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S2RPgrmc1: the cytochrome-related sigma-2 receptor that regulates lipid and drug metabolism and hormone signaling

Ahmed, Ikhlas S A, Chamberlain, Cora, Craven, Rolf J·2012·Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology
DOI 10.1517/17425255.2012.658367
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Abstract

Introduction S2R (sigma-2 receptor)/Pgrmc1 (progesterone receptor membrane component 1) is a cytochrome-related protein that binds directly to heme and various pharmacological compounds. S2R(Pgrmc1) also associates with cytochrome P450 proteins, the EGFR receptor tyrosine kinase and the RNA-binding protein PAIR-BP1. S2R(Pgrmc1) is induced in multiple types of cancer, where it regulates tumor growth and is implicated in progesterone signaling. S2R(Pgrmc1) also increases cholesterol synthesis in non-cancerous cells and may have a role in modulating drug metabolizing P450 proteins. Areas covered This review covers the independent identification of S2R and Pgrmc1 and their induction in cancers, as well as the role of S2R(Pgrmc1) in increasing cholesterol metabolism and P450 activity. This article was formed through a PubMed literature search using, but not limited to, the terms sigma-2 receptor, Pgrmc1, Dap1, cholesterol and aromatase. Expert opinion Multiple laboratories have shown that S2R(Pgrmc1) associates with various P450 proteins and increases cholesterol synthesis via Cyp51. However, the lipogenic role of S2R(Pgrmc1) is tissue-specific. Furthermore, the role of S2R(Pgrmc1) in regulating P450 proteins other than Cyp51 appears to be highly selective, with modest inhibitory activity for Cyp3A4 in vitro and a complex regulatory pattern for Cyp21. Cyp19/aromatase is a therapeutic target in breast cancer, and S2R(Pgrmc1) activated Cyp19 significantly in vitro but modestly in bi…

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  • TMEM97 levels can be regulated by changes in cholesterol levels; when cholesterol levels are reduced, TMEM97 expression can be induced by sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2.

    “Although TMEM97, unlike emopamil binding protein, is not thought to have isomerase activity, TMEM97 levels can be regulated by changes in cholesterol levels. More specifically, when cholesterol levels are reduced, TMEM97 expression can be induced by sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 [75,76,77,78].”

    From Sigma-2 Receptors—From Basic Biology to Therapeutic Target: A Focus on Age-Related Degenerative Diseases (2023) · cites this paper as [75]

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Metadata

Authors
Ahmed, I. S. A., Chamberlain, C., & Craven, R. J.
Venue
Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2012-02
Volume
8
Issue
3
Pages
361-370
ISSN
  • 1742-5255
  • 1744-7607
DOI
10.1517/17425255.2012.658367
Cited by
64
References
2
Language
en

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