Age and sex determination of gaur Bos gaurus (Bovidae)
Open accessAbstract
One reason why the gaur Bos gaurus is a poorly understood species is because there are no reliable data to age and sex individuals. We studied captive gaur for two years in Mysore Zoo, India and Omaha Zoo, USA, and determined age-specific differences in morphological features and physical growth, by measuring shoulder height, of male and female gaur. We fitted von Bertalanffy growth functions to the shoulder height data and found maximum shoulder heights of 175 cm and 147 cm for males and females, respectively. This study ascertained for the first time that the greater the amount of white on the horns of a gaur, the older it is, and that the sexes can be distinguished based on horn shape and size differences. We found that gaur aged 15 months and below can be classified into three age classes, but are difficult to sex. The sex of gaur aged 15–36 months is best determined by a study of their horns. Adult gaur, greater than three years, are easy to sex, but are difficult to classify into single-year age classes and are reliably classified only into two age classes for females and three for males.
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Bos gaurus is sexually dimorphic, with adult males having a distinctive dorsal ridge and often a dewlap.
“It is sexually dimorphic, with adult males having a distinctive dorsal ridge and often a dewlap.”
From Bos frontalis and Bos gaurus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) (2018) · cites this paper as Ahrestani and Prins 2011
The available passages identify the paper as concerning age and sex determination of gaur, but provide no description of male anatomy. Searches for “dorsal ridge,” “dewlap,” and sexual dimorphism found no passage addressing the claimed traits. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBased on measurements of 9 captive males and 14 captive females, Ahrestani and Prins (2011) reported a maximum shoulder height of 175 cm for males and 148 cm for females.
“Based on measurements of 9 captive males and 14 captive females, Ahrestani and Prins (2011) reported a maximum shoulder height of 175 cm for males and 148 cm for females.”
From Bos frontalis and Bos gaurus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) (2018) · cites this paper as Ahrestani and Prins (2011)
The available passages labeled Abstract contain bibliographic information, not the study’s measurements. Searches for the captive sample sizes and the 175 cm and 148 cm shoulder heights found no passage that verifies the claim. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBos gaurus is a sexually dimorphic species, and differences between the sexes begin to be noticeable after the age of 2 years.
“Bos gaurus is a sexually dimorphic species (Figs. 1 and 2), and differences between the sexes begin to be noticeable after the age of 2 years (Ahrestani and Prins 2011).”
From Bos frontalis and Bos gaurus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) (2018) · cites this paper as Ahrestani and Prins 2011
The indexed passages contain the paper’s title and citation metadata, but no findings about sexual dimorphism or when differences between male and female gaur become noticeable. Searches for sexual dimorphism, sex differences, and the two-year age threshold found no passage addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.73)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe gestation period for B. gaurus is between 9 and 10 months, about 280 days.
“Data from Omaha Zoo, United States, and Mysore Zoo, India, suggest that the gestation period for B. gaurus is between 9 and 10 months, about 280 days (Ahrestani and Prins 2011).”
From Bos frontalis and Bos gaurus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) (2018) · cites this paper as Ahrestani and Prins 2011
The available indexed passages are bibliographic records for Ahrestani and Prins (2011), not text discussing gestation. Searches for the Omaha and Mysore zoo data, pregnancy duration, and 280 days returned no passage addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Cited by
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Bos frontalis and Bos gaurus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)
Ahrestani, F. S. (2018) · Mammalian Species · doi:10.1093/mspecies/sey004 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationVishwakarma, R., Sharma, C. P., Mondol, S., Habib, B., Bhandari, B., Mishra, R., Gupta, N., Chauhan, J. S., & Nigam, P. (2024) · Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia · doi:10.1111/ahe.13031 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ahrestani, F. S., & Prins, H. H. T.
- Affiliations
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Ahrestani, Farshid S.
- Venue
- mamm
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2011-02-02
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 151-155
- ISSN
- 0025-1461 (ISSN-L)
- 1864-1547
- OpenAlex
- W2091312501
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.wur.nl
- Locations
- Mammalia (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Comparative Animal Anatomy Studies
- Keywords
- gaur, Bos gaurus, age estimation, sex determination, shoulder height, von Bertalanffy growth, horn morphology, captive elephants, age classes, zoo animals
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