Emotion processing and the amygdala: from a’low road’to’many roads’ of evaluating biological significance.
Open accessAbstract
A subcortical pathway through the superior colliculus and pulvinar to the amygdala is commonly assumed to mediate the non-conscious processing of affective visual stimuli. We review anatomical and physiological data that argue against the notion that such a pathway plays a prominent part in processing affective visual stimuli in humans. Instead, we propose that the primary role of the amygdala in visual processing, like that of the pulvinar, is to coordinate the function of cortical networks during evaluation of the biological significance of affective visual stimuli. Under this revised framework, the cortex has a more important role in emotion processing than is traditionally assumed.
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Emotion is typically elicited based on one's evaluation of the internal or external stimuli.
“Emotion is typically elicited based on one’s evaluation of the internal or external stimuli (Ellsworth and Scherer, 2003; Pessoa and Adolphs, 2010).”
From Motivational and Affective Factors Underlying Consumer Dropout and Transactional Success in eCommerce: An Overview (2020) · cites this paper as Pessoa and Adolphs, 2010
The Abstract (page not available in our copy) describes assigning biological value to stimuli in an animal’s environment, supporting the claim’s evaluation of external stimuli. The paper focuses on processing affective visual information; the passages do not establish that emotion is typically elicited by evaluating internal stimuli. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMultiple cognitive functions support automatic salience evaluation and detection, including automatic salience evaluation, inhibition or interruption of ongoing activity, alerting, salience-driven switching, and reflexive orienting.
“These include automatic salience evaluation, [ 4 9 8 _ T D $ D I F F ] inhibition/interruption of ongoing activity[ 4 9 9 _ T D $ D I F F ] , alerting, salience-driven switching, and reflexive orienting [40,43,47,48].”
From Anxiety and Threat-Related Attention: Cognitive-Motivational Framework and Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [47]
Automatic evaluation of the affective and motivational significance of stimuli plays a crucial role in anxiety.
“Another bottom-up process, which plays a crucial role in anxiety, is automatic evaluation of the affective and motivational significance of stimuli (Pessoa & Adolphs, 2010;Pessoa, 2009;Vuilleumier & Driver, 2007;Vuilleumier, 2005); the functions of which are discussed later (Section 4.3.1).”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as Pessoa & Adolphs, 2010
The primary role of the amygdala is to coordinate and modulate functioning of cortical networks during the evaluation of the biological or motivational significance of stimuli.
“A more recent view, put forward by Pessoa and Adolphs (2010), is that the primary role of the amygdala is to coordinate and modulate functioning of cortical networks during the evaluation of the biological or motivational significance of stimuli.”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as Pessoa and Adolphs (2010)
The present framework encompasses the view that bottom-up stimulus-salience evaluation processes play an important role in contributing to anxiety, and that evaluation of the motivational importance of a stimulus, which includes its threat value, can occur outside awareness and depends on automatic integration of information from multiple sources.
“Thus, the present framework encompasses the view that bottom-up stimulus-salience evaluation processes play an important role in contributing to anxiety, and that evaluation of the motivational importance of a stimulus, which includes its threat value, can occur outside awareness and depends on automatic integration of information from multiple sources (Pessoa & Adolphs, 2010).”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as Pessoa & Adolphs, 2010
The amygdala biases the allocation of processing resources to stimuli by modulating other brain networks in order to prioritise selection of motivationally salient information.
“The amygdala consequently biases the allocation of processing resources to stimuli by modulating other brain networks in order to prioritise selection of motivationally salient information (Pessoa & Adolphs, 2010).”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as Pessoa & Adolphs, 2010
Cortical regions are involved in both conscious and nonconscious processing of emotional information; and these multiple parallel sources of information are automatically integrated in subcortical regions, such as the amygdala and pulvinar.
“They conclude from their review of neuroscience research that cortical regions are involved in both conscious and nonconscious processing of emotional information; and these multiple parallel sources of information are automatically integrated in subcortical regions, such as the amygdala and pulvinar.”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as Pessoa & Adolphs, 2010
Bottom-up stimulus-salience-evaluation processes play a key role in assessing the motivational importance and threat value of stimuli by integrating multiple sources of information.
“Bottom-up stimulus-salience-evaluation processes play a key role not only in assessing the motivational importance and threat value of stimuli by integrating multiple sources of information”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as Pessoa & Adolphs, 2010
Bottom-up stimulus-salience-evaluation processes play a key role in modulating activity in other bottom-up and top-down processes to prioritise motivationally salient information.
“but also in modulating activity in other bottom-up and top-down processes to prioritise motivationally salient information (Pessoa & Adolphs, 2010).”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as Pessoa & Adolphs, 2010
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [39]Pessoa L Oliveira L Pereira MG Armony JL Vuilleumier P Handbook of Human Affective Neuroscience 2011 Cambridge, UK Cambridge Univ. Press
- [45]Robinson DL Cowie RJ McCormick D The Thalamus 1997 New York Elsevier 53 92
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- Authors
- Pessoa, L., & Adolphs, R.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pessoa, Luiz
- Adolphs, Ralph
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Neuroscience
- Published
- 2010-11
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 773-782
- ISSN
- 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0048
- PMC
- PMC3025529
- OpenAlex
- W2083433785
- Cited by
- 1,794
- References
- 141
- Citations by year
- 2026: 95 · 2025: 106 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 79 · 2022: 99 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 118 · 2019: 122 · 2018: 112 · 2017: 154 · 2016: 132 · 2015: 116 · 2014: 161 · 2013: 126 · 2012: 120
- FWCI
- 7.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Simons Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH071589, R01MH080721)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P01NS019632)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- amygdala, emotional processing, subcortical pathways, superior colliculus, pulvinar, unconscious processes, cortical networks, primate brain
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Emotions, Biological Evolution, Humans, Models, Biological, Neural Pathways, Photic Stimulation, Pulvinar
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