In-situ density estimation by four nondestructive techniques on Norway spruce from built-in wood structures
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Needle penetration resistance (NPR), screw withdrawal resistance (SWR), core drilling (CD) and drilling chips extraction (DCE) are nondestructive and semi-destructive techniques used to estimate density in timber structures. In most of the previous studies, these techniques were tested in clear sawn timber and clear specimens. The goal of the present paper is to study the relationship between density and these techniques by means of five different devices in whole pieces of timber from built-in engineering structures, which are from 12 4.5-m long structural timber joists of Norway spruce from a 19 th century building in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain). Although determination coefficients (R 2) for density estimation models were lower than those from clear timber, the results obtained confirmed that these four techniques are suitable for in-situ density estimation of woods in buildings. The best results were obtained by CD (the bigger the bit, the higher the correlation), followed by DCE, and SWR. The worst correlation was found for NPR devices, but the results could be probably improved with more measurements.
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Applying the mean chip mass from Table 5 to the estimation model proposed by Llana et al. [68] yields a specimen density of 410 kg/m3, lower than 452 kg/m3 obtained in the present study.
“If specimen density is calculated introducing the mean chips mass of Table 5 in the estimation model proposed by Llana et al. [68] for the same species that the present study, the result obtained is 410 kg m 3 . This result is lower than 452 kg m 3 obtained in the present study.”
From Grading of recovered Norway spruce (Picea abies) timber for structural purposes (2023) · cites this paper as [68]
The R2 for density estimation using RML was slightly lower than 0.70 reported by Llana et al. [68] for recovered Norway spruce and 0.76 reported by Osuna-Sequera et al. [36] for recovered Salzmann pine.
“In the case of RML, R 2 shown in Table 6 was slightly lower than R 2 equal to 0.70 for recovered Norway spruce reported by Llana et al. [68] and R 2 equal to 0.76 for recovered Salzmann pine ( Pinus nigra Arnold ssp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco) reported by Osuna-Sequera et al. [36].”
From Grading of recovered Norway spruce (Picea abies) timber for structural purposes (2023) · cites this paper as [68]
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Research works printed but not linked: 17
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Cited by
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Grading of recovered Norway spruce (Picea abies) timber for structural purposes
Llana, D. F., Íñiguez-González, G., Plos, M., & Turk, G. (2023) · Construction and Building Materials · doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132440 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationOsuna-Sequera, C., Llana, D. F., Esteban, M., & Arriaga, F. (2019) · Construction and Building Materials · doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.144 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationWood Density Determination by Drilling Chips Extraction in Ten Softwood and Hardwood Species
Martínez, R. D., Balmori, J.-A., F. Llana, D., & Bobadilla, I. (2020) · Forests · doi:10.3390/f11040383 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Llana, D. F., Íñiguez-González, G., Montón, J., & Arriaga, F.
- Affiliations
- Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway (IE)
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Íñiguez-González, Guillermo
- Venue
- Holzforschung
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2018-10-25
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 871-879
- ISSN
- 0018-3830 (ISSN-L)
- 1437-434X
- OpenAlex
- W2892586786
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 2.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Holzforschung (publishedVersion)
- UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Wood Treatment and Properties
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Tree-ring climate responses
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Hygrothermal properties of building materials
- Keywords
- wood density estimation, Norway spruce, screw withdrawal strength, core drilling, in situ density measurement, historic buildings, non-destructive testing
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