1) The power whereby things exist and act is the power of God himself expressed in a finite form (TP II).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites TP II
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I have shown that the skepticism with which many commentators have regarded Spinoza's demonstration of the conatus doctrine is unwarranted.”
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By taking into account the expressive relationship between modes and God, we see that the conatus doctrine does indeed follow quite naturally from the premises stated in the demonstration of IIIP6.”
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The threat of a painful death can only be made good after the non-performance of the suicide, and so would involve a marginally longer life.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 48
- It may state two separate claims as one. 36
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“since the demonstration itself is extremely terse, stating its premises and conclusion without explanation, it is less than clear what role the premises concerning expression of divine power are intended to play.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The demonstration of IIIP6 is often seen as consisting of two stages; the first treats the relationship between the modes and God, and the second deals with the impossibility of self-destruction:”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As I understand it, IIIP6 claims that all existing finite things possess these three characteristics: (1) they act, (2) their actions maintain their existence, and (3) they do everything they can in order to achieve this goal.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP6
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“According to Spinoza, to act (agere) is to produce an effect of which the thing acting is the adequate cause, i.e., a cause through which the effect can be understood without reference to anything else.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIID1
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites IIID2
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is central to his metaphysics, psychology, ethics, and political philosophy.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“the conatus doctrine serves to link together Spinoza's metaphysics, cognitive and moral psychology, ethics, and political theory, thus forming the backbone of his system.”
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the notion of expression employed by Spinoza relies on a conception of efficient causality which, although pervasive in the seventeenth century, is alien to our contemporary notions.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Yet, most recent commentators have viewed the demonstration of IIIP6 with skepticism.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“Many recent commentators doubt the validity of Spinoza's demonstration of the conatus doctrine.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bennett 1984 source
- Not matchedcites Della Rocca 1996
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Garber 1994
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
In the paper
“Hence IIIP6 gives us a universal statement regarding the behavior of finite things that actually exist.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP6
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In short, the demonstration itself is little more than a sketch that gestures toward a more complete argument which Spinoza expects his readers to discern from his cursory exposition.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Spinoza's seventeenth century readers, however, would immediately recognize the argument from expression as a variant of a class of traditional arguments concerning how the desire for self-preservation of creatures derives from their causal relationship to God.”
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“According to the Neoplatonists, efficient causality occurs through a process that they called 'emanation' in which the effect receives its qualities or properties from its cause.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effect is said to 'participate' in the cause insofar as it partakes of the qualities or properties transferred to it in the act of causation.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For example, it remains a well-established tenet of scholastic Aristotelianism, as this passage from one of the century's most prominent scholastic philosophers, Suarez, attests:”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Suarez
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“In other words, an attribute is the way in which the essence of God is made manifest to the understanding.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites ID4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The unspoken implication is that striving can be ascribed to the body alone.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“That is, the essence provides the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a particular thing.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Contemporary philosophers often think of essential and necessary features as one and the same thing, but Spinoza did not.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“it certainly follows from propositions 4 and 5 that nothing, quantum in se est, performs self-destructive actions, but we cannot infer from this alone that all its actions will aim at self-preservation.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites IIIP5
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“But P4 only says that nothing can contain anything which can destroy it.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“While both Curley and Matheron both hold that the propositional material from part I invoked by Spinoza have some justificatory role to play in the demonstration of IIIP6, neither of them have described the full significance of that part of the argument (Curley 1988 and Matheron 1969, 11).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Curley 1988
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Matheron 1969
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This conception of efficient causality is pervasive in the seventeenth century.”
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“it also lies at the root of Cartesian metaphysics as the causal axiom employed in his proof of the existence of God in the third Meditation plainly illustrates”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Third Meditation, AT VII,/40-1, CSM, 28.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“What needs to be proved is that things capable of destroying one another fall under this notion of contrariety.”
plainstates an association- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“More concisely, God's attributes express his essence.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites ID6
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At this point, Spinoza seems to make the stretch to the conclusion that all things actively strive for self-preservation.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Many commentators hold that Spinoza attempts to derive IIIP6 from the second stage alone, i.e., from the impossibility of self-destruction.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bennett
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Della Rocca
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Garber
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Not matched
In the paper
“This proposition means that insofar as one thing can destroy another, the things are of a contrary nature, i.e. cannot be in the same subject.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP5
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“From this Spinoza appears to infer that if something performs an action, then that action does not result in the destruction of that thing.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites IIIP5
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“One possible explanation is that Spinoza thinks of efficient causation as a kind of expression in a way similar to the emanation or impression of qualities according to the Neoplatonic theory.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Deleuze (1990, 169-186)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One important difference between these two formulations is that while the second allows us to make inferences from an agent's advantage to the agent's behavior, the first does not.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“a substance is in se because it is independent of external causes.9”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Curley 1969 source
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This question has no easy answer because Spinoza never defines the term explicitly 21”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“None of these commentators seems to feel the need to explain why they effectively ignore half of the propositions invoked by Spinoza in his demonstration, viz., IP25C and IP34).”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It is interesting to note that while all three of these commentators agree that both the justification depends mainly on the second stage of the demonstration and that the deduction is invalid, they do not agree on which parts of the second stage are important.”
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Spinoza sometimes describes this expressive relationship between the attributes and God in terms of manifestation; attributes manifest or show (ostendunt) God's essence.23”
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Spinoza does not merely wish to affirm that all things only perform actions which aim at self-preservation; rather he makes the stronger claim that each singular thing does everything it can to maintain its existence.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Not only is God's essence expressed by his attributes, but, as we have already seen in the demonstration of IIIP6, the modes express it as well.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP6
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Recall that in IP25 and IP25C, Spinoza claims both that God is the efficient cause of the modes and that the modes express God's nature because modes cannot be conceived without God.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IP25
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites IP25C
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Spinoza thinks that the fact that the conatus determines human beings to do everything in their power to preserve their existence follows as a consequence of the fact that God acts by natural necessity to do everything in his power.55”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites TP, chap.II.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“According to him, finite things are modes of God, or the one unique substance in which all things inhere.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“God, according to Spinoza, does not have the option of exercising his omnipotence to a greater or lesser degree.He cannot refrain from an act of which he is capable.53 Spinoza's God does not act voluntarily but rather out of what the scholastics would call “natural necessity”; that is, he cannot help but produce all those effects which follow from his nature.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IP17S
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“being finite is, in fact, a partial negation, and being infinite is an absolute affirmation of the existence of some nature”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IP8S1
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“According to Spinoza, God is not glorified, loving 64 , or wise 65 ; he is merely powerful, i.e., he creates infinitely many things in infinitely many ways from the power by which he produces his own existence.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, God's power is the causal and conceptual link that relates his essence to its own realization.Furthermore, God's essence is his power.So God's existence is both an effect of his power and the realization of that power.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The less dependent on external causes a singular thing is, i.e., the more powerful it is, the more self-causing, long-lived, and free it is, and hence the more perfectly it expresses divine nature.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With respect to genuine suicide, Spinoza says two things, neither of which is straightforwardly successful.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“According to Spinoza, all true beliefs are adequate and all false beliefs are inadequate.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Spinoza introduces an unusual variation on this early modern theme by claiming that all individuals are modes of one substance.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because our actions express the divine power whereby God creates everything he can, we too must strive to do everything in our power.If an action will help preserve our existence, we must perform it insofar as we can.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Recall that, in Spinoza's technical sense of the term, 'action' refers only to those behaviors of which the agent is the adequate cause.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On my interpretation of the meaning of expression in Spinoza, for a singular thing to express a substance is to manifest and contain its essence in a finite form.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Creatures thus do not seek glory, love, or wisdom, but merely express this power in the form of a striving to persevere in existence, or rather, if they seek those things (as of course they do) it is not as ends in themselves but as means to the end of self-preservation.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Creatures are determinate and finite expressions or modes of God's power and for this reason their existence and action depend upon God.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“There are no probabilistic tendencies in Spinoza's world.A given state of affairs has determinate consequences which follow with logical necessity.52”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites EIP26, IP27, IP28D, IP29D, IP33D, IP33S
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thomas claims that all things desire to be or exist and, from that desire, resist those things that can destroy them.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But if people are really only ever motivated by a desire for self-preservation, then Seneca should prefer a painful and undignified death in the morning (and consequently a somewhat longer life) to a painless death tonight (and consequently a shorter life).”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“According to Spinoza, God is his own cause or causa sui.This means that his existence follows necessarily from his own essence.Moreover, all other things follow necessarily from his essence.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IP34D
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Spinoza also says that life should be attributed to all things, thus everything has a force through which it perseveres in its being.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites CM, Part II, chap.VI, G/I, 260.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adequate causes are those causes the effects of which can be understood through them alone without reference to any additional causal factors.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I submit the following hypothesis: Spinoza believes that these two characteristics of the conatus follow from the fact that the divine power has the following two features: (1) it is the source of God's causal relation to himself and (2) God does everything in his power.”
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Of course, no finite thing can bring itself into existence, but, as Don Garrett has observed in this connection, it can bring about its continued existence.51 The power of a finite thing to bring about its own existence would thus be a power of continuing in existence.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Garrett 2002, 144 source
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The power of creatures, according to Spinoza, does not resemble or imitate the power of God.Rather, it is the very power of God itself, manifested in a finite form.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Divine power has three characteristics that correspond to the three characteristics of conatus driven modes: (1) it eventuates in divine action, (2) it is responsible for God's own existence, (3) it produces everything of which it is capable.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For Thomas, on the other hand, things are like or imitate God insofar as they desire their own existence, but this likeness or imitation is defective.”
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I believe that the limitation in question is a causal limitation and that the limiting factor must be of the same nature as the thing limited because causation cannot take place between attributes.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Causation cannot take place between attributes; causal interaction requires a shared attribute.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“According to Spinoza, it is a consequence of the fact that creatures express divine power that they have a right to everything in their power, because he thinks of expression as a finite manifestation, i.e., a mode, of divine power.”
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“God too has life, and this power of self-preservation is identified with his essence.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites CM, Part II, chap.VI, G/I, 260.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The definition of an individual thus cannot contain anything incompatible with the realization of the thing's essence, i.e., incompatible with its existence.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“As Jonathan Bennett has argued, stated in this way, Spinoza's explanation makes no sense.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bennett 1984 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although Spinoza cannot account for coerced suicides in a way compatible with IIIP6, he can successfully explain away many cases of putative suicide.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Since (according to IIIP5), a single individual cannot comprise mutually destructive parts, the suicidal person ceases to be a genuine individual.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites IIIP5
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Perhaps a more promising variation of this strategy would be to claim that the mental illness results not in a new person, but rather fractures the person into a number of mutually destructive parts.”
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
Spinoza's use of 'expression' is sufficiently consistent across his works that examining various contexts can reveal its meaning.
“This question has no easy answer because Spinoza never defines the term explicitly 21 , but an examination of the various contexts in which Spinoza uses the word sheds some light on its meaning.22”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The qualifier 'in a finite way' properly attaches to the predicate 'has the power of bringing about the existence of' and not to the conjoined statement of identity.
“Of course, this assumes that the qualifier 'in a finite way' properly attaches to the predicate 'has the power of bring about the existence of' and not the conjoined statement of identity.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Causation cannot take place between attributes; causal interaction requires a shared attribute.
“because causation cannot take place between attributes”
“in order for two things to causally interact, they must have an attribute in common”
The paper relies on this without support.
Many suicides are botched attempts to win sympathy or otherwise manipulate loved ones, not sincere attempts to take one's own life.
“To begin with many suicides are really botched attempts to win sympathy or otherwise manipulate loved ones, not sincere attempt to take one's own life.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Theories rarely collapse under the weight of a single anomaly.
“theories rarely collapse under the weight of a single anomaly.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Thomas's view is representative of the orthodox Christian view.
“the orthodox view represented by Thomas”
“The traditional view represented by Thomas”
Citations
Cites
Expressionism in philosophy: Spinoza
(1991) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-5025 · Cited by 1,215
Descartes' Metaphysical Physics
Downing, L. (1993) · The review of metaphysics · Cited by 590
The Cambridge Companion to Spinoza
Garrett, D. (1995) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/ccol0521392357 · Cited by 451
Spinoza's Metaphysics: An Essay in Interpretation
Curley, E. M. (1969) · doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674330450 · Cited by 349
Force (God) in Descartes' physics
Hatfield, G. (1979) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A · doi:10.1016/0039-3681(79)90013-x · Cited by 173
Spinoza: Essays in Interpretation
Mark, T. C. (1975) · Teaching Philosophy · doi:10.5840/teachphil19751259 · Cited by 159
UNDERSTANDING INTERACTION: WHAT DESCARTES SHOULD HAVE TOLD ELISABETH
Gärber, D. (1983) · The Southern Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.1111/j.2041-6962.1983.tb01534.x · Cited by 147
Garrett, D. (2002) · Spinoza: Metaphysical Themes · doi:10.1093/019512815x.003.0008 · Cited by 122
Spinoza's Metaphysics: An Essay in Interpretation.
von Leyden, W., & Curley, E. M. (1971) · The Philosophical Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2218135 · Cited by 103
Spinoza's metaphysical psychology
Della Rocca, M. (1995) · The Cambridge Companion to Spinoza · doi:10.1017/ccol0521392357.006 · Cited by 93
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Sorted by citations
Temporality and psychopathology
Fuchs, T. A. E. (2010) · Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11097-010-9189-4 · Cited by 342
“For further reading, see e.g. Lin 2004.”
BackgroundViljanen, V. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139005210 · Cited by 209
Spinoza on Philosophy, Religion, and Politics
James, S. (2012) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199698127.001.0001 · Cited by 129
Lin, M. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198834151.001.0001 · Cited by 49
Self-citationThe Distinction between Reason and Intuitive Knowledge in S pinoza's E thics
Soyarslan, S. (2013) · European Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.1111/ejop.12052 · Cited by 38
Metadata
- Authors
- LIN, M.
- Corresponding author
- LIN, MARTIN
- Venue
- Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2004-01-03
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 0003-9101 (ISSN-L)
- 1613-0650
- OpenAlex
- W1971581031
- Semantic Scholar
- 01ac9e55167a197c6f1f4ef66cdeed4455f46f1c
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- de
- Open access
- green
- philarchive.org
- Locations
- Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie (publishedVersion)
- PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Seventeenth-Century Political and Philosophical Thought
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, and Hegel
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Historical Philosophy and Science
- Keywords
- Spinoza, desire, metaphysics, ethics
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