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Stuffed toys and speech perception
Abstract
Previous research has shown that speech perception can be influenced by a speaker's social characteristics, including the expected dialect area of the speaker (Niedzielski, Journal of Language and Social Psychology 18: 62–85, 1999; Hay et al. The Linguistic Review 23: 351–379, 2006a). This article reports on an experiment designed to test to degree to which exposure to the concept of a region can also influence perception. In order to invoke the concept, we exposed participants, who were all speakers of New Zealand English, to either stuffed toy kangaroos and koalas (associated with Australia) or stuffed toy kiwis (associated with New Zealand). Participants then completed a perception task in which they matched natural vowels produced by a male New Zealander to vowels from a synthesized continuum which ranged from raised and fronted Australian-like tokens to lowered and centralized New Zealand-like tokens. Our results indicate that perception of the vowels shifted depending on which set of toys the participants had seen. This supports models of speech perception in which linguistic and nonlinguistic information are intricately entwined.
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“Converging evidence suggests that the initial moments of competition between lexical alternatives are constrained by multiple sources of information from different dimensions of the linguistic input (e.g., Dahan & Tanenhaus 2004; Kukona et al. 2011), including information external to the linguistic system, such as visually conveyed social information (Hay & Drager 2010; Staum Casasanto 200”
From Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science (2013) · cites this paper as Hay & Drager 2010
In the citing paper
“Experimental evidence shows that even subtle alterations to a stuffed toy presented to human subjects can shift their perception of vowel sounds [39].”
From Disability-First AI Dataset Annotation: Co-designing Stuttered Speech Annotation Guidelines with People Who Stutter (2026) · cites this paper as [39]
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Research works printed but not linked: 17
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- Drager Katie, 2006, Te Reo, 48, 55
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- 10.1006/jpho.1999.0100 · DOI
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- Maclagan Margaret, 1982, The New Zealand Speech Therapists Journal, 37, 20
- 10.1017/S0954394500001095 · DOI
- 10.1017/S0954394507070020 · DOI
- 10.1177/0261927X99018001005 · DOI
- 10.1515/9783110197105.1.101 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.wocn.2006.06.003 · DOI
- 10.1080/13683500208667906 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–210 of 210
When Positioning Mediates Social Judgements: Life-Stage, Gender, and Yeah-No in Australian English
Sherwood, S., Mailhammer, R., & Antoniou, M. (2024) · Languages · doi:10.3390/languages9060221
A blueprint for using deepfakes in sociolinguistic matched-guise experiments
Young, N. J., Britain, D., & Leemann, A. (2022) · Interspeech · doi:10.21437/interspeech.2022-10782
“Similarly, Hay and Drager [11] found that hearers were more likely to identify a vowel as Australian when they had seen a toy koala in the room and as a New Zealand vowel with a toy kiwi.”
BackgroundEncountering accented others – and selves – in provincial Japan
Everhart, E. K. (2021) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.327.03eve
Prikhodkine, A. (2021) · Pragmatics of Accents · doi:10.1075/pbns.327.01pri
The perception of languages by Italian native speakers
Nitti, P., & Facchetti, G. (2021) · Glottodidactica An International Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.14746/gl.2021.48.1.04
“The survey study undertaken by the present authors, therefore, has allowed assessing the presence of stereotypes, which can undoubtedly be attributed to the relationships between cultures and speakers (Hay & Drager 2010).”
BackgroundGerman, J., & Portes, C. (2020) · Proceedings of the International Conference on Speech Prosody · doi:10.21437/speechprosody.2020-153
Schmidt, L. B. (2019) · Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone linguistics · doi:10.1075/ihll.21.07sch · Cited by 1
Chong, P. J. (2019) · Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.5137571
“…perception of sounds can be influenced by exposure to social primes external to the talker’s voice, such as pictures, videos, written labels, and stuffed toys (Hay & Drager, 2010; Hay et al., 2006; Johnson et al., 1999; Niedzielski, 1999; Rubin, 1992; Rubin & Smith, 1990; Strand & Johnson, 1996).”
BackgroundInvestigating the Role of Familiar Face and Voice Cues in Speech Processing in Noise
Kim, J., Karisma, S., Aubanel, V., & Davis, C. (2018) · Interspeech · doi:10.21437/interspeech.2018-1812
Coleman, J. (2011) · Journal of Linguistics · doi:10.1017/s002222671000040x
“…perfect, they almost certainly contain a proportion of errors (regrettably unquantifiable, without permanent records and quantitative measurements) and they are subject to ‘experimenter’ bias : Hay & Drager 2010 demonstrate that such biases may be far more subtle than anyone has previously dreamed.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Hay, J., & Drager, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Canterbury (NZ)
- Venue
- Linguistics
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2010-01
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 4
- ISSN
- 0024-3949 (ISSN-L)
- 1613-396X
- OpenAlex
- W2017354652
- Cited by
- 368
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 63.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Linguistics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Linguistic Variation and Morphology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
- Keywords
- speech perception, dialect perception, regional identity, concept activation, stuffed toys, vowel perception
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