Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 40

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Language maintenance and shift under pressure: Three generations of the Turkish immigrant community in the Netherlands

Sevinç, Yeşim·2016·International Journal of the Sociology of Language
DOI 10.1515/ijsl-2016-0034
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Drawing on questionnaire and interview data, this study explores the process of language maintenance and shift across three generations of Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands. It compares three generations of Turkish-Dutch bilinguals by examining age and place of language learning, self-rated language proficiency, and language choices in six domains (home, school, work, friends, media and leisure time activities, and cognitive activities). Furthermore, it investigates bilinguals’ experiences, motivations for learning languages and attitudes towards bilingualism. Findings suggest that following the typical pattern of language shift described by Mario Saltarelli and Susan Gonzo in 1977, language history, self-rated language proficiency and current language practices of third-generation children differ from those of first- and second-generation bilinguals. Consequently, possible language shift among third-generation bilinguals causes socioemotional pressure about maintaining the Turkish language, triggering intergenerational tensions in Turkish immigrant families. At the same time, the perceived need to shift to Dutch for social and economic reasons causes immigrant children to experience tensions and ambiguities in the linguistic connections between the family and other social domains (e. g. school, friendship). The findings evidence that the Turkish immigrant community in the Netherlands may no longer be as linguistically homogeneous as once observed. The dissolution of homogeneity can be a sign of social change in which maintaining the Turkish language has become a challenge, whereas speaking Dutch is a necessity of life in the Netherlands.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1515/ijsl-2016-0034

Cites

30 of 30 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 30 references

Research works printed but not linked: 86

  1. 1979, Language shift: Social determinants of language change in bilingual Austria
  2. 2011, Designing and conducting mixed methods research
  3. 2013, The handbook of bilingualism and multilingualism, 770
  4. Jamai, 2008, use and maintenance among the Moroccan minority in Britain thesis University of, Language
  5. 2004, Firstlanguage attrition: Interdisciplinary perspectives on methodological issues, 81
  6. 2001, Legacies: The story of the immigrant second generation
  7. Dewaele, 2003, Marc Web questionnaire on bilingualism and Unpublished manuscript University of London, emotion, 2001
  8. 2009, Contemporary applied linguistics 2: Linguistics for the real world, 10
  9. 2012, Perceived and actual competence and ethnic identity in heritage language learning: A case of Korean-American college students, International Journal of Education and Bilingualism, 15, 279, 10.1080/13670050.2011.626846 · DOI
  10. 2011, Designing and conducting mixed methods research
  11. 2010, Language, usage and cognition
  12. 2005, Language, ethnic identity and the adaptation of Turkish immigrant youth in the Netherlands and Sweden, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 317, 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.05.006 · DOI
  13. 1972, The sociology of language
  14. Cohen, 1992, primer, power Psychological Bulletin, 112
  15. 1994, Language contact and change: Spanish in Los Angeles
  16. 2009, Contemporary applied linguistics 2: Linguistics for the real world, 10
  17. 2013, The handbook of bilingualism and multilingualism, 770
  18. 2010, The role of heritage language development in the ethnic identity and family relationships of adolescents from immigrant backgrounds, Social Development, 19, 202, 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00530.x · DOI · Paper page
  19. 2004, Urban multilingualism in Europe: Immigrant minority languages at home and school
  20. Cohen, 1992, primer, power Psychological Bulletin, 112
  21. 2013, Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics
  22. Maarten, 2001, Alders Ingeborg Netherlands Retrieved from third generation Turkish and Moroccan immigrants still small http www cbs nl en GB menu themas bevolking publicaties artikelen archief wm htm, Statistics, 4
  23. 2006, Saving languages. An introduction to language revitalization
  24. 1977, Problèmes Linguistiques des Enfants des Travailleurs Migrants, 167
  25. 2002, “Between two worlds.” Social networks, language shift, and language processing in three generations of Dutch migrants in New Zealand, International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 153, 27
  26. 2009, Language use and ethnolinguistic vitality of Turkish compared with the Dutch in the Netherlands, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 30, 219, 10.1080/01434630802369445 · DOI
  27. 1994, The encyclopedia of language and linguistics, 3, 1656
  28. 2006, Saving languages. An introduction to language revitalization
  29. 1999, Age at immigration and second language proficiency among foreign-born adults, Language in society, 28, 555
  30. 1984, Linguistic minorities, policies and pluralism, 277, 10.1016/B978-0-12-232760-5.50017-0 · DOI
  31. 2013, The handbook of bilingualism and multilingualism, 168
  32. 1994, The study of second language acquisition
  33. 2002, Investigating the role of social networks in language maintenance and shift, International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 153, 93
  34. 1994, Three generations, two languages, one family: Language choice and language shift in a Chinese community in Britain
  35. 1979, Language shift: Social determinants of language change in bilingual Austria
  36. 2010, Union formation and partner choice in a transnational context: The case of descendants of Turkish immigrants in France, International Migration Review, 44, 615, 10.1111/j.1747-7379.2010.00820.x · DOI
  37. 2008, Social and linguistic factors as predictors of contact-induced change, Journal of Language Contact, 2, 42, 10.1163/000000008792525381 · DOI
  38. 1972, Sociolinguistic patterns
  39. 2006, Developing minority language resources. The case of Spanish in California
  40. 2010, Cross-linguistic evidence for the nature of age effects in second language acquisition, Applied Psycholinguistics, 31, 413, 10.1017/S0142716410000056 · DOI · Paper page
  41. 1980, Language and social networks
  42. Jamai, 2008, use and maintenance among the Moroccan minority in Britain thesis University of, Language
  43. 2013, The handbook of bilingualism and multilingualism, 168
  44. 2000, A parents’ and teachers’ guide to bilingualism
  45. 1994, The encyclopedia of language and linguistics, 3, 1656
  46. 2007, Tell me who your friends are and I might be able to tell you what language(s) you speak: Social network analysis, multilingualism, and identity, International Journal of Bilingualism, 11, 275, 10.1177/13670069070110030201 · DOI
  47. 1980, Language and social networks
  48. 2010, Transnational families. Ethnicities, identities and social capital
  49. 2006, Developing minority language resources. The case of Spanish in California
  50. 2004, Firstlanguage attrition: Interdisciplinary perspectives on methodological issues, 81
  51. 1972, The sociology of language
  52. 1994, Language contact and change: Spanish in Los Angeles
  53. 2013, Research Methods in Sociolinguistics, 42
  54. 2010, Language proficiency and socio-cultural orientation of Turkish and Moroccan youngsters in the Netherlands, Language and Education, 24, 117, 10.1080/09500780903096561 · DOI
  55. 1990, Basics of qualitative research
  56. 2010, Language, usage and cognition
  57. 2014, The bilingual mind: And what it tells us about language and thought
  58. 1994, The study of second language acquisition
  59. 2012, Spread of on-going changes in an immigrant language, Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 10, 401, 10.1075/rcl.10.2.07sez · DOI
  60. 2013, Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics
  61. 2011, Style repertoire and social change in British Asian English, Journal of Sociolinguistics, 15, 464, 10.1111/j.1467-9841.2011.00503.x · DOI
  62. 2002, Home language and language proficiency: A Large-scale Longitudinal Study in Dutch Primary Schools, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 23, 175, 10.1080/01434630208666464 · DOI
  63. 2004, Urban multilingualism in Europe: Immigrant minority languages at home and school
  64. 2000, Language shift in Grahamstown: As case study of selected Xhosa-speakers, International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 146, 87
  65. 2014, The bilingual mind: And what it tells us about language and thought
  66. 1972, Sociolinguistic patterns
  67. 2001, Legacies: The story of the immigrant second generation
  68. 2015, Second language development in a migrant context: Turkish community in the Netherlands, International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 236, 101
  69. Maarten, 2001, Alders Ingeborg Netherlands Retrieved from third generation Turkish and Moroccan immigrants still small http www cbs nl en GB menu themas bevolking publicaties artikelen archief wm htm, Statistics, 4
  70. 1990, Basics of qualitative research
  71. 1994, Three generations, two languages, one family: Language choice and language shift in a Chinese community in Britain
  72. 2010, Transnational families. Ethnicities, identities and social capital
  73. 2009, Innovative constructions in Dutch Turkish: An assessment of on-going contact-induced change, Bilingualism, Language and Cognition, 12, 41, 10.1017/S1366728908003441 · DOI
  74. 2013, Multilinguals and their sociolinguistic profiles: observations on language use amongst three vintages of migrants in Melbourne, International Journal of Multilingualism, 10, 411, 10.1080/14790718.2013.832123 · DOI
  75. 2010, What is the impact of age of second language acquisition on the production of consonants and vowels among childhood bilinguals?, International Journal of Bilingualism, 14, 400, 10.1177/1367006910370918 · DOI
  76. 2013, Research Methods in Sociolinguistics, 42
  77. 2008, Language shift and the family: Questions from the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora, Journal of Sociolinguistics, 12, 143, 10.1111/j.1467-9841.2008.00361.x · DOI · Paper page
  78. 2000, A parents’ and teachers’ guide to bilingualism
  79. 2014, Linguistic and social factors in Turkish-Dutch contact across generations, Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics, 3, 82, 10.1075/dujal.3.1.05sev · DOI
  80. 2000, Bilingual vocabulary development of Turkish preschoolers in the Netherlands, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 21, 93, 10.1080/01434630008666396 · DOI · Paper page
  81. 1977, Problèmes Linguistiques des Enfants des Travailleurs Migrants, 167
  82. 2010, Effects of input on the early grammatical development of bilingual children, International Journal of Bilingualism, 14, 422, 10.1177/1367006910370917 · DOI
  83. Dewaele, 2003, Marc Web questionnaire on bilingualism and Unpublished manuscript University of London, emotion, 2001
  84. 1995, Bilingualism
  85. 2002, The price of uniformity: Language, family and personality adjustment in the immigrant second generation, Ethnic and racial studies, 25, 889, 10.1080/0141987022000009368 · DOI · Paper page
  86. 1995, Bilingualism

Cited by

See all 40

Metadata

Authors
Sevinç, Y.
Venue
International Journal of the Sociology of Language
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Published
2016-01-01
Volume
2016
Issue
242
ISSN
  • 0165-2516
  • 1613-3668
DOI
10.1515/ijsl-2016-0034
Cited by
40
References
30

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Language maintenance and shift under pressure: Three generations of the Turkish immigrant community in the Netherlands. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1515/ijsl-2016-0034
The paper
Sevinç, Y. (2016). Language maintenance and shift under pressure: Three generations of the Turkish immigrant community in the Netherlands. International Journal of the Sociology of Language. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2016-0034

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.