Cited by 482Advanced Drug Delivery SystemsBarrier Structure and Function StudiesInhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 83 of the 92 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Direct nose to brain drug delivery via integrated nerve pathways bypassing the blood–brain barrier: an excellent platform for brain targeting

Pardeshi, Chandrakantsing Vijaysing, Belgamwar, Veena Shailendra·2013·Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery

DOI 10.1517/17425247.2013.790887

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a stringent barrier for delivery of neurotherapeutics in vivo. An attempt to overcome this barrier is represented by the direct transport of drugs from the nose to the brain along the olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways. These nerve pathways initiate in the nasal cavity at olfactory neuroepithelium and terminate in the brain. An enormous range of neurotherapeutics, both macromolecules and low molecular weight drugs, can be delivered to the central nervous system (CNS) via this route. AREAS COVERED: Present review highlights the literature on the anatomy-physiology of the nasal cavity, pathways and mechanisms of neurotherapeutic transport across nasal epithelium and their biofate and various strategies to enhance direct nose to brain drug delivery. The authors also emphasize a variety of drug molecules and carrier systems delivered via this route for treating CNS disorders. Patents related to direct nose to brain drug delivery systems have also been listed. EXPERT OPINION: Direct nose to brain drug delivery system is a practical, safe, non-invasive and convenient form of formulation strategy and could be viewed as an excellent alternative approach to conventional dosage forms. Existence of a direct transport route from the nasal cavity to the brain, bypassing the BBB, would offer an exciting mode of delivering neurotherapeutic agents.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1517/17425247.2013.790887

Cites

83 of 83 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Nanotoxicology: An Emerging Discipline Evolving from Studies of Ultrafine Particles
Oberdörster, G., Oberdörster, E., & Oberdörster, J. (2005) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.7339 · Cited by 7,891
Translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain
Oberdörster, G., Sharp, Z., Atudorei, V., Elder, A., Gelein, R., Kreyling, W., & Cox, C. (2004) · Inhalation Toxicology · doi:10.1080/08958370490439597 · Cited by 2,606
Sniffing neuropeptides: A transnasal approach to the human brain
Born, J., Lange, T., Kern, W., McGregor, G. P., Bickel, U., & Fehm, H. L. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn0602-849 · Cited by 1,356
Intranasal Insulin Therapy for Alzheimer Disease and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Clinical Trial
Craft, S. (2012) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2011.233 · Cited by 1,253
Intranasal delivery to the central nervous system: Mechanisms and experimental considerations
Dhuria, S. V., Hanson, L. R., & Frey, W. H. (2010) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.21924 · Cited by 1,239
Intranasal delivery of biologics to the central nervous system
Lochhead, J. J., & Thorne, R. G. (2012) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2011.11.002 · Cited by 1,214
Chitosan-modifications and applications: Opportunities galore
Mourya, V. K., & Inamdar, N. N. (2008) · Reactive and Functional Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2008.03.002 · Cited by 1,150
Nasal drug delivery—possibilities, problems and solutions
Illum, L. (2003) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/s0168-3659(02)00363-2 · Cited by 1,139
Rapid transport of large polymeric nanoparticles in fresh undiluted human mucus
Lai, S. K., O'Hanlon, D. E., Harrold, S., Man, S. T., Wang, Y.-Y., Cone, R., & Hanes, J. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0608611104 · Cited by 1,050
Delivery of insulin-like growth factor-I to the rat brain and spinal cord along olfactory and trigeminal pathways following intranasal administration
Thorne, R. G., Pronk, G. J., Padmanabhan, V., & Frey, W. H. (2004) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.05.029 · Cited by 958

Show all 92 references

Research works printed but not linked: 7

Talegaonkar S, 2004, Indian J Pharmacol, 4, 140
Hounam RF, 1970, Inhaled Part, 1, 71
Bates DV, 1966, Health Phys, 12, 173
Mygind N, 1978, Rhinology, 16, 79
Casettari L, 2010, Prog Polym Sci, 5, 659
Wearly LL, 1991, Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst, 8, 331
Fehm HL, 2001, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 3, 1144

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 482

Multifaceted implementation of nanotechnology in ameliorating therapeutic efficacy of soy phytoestrogens: Comprehensive review on the state of art
Othman, A. M., Shehata, E. M. M., & Elnaggar, Y. S. R. (2020) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102269 · Cited by 9
High-fat diet triggers transcriptomic changes in the olfactory bulb
Kim, Y., Jo, D., Choi, S., & Song, J. (2025) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42196 · Cited by 9
Advances in CNS drug delivery strategies to cross the blood-brain barrier
Li, G., Li, Z., Sun, Y., Bu, T., Chen, S., Yang, L., Li, Z., Mao, W., & Jia, Y. (2025) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111524 · Cited by 10
Nanoparticles Navigating the Intranasal Route: Innovative Approaches in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Borbolla‐Jiménez, F. V., Gutiérrez-Ruíz, S. C., Hernández‐Parra, H., Peña‐Corona, S. I., Tamez-González, A., Rivas-Amores, R. D., Magaña, J. J., & Leyva‐Gómez, G. (2025) · Journal of Nanotechnology · doi:10.1155/jnt/7697122 · Cited by 7
“Te nasal mucosa’s absorptive capacity arises from its viscoelastic mucus layer, composed of 95% water, mucins (MUC5AC, MUC5B), salts, lipids, enzymes, and immuno-globulins, which forms a protective barrier and is cleared by ciliary motion every 1–20 min [20, 41–46].”
A technology overview on advanced drug administration devices for effective nose-to-brain delivery
Shahi, S., & Pardeshi, C. V. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822522-6.00020-5 · Cited by 8
Self-citation
Comparing the effects of intravenous injection and intranasal atomisation of detomidine in sheep
Tahmasbi, T., Raisi, A., Zakian, A., & Khaldari, M. (2022) · Veterinary Medicine and Science · doi:10.1002/vms3.1023 · Cited by 8
“That is because the nose has numerous vessels through which drug can be absorbed and transmitted to the brain quickly (Pardeshi & Belgamwar, 2013).”
Background
Histopathological evaluation of insulin-DMSO formula designed for direct nose-to-brain delivery.
Maher, M. A., Kandeel, W. A., Hammam, O. A., Attia, Y. M., Mahmoud, S. S., & Salah, M. (2022) · PubMed · doi:10.14670/hh-18-421 · Cited by 9
Therapeutic effect of cyclosporine A-loading TPGS micelles on a mouse model of LPS-induced neuroinflammation
Guareschi, F., Fonseca, C., Silva, S., Pescina, S., Nicoli, S., Buttini, F., Sonvico, F., & Fortuna, A. C. (2024) · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106994 · Cited by 7
Intranasal administration of temozolomide conjugated nanoparticles with transcranial magnetic stimulation improves the survival in glioblastoma xenograft models
Koh, M., Lee, J. E., Ye, E., Lee, S., Kim, H.-L., Song, H. E., Yoo, H. J., Kim, W. J., Park, S., & Yang, S.-H. (2025) · Drug Delivery and Translational Research · doi:10.1007/s13346-025-01895-9 · Cited by 7
Formulation considerations in enhancing olfactory mucosal deposition for nose-to-brain drug delivery
D’souza, A. A., Kahan, M. S., Yang, A., Padmakumar, S., Bleier, B. S., & Amiji, M. M. (2026) · Drug Delivery and Translational Research · doi:10.1007/s13346-026-02097-7 · Cited by 10
“Extraneuronal pathways facilitate N2B delivery through paracellular or transcellular diffusion across the tight junctions of nasal epithelium, followed by perineural transport through the lamina propria to the brain, again circumventing the BBB [41, 42, 48].”
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improve cognitive impairments induced by methamphetamine in rats and reduce relapse
Rafaiee, R., Ahmadiankia, N., Mousavi, S. A., Jafari, B., & Moghaddam, H. K. (2022) · Bioimpacts · doi:10.34172/bi.2022.23329 · Cited by 7
A Review: Nose to Brain Drug Delivery for Various CNS Disorders
Jadhav, S., Sahoo, S., & Mishra, S. K. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16848-3_35 · Cited by 7
Nanotechnology-Mediated Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery for Neurodegenerative Disorders
Pardeshi, C. V., Belgamwar, V. S., & Surana, S. J. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30930-5_6 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Physicochemical, biopharmaceutical, and practical considerations for efficient nose-to-brain drug delivery
Laddha, U. D., & Tagalpallewar, A. A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822522-6.00002-3 · Cited by 7
A Review on Lipid-based Nanoformulations for Targeting Brain through Non-invasive Nasal Route
Chaudhri, N., Rastogi, V., & Verma, A. K. (2024) · Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology · doi:10.2174/0122117385293436240321090218 · Cited by 6
Nose-to-Brain Targeting of Resveratrol Nanoformulations
Bavafa, A., Negah, S. S., & Forouzanfar, F. (2025) · Current Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/0115701611337079250115071933 · Cited by 7
Zonisamide nanodiamonds for brain targeting: A comprehensive study utilising in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and molecular investigation for successful nose-to-brain delivery for epilepsy management
Elsayyad, N. M. E., Elkady, O. A., Swidan, M. M., Rashed, H. M., Sakr, T. M., Abdelhamid, A. M., Zaafan, M. A., & El-Laithy, H. M. (2025) · Drug Delivery and Translational Research · doi:10.1007/s13346-025-01904-x · Cited by 7
“However, NTB suffers from rapid drug elimination from the nasal cavity due to mucociliary clearance [8].”
Intranasal drug delivery: Unlocking the nose-to-brain route for central nervous system therapies
Alwali, B., Parumasivam, T., & Al-Tabakha, M. M. (2026) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics X · doi:10.1016/j.ijpx.2026.100521 · Cited by 12
“…bulb and forebrain regions, whereas the trigeminal route is commonly linked to distribution patterns involving brainstem-associated structures ( e.g. , pons/medullary regions) (Dhuria et al., 2010; G ¨ anger and Schindowski, 2018; Illum, 2000; Pardeshi and Belgamwar, 2013; Pires et al., 2009).”
Influential
Nanocrystals based mucosal delivery system: research advances
Liu, Y., Shuai, S., Huang, G. S., Chen, Y., Shen, B., & Yue, P. (2021) · Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy · doi:10.1080/03639045.2022.2053985 · Cited by 6
Ion-activated In Situ Gel of Gellan Gum Containing Chrysin for Nasal Administration in Parkinson’s Disease
Lavania, K., & Garg, A. (2023) · Recent Advances in Drug Delivery and Formulation · doi:10.2174/0126673878279656231204103855 · Cited by 6
Recent progress in nanoparticulate-based intranasal delivery for treating of different central nervous system diseases
Bseiso, E. A., Sheta, N. M., & Abdel-Haleem, K. M. (2024) · Pharmaceutical Development and Technology · doi:10.1080/10837450.2024.2409807 · Cited by 6
“The average olfactory axon diameter, as studied by electron microscopy, is about 100–200 nm (Pardeshi and Belgamwar 2013).”
In silico exploration of venlafaxine, a potential non-tricyclic antidepressant in a liposomal formulation for nose-to-brain drug delivery
Khute, S., & Jangde, R. (2023) · Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy · doi:10.1080/03639045.2023.2297238 · Cited by 6
Advances in Neurotherapeutic Delivery Technologies
Mr Pradeep, K. (2015) · OMICS International eBooks · doi:10.4172/978-1-63278-036-2-037 · Cited by 6
Formulation and In Vitro Comparison Study between Lipid-Based and Polymeric-Based Nanoparticles for Nose-to-Brain Delivery of a Model Drug for Alzheimer’s Disease
Akel, H., & Csóka, I. (2020) · International Electronic Conference on Pharmaceutics (IECP) · doi:10.3390/iecp2020-08680 · Cited by 6
“These nerve pathways initiate in the nasal cavity at olfactory neuroepithelium and terminate in the brain [4].”
Background
Intranasal inorganic cerium oxide nanoparticles ameliorate oxidative stress induced motor manifestations in haloperidol-induced parkinsonism
Mohammad, Khan, U. A., Saifi, Z., Bora, J., Warsi, M. H., Abourehab, M. A. S., Jain, G. K., Kesharwani, P., & Ali, A. (2023) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-023-01274-1 · Cited by 6
“Drugs that possess poor oral bioavailability or which undergo first-pass metabolism could reach the brain by intranasal administration (Pardeshi and Belgamwar 2013).”
BackgroundMethod
Clinical evaluation of the sedative, antinociceptive and cardiorespiratory effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine combined with methadone in healthy dogs
Bustamante, R., Canfrán, S., & de Segura, I. Á. G. (2024) · The Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106065 · Cited by 5
Laminar Fluid Ejection for Olfactory Drug Delivery: A Proof of Concept Study
Morin, T., Allan, N. D., Coutts, J., Hooker, J. M., Langille, M., Metcalfe, A. W. S., Thamboo, A. V., Jackson, J., Sharma, M., Rees, T., et al. (2024) · IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine · doi:10.1109/jtehm.2024.3503498 · Cited by 6
A current update on advanced drug delivery devices for nasal and pulmonary administration
Agnihotri, V. V., Pardeshi, C. V., & Surana, S. J. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819838-4.00003-1 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Vesicular carriers for direct nose-to-brain drug delivery
Deshmukh, P. K., Jain, S. N., Patil, P. O., & Pardeshi, C. V. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822522-6.00010-2 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Intranasal administration of DHED protects against exhaustive exercise-induced brain injury in rats
Peng, G., Zheng, H., Wu, C.-Y., Wu, C., Ma, X., Xiong, J., Hou, J., Zhang, L., Yang, L., & Pan, H. (2021) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147665 · Cited by 5
In vitro meningeal permeation of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles
Mauro, M., Crosera, M., Bovenzi, M., Adami, G., Baracchini, E., Maina, G., & Filon, F. L. (2018) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2018.07.020 · Cited by 5
Lymphatic clearance is the main drainage route of lamotrigine-loaded micelles following delivery to the brain
Yan, J., Ren, J.-L., Zhu, Y., Lin, Y.-Z., Chen, G., Hou, D., Lv, Z., Zhou, J.-X., Chen, Y., & Yang, F. (2019) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/jphp.13137 · Cited by 5
“However, the nanoparticles by intranasal administration had to penetrate the tissues such as the lamina propria before entering the brain, will have a chance to degrade and release the drug solution.([11]) Since nanoparticle drugs were more easily transported by meningeal lymphatic vessels, on the contrary, drug molec…”
Background
Do We Swallow the Waste From Our Brain?
Leaston, J., Kulkarni, P., Gharagouzloo, C. A., Qiao, J., Bens, N., & Ferris, C. F. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.763780 · Cited by 5
“Drugs given intranasally gain rapid access to the brain, and what is not absorbed is simply swallowed (Pardeshi and Belgamwar, 2013).”
BackgroundInfluential
The nasal route, advanced drug delivery systems and evaluation: a review
Rutvik, K., Meshva, P., Patel, D. V., & Dholakia, M. S. (2023) · Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis · doi:10.4103/ecdt.ecdt_122_22 · Cited by 5
Challenges and prospects in geriatric epilepsy treatment: the role of the blood–brain barrier in pharmacotherapy and drug delivery
Chen, X., Luo, J., Song, M., Pan, L., Qu, Z., Huang, B., Yu, S., & Shu, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2024.1342366 · Cited by 5
Nanoparticles for direct nose-to-brain drug delivery: Implications of targeting approaches
Sonawane, R. O., Bachhav, Y. G., Tekade, A. R., & Pardeshi, C. V. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822522-6.00008-4 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Intranasal route: The green corridor for Alzheimer's disease therapeutics
Chaudhury, S. S., Sinha, K., & Mukhopadhyay, C. D. (2021) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102791 · Cited by 5
The measurement of fluid energy loss during flow.
Siroky, M. B., Willischer, M. K., & Krane, R. J. (1980) · PubMed · Cited by 5
The PSD-95 inhibitor NA-1 is delivered to the brain upon nasal administration with uptake into the olfactory bulb improved by co-administration with the cell-penetrating peptides lowPro and Tat
Schmidt, S. E., Joensen, G., Sandbjerg, C., Thaysen, M., Gammelgaard, B., Schindowski, K., & Kristensen, M. (2025) · Drug Delivery and Translational Research · doi:10.1007/s13346-025-01842-8 · Cited by 4
“The presence of mucus and cilia are important features for a functional olfactory mucosa and may affect drug clearance from the nasal cavity [15].”
Intranasal Delivery of Lipid Nanoparticles: A Ground-breaking Approach for Brain Targeting
Jena, D., Srivastava, N., Yasir, M., & Dan, D. (2023) · Current Nanomaterials · doi:10.2174/2405461508666230804103023 · Cited by 4
Alzheimer's disease: A case study involving EEG-based fE/I ratio and pTau-181 protein analysis through nasal administration of Saraswata Ghrita
Badal, R., Ranjan, S., Kumar, L., Shekhawat, L. S., Patel, A. K., Yadav, P., & Prajapati, P. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports · doi:10.1177/25424823241306771 · Cited by 4
Nose-to-brain delivery of self-assembled curcumin-nanocochleates for glioblastoma treatment
Bari, D. B., Helaskar, S. R., Gagrani, M. B., & Pardeshi, C. V. (2024) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2024.106557 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Olfactory Drug Delivery in Rodents: Deposition and Pharmacokinetics
Morin, T., Allan, N. D., Hooker, J. M., Bernhard, W., Barreto, K., Jett, K., CARVALHO, J. L. C., Sarafis, K., Geyer, C. R., Wei, Y., et al. (2025) · ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science · doi:10.1021/acsptsci.5c00206 · Cited by 4
“…of mechanisms by which a compound can be transferred to the brain, including axonal transport, bulk flow and perivascular pumping, 13 lymphatic drainage, 14 and endothelial transport through the olfactory nerve (for review, see Pardeshi and Belgamwar (2013) 15 and Trevino et al. (2020) 16 ).”
Gel-based delivery of neurotherapeutics via naso-brain pathways
Mahajan, H. S., & Patil, P. H. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822522-6.00026-6 · Cited by 4
Nanotechnological advances in direct nose-to-brain drug delivery for neurodegenerative disorders and other neuroailments
Shukla, R., Kumar, A., & Flora, S. J. S. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822522-6.00005-9 · Cited by 5
3D doppler ultrasound imaging of cerebral blood flow for assessment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in mice
Shen, G., Sanchez, K. L., Hu, S. X., Zhao, Z., Zhang, L., & Ma, Q. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0285434 · Cited by 4
“The transfer of drug is mediated via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves that connect the nasal passage to the brain, the cerebrospinal fluid, and the lymphatic systems [39].”
Background
Nose to brain drug delivery through advanced drug delivery systems
Kumar, R., Singh, A., Kapoor, B., Hussain, M. S., Singh, S. K., Dua, K., Dureja, H., Thomas, N. V., & Gulati, M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13474-6.00001-9 · Cited by 5
Strategies for enhanced direct nose-to-brain drug delivery
Madav, Y., & Wairkar, S. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822522-6.00014-x · Cited by 4
Modeling nasal spray droplet deposition and translocation in nasal airway for olfactory delivery
Si, X. A., & Xi, J. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85740-6.00007-8 · Cited by 4
Formulation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive In-situ Nasal Gel of Tramadol Hydrochloride
Vishwakarma, S., Gupta, N., Sharma, N., Rajput, D. S., & Shukla, A. (2023) · Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology · doi:10.52711/0975-4377.2023.00022 · Cited by 4
Tissue-based in vitro and ex vivo models for nasal permeability studies
Porfiryeva, N. N., & Sosnik, A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15510-9.00020-7 · Cited by 4
Surface-engineered chitosan-coated nanostructured lipid carriers for intranasal delivery of Oxcarbazepine and Vitamin E oil in epilepsy management
Haider, F., Aldosari, E., Parveen, R., Baboota, S., Gull, A., Khan, S., & Ali, J. (2025) · Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1186/s43094-025-00855-x · Cited by 5
In-situ Nanolipoidal Gel of Stiripentol for Intranasal Administration: Preclinical Evidence of Enhanced Biopharmaceutical and Therapeutic Outcomes
Mahajan, H., Nirbhavane, P., Chalikwar, S. S., & Moravkar, K. K. (2025) · AAPS PharmSciTech · doi:10.1208/s12249-025-03209-1 · Cited by 3
Convergence in Nanomedicine: Integrating Brain-Targeted Delivery and Gut Microbiota Modulation for Neurological Protection
Banerjee, A., Goswami, A., & Choudhury, A. (2025) · BioNanoScience · doi:10.1007/s12668-025-02276-9 · Cited by 3
Non-Invasive Brain Delivery of G4 70/30 PAMAM Dendrimers via the Intranasal Route
Khiabani, N. A., Elmhirst, A. R.-J., Dubey, O., Poudel, A., Singh, M., Monville, H., Sahouri, A., Alani, Y., Swanson, D. R., Dunbar, G. L., et al. (2026) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00787 · Cited by 3
Characterization of nasal spray aerosol fields using the extended interferometric particle imaging technique
Song, T., Lü, Q., Liu, H., & Tian, Q. (2024) · Measurement · doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2024.114733 · Cited by 3
Dihydroergotamine mesylate nasal spray: an acute treatment option for migraine in adults
Silvestro, M., Orologio, I., Tessitore, A., Trojsi, F., Tedeschi, G., & Russo, A. (2024) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2024.2342446 · Cited by 3
Comparison between Intramuscular and Intranasal Administration of Sedative Drugs Used for Piglet Castration
Breitenlechner, A., Bünger, M., Ruczizka, U., Dolezal, M., Auer, U., & Buzanich-Ladinig, A. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani14162325 · Cited by 3
“Direct transport from the nose to the brain via the olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways bypasses the blood–brain barrier, resulting in rapid absorption [8].”
Background
Applications of direct nose-to-brain drug delivery in biomedicine, biotechnology, tissue engineering, and immunology
Patil, S. B. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822522-6.00012-6 · Cited by 3
Enhanced Cellular Permeation Efficiency Through Mechanical Vibration-induced Actin Cytoskeleton Changes in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells
Song, M., & Kwon, S. (2021) · Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering · doi:10.1007/s12257-021-0070-9 · Cited by 3
“Above all, the greatest advantage of nasal administration is that it is the only route that can bypass the central nervous system's blood-brain barrier by passing along the trigeminal nerve and through the olfactory system [14].”
Background
Nanotherapeutics a promising approach for treatment of Parkinson’s disease
Bhalothia, C., & Nagda, G. (2022) · Materials Today Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.10.311 · Cited by 4
Design, Development and Formulation of Mucoadhesive In-situ Nasal Gel of Meperidine Hydrochloride
Moazzam, N., Gupta, N., Sharma, N., Rajput, D. S., & Shukla, A. (2023) · Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology · doi:10.52711/0975-4377.2023.00018 · Cited by 3
In-situ Gels for Brain Delivery: Breaching the Barriers
Fatima, G. N., Maurya, P., Nishtha, & Saraf, S. K. (2023) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612829666230803114513 · Cited by 4
New cationic neuronanoemulsion-laden Eulophia herbacea mucilage based mucoadhesive hydrogel for intranasal delivery of chlorpromazine
Pardeshi, C. V., Dhangar, R. N., Jagatap, V., & Sonawane, R. O. (2020) · Materials Technology · doi:10.1080/10667857.2020.1740859 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Diagnostic and theranostic intranasal nanointerventions for brain diseases
Upadhaya, P. G., Pulakkat, S., & Patravale, V. B. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822522-6.00013-8 · Cited by 4
La neurologie environnementale
Reis, J. J. (2019) · Pratique Neurologique - FMC · doi:10.1016/j.praneu.2019.01.003 · Cited by 4
NANOTECHNOLOGY-MEDIATED NOSE TO BRAIN DRUG DELIVERY FOR PARKINSON'S DISEASE: A MINI REVIEW
Pavuluri, P., Velmula, M., Rao, U. M., Pha, F., & Ical, S. (2015) · Cited by 3
New Insights into Nanoparticulate Carriers for Direct Nose‐to‐Brain Drug Delivery
Pardeshi, C. V., Handa, M., & Shukla, R. (2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527832095.ch9 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Intranasal vs. intramuscular administration of azaperone, midazolam and ketamine in pigs
Rabelo, I. P., Gujanwski, C. D. A., Viana, I. S., de Paula, V. B., Rein, A. J. J. T., Rabelo, S. P., & Valadäo, C. A. A. (2024) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2024.1408103 · Cited by 2
Intranasal administration and intramuscular administration of medetomidine are effective for sedation and may increase cardiac size in cats
Kaya, Z., & Yanmaz, L. E. (2025) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.24.11.0731 · Cited by 2
Intranasal nanoparticle therapy for arsenic-induced neurotoxicity: Restoring IGF-1 signaling and advancing translational neuroprotection
Elsayed, N., & Foo, J. B. (2025) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.08.065 · Cited by 2
A Comprehensive Review on Nanostructured Lipid Carriers
Prema, R., Prabhakaran, M., Meenakshi, M., & Sankar, C. (2025) · Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics · doi:10.22270/jddt.v15i10.7390 · Cited by 2
Nasal In situ gel of zolmitriptan loaded GMO nanoparticles for effective migraine treatment: In vitro and in vivo assessment
Ilyas, M., Mirza, R., Shah, S. U., Rehman, A. U., Ullah, N., Ali, S., Khan, S., Alanzi, A. R., Alqahtani, M. J., Alqahtani, J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2025.107713 · Cited by 2
Cholesterol nose-to-brain delivery as a possible therapeutic strategy in Huntington’s disease
Favagrossa, M., Passoni, A., Valenza, M., di Prisco, D., Birolini, G., Villa, M., Scolz, A., Pasetto, L., Bonetto, V., Zuccato, C., et al. (2026) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-026-00569-x · Cited by 2
“…offers a potential route for drug delivery that bypasses the BBB. Drug transport from the nasal cavity to the CNS can occur through multiple pathways, including the olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways and other routes involving vasculature, cerebrospinal fluid and the lymphatic system [16, 17].”
Intranasal Drug Delivery: Novel Delivery Route for Management of Parkinson’s and Depression Neurological Disorders
(2021) · Letters in Applied NanoBioScience · doi:10.33263/lianbs113.36403651 · Cited by 3
“This CSF and lymphatic pathways are connected from the CSF of subarachnoid space in the brain to the nasal lymphatic framework using olfactory nerves enveloped into perineurial space[18].”
Background
FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MUCOADHESIVE NASAL DRUG DELIVERY OF ROPINIROL HCL FOR BRAIN TARGETING
SONAWANE, A., Jawale, G., Devhadrao, N. V., Bansode, A. S., LOKHANDE, J., Kherade, D. S., Sathe, P. A., Deshmukh, N., Dama, G., & Tare, H. L. (2023) · International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics · doi:10.22159/ijap.2023v15i5.48437 · Cited by 2
Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery Strategies for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders
Prabakaran, A., Bhatane, D., & Alexander, A. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-6807-7_17 · Cited by 2
Fabrication of Amisulpride Nanosuspension for Nose to Brain Delivery in the Potential Antipsychotic Treatment
Kakad, S. P., Bharati, Y. R., Kshirsagar, S. J., Dashputre, N. L., Tajanpure, A. B., Kankate, R. S., Maurya, P., & Dhikale, S. (2024) · Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia · doi:10.13005/bbra/3207 · Cited by 2
Intranasal atomized dexmedetomidine alone or in combination with ketamine or midazolam to sedate healthy dogs
Jafarbeglou, M., Marjani, M., Bakhshi‐Khanghah, R., Paryani, M., & Oghbaei, M. (2024) · The Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106224 · Cited by 2
microRNAs Mediate Signaling Pathways in Alzheimer’s Disease: Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets
Rezayof, A., Ghasemzadeh, Z., & Kouhkan, F. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-80662-0_39 · Cited by 2
BIODISTRIBUTION OF DOXORUBICIN-LOADED SUCCINOYL CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES IN MICE INJECTED VIA INTRAVENOUS OR INTRANASAL ROUTES
Zubareva, A. A., Shcherbinina, T., Варламов, В. П., & Svirshchevskaya, E. V. (2014) · Cited by 2
Particulate carriers for nose-to-brain delivery
Bahadur, S., & Pathak, K. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822522-6.00009-6 · Cited by 2
Formulation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive in-Situ Nasal Gel of Tapentadol Hydrochloride
Gotmare, R. B., Kushwaha, R., & Sharma, N. (2021) · Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology · doi:10.52711/0975-4377.2021.00047 · Cited by 2
Cationic Polymers as Carriers through the Blood–Brain Barrier
Samal, S. K., Dash, M., Dubruel, P., Müllen, K., & Rajadas, J. (2014) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781782620105-00539 · Cited by 2
Genetic Modifiers of Caffeine and Endurance Performance in Athletes
Guest, N. S. (2019) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 2
Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Mediated Transduction of Mouse Nasal Cells with FOXP3 Protein Alleviates Allergic Rhinitis
Miwa, T., Takemiya, Y., Amesara, K., Kawai, H., & Teranishi, Y. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15061770 · Cited by 1
“However, few studies have examined nasal administration of large proteins and peptides, as small substrates are more easily delivered into the brain than large peptides [6].”
Background
Nasal Model Experiments Show That a Collimated Fluid Delivers Precise Doses to the Human Olfactory Cavity in the Side-Laying Position
Martínez-Ortíz, D., Altshuler, P., Martínez-Ortíz, L., Rodríguez-de-Torner, L. A., Chávez-Linares, O., & Altshuler, E. (2024) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2024.05.005 · Cited by 1
Clinical Applications of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Studies of Targeted Novel Drug Delivery Systems
Gharat, S., Momin, M. M., & Khan, T. A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-7858-8_5 · Cited by 1
Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Decorated Nanovectors for Nose-to-Brain Delivery: A New Treatment Option for CNS Diseases
Sonvico, F., Bazzo, G. C., & Stulzer, H. K. (2025) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-4474-4_9
Monoclonal antibody-anchored quantum dots-based delivery strategies for glioblastoma treatment: Challenges and applications
PARDESHI, C. V., & Bari, D. B. (2025) · Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.34172/apb.025.44026 · Cited by 1
“83,84 Monoclonal antibodies anchored QD delivery for GBM therapy Intracranial administration of the chemotherapeutic agents could bypass the BBB, but it is inherently invasive form of treatment and mostly rely on diffusion of drug from the carrier into the bulk of the tumor.”
Self-citation
Intranasal Drug Delivery: Exploiting Nasal Anatomy for Enhanced Therapeutic Outcomes
Kumar, A., Rajpoot, K., & Jain, S. K. (2025) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/0113816128392902250916114510 · Cited by 1
A Comprehensive Review of Nanoemulsion Via the Nose To the Brain in the Management of Parkinson’s Disease
Mahajan, H. S., Sarode, R. J., Deshmane, S. V., Girnar, G., & Khedekar, S. (2025) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation · doi:10.1007/s12247-025-10170-w · Cited by 1
Thermal Cycling Stimulation via Nasal Inhalation Attenuates Aβ25–35-Induced Cognitive Deficits in C57BL/6 Mice
Lin, G.-B., Liu, H.-H., Kuo, Y.-Y., Chen, Y.-M., Hsu, F.-T., Wang, Y., Kung, Y., Ching, C., & Chao, C. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262010236 · Cited by 1
“Unlike traditional drug delivery methods that rely on penetration enhancers to facilitate transport across the BBB, the N-2-B pathway enables drug delivery via nasal inhalation, thereby circumventing this limitation [34,35].”
Intranasal delivery of lipid-based nanoparticles for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: advances, challenges and future perspectives
Piera, X. M. I., Campo-Montoya, R. D., Cuadrado‐Tejedor, M., García‐Osta, A., Garbayo, E., & Blanco‐Prieto, M. J. (2025) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/17425247.2025.2587903 · Cited by 2
The interplay of oxidative stress and neurodegeneration: Nanoantioxidants as a novel therapeutic approach
Yadav, A., Kumar, S., Parveen, S., Kesharwani, P., & Shukla, R. (2025) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2025.116220 · Cited by 1
Nose to Brain Delivery of Curcumin Loaded Therapeutic Nanostructures for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Kalita, R., Sarma, A., Baruah, H., Zaman, A., & Goswami, D. (2026) · Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition · doi:10.1002/bdd.70021 · Cited by 3
From Nose to Neurons: The Emerging Role of Dissolving Microneedles in Neurodegenerative Disease Management
Nagashree, D., & Naveen, N. R. (2026) · Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40883-025-00524-8 · Cited by 1
A Review of Nanoparticle‐Based Astrocyte Modulation in CNS Disorders: Evaluating the Underexplored Potential of Intranasal Delivery
Dlamini, S. M., Mahumane, G. D., Kumar, P., & Choonara, Y. E. (2026) · Nano Select · doi:10.1002/nano.70089 · Cited by 1
“Lipophilic drugs favor transcellular routes, while polar compounds utilize the paracellular route through tight junctions 1 nm in diameter [ 65 ].”
Advances in Nose-to-Brain Delivery Systems for Effective Alzheimer's Disease Management
sahu, A., -, K., Patle, K., Jain, P., & ., A. (2026) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/0115672050395356251106100427 · Cited by 1
The potent and selective adenosine A2AR antagonists P400 and P625 protect against symptoms in autoimmune experimental encephalomyelitis by attenuating neuroinflammation and demyelination
Morozzi, M., Borgonetti, V., Sasia, C., Videtta, G., Calenda, S., Catarzi, D., Varano, F., Colotta, V., & Galeotti, N. (2026) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2026.110857 · Cited by 1

Authors: Pardeshi, C. V., & Belgamwar, V. S.
ORCID: Pardeshi, Chandrakantsing Vijaysing
Belgamwar, Veena Shailendra
Venue: Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2013-04-16
Volume: 10
Issue: 7
Pages: 957-972
ISSN: 1742-5247 (ISSN-L)
1744-7593
DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.790887
OpenAlex: W2162752807
Cited by: 482
References: 92
Citations by year: 2026: 44 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 6
FWCI: 1.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
Keywords: nose-to-brain delivery, blood-brain barrier bypass, intranasal drug delivery, olfactory epithelium, nasal epithelium, neurotherapeutics, brain drug delivery, drug carriers, patents
MeSH terms: Administration, Intranasal, Biological Transport, Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Humans, Nasal Mucosa, Olfactory Pathways, Trigeminal Nerve, Drug Delivery Systems

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Direct nose to brain drug delivery via integrated nerve pathways bypassing the blood–brain barrier: an excellent platform for brain targeting

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks