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Cited by 204Virtual Reality Applications and ImpactsVestibular and auditory disordersBalance, Gait, and Falls Prevention

Visually Induced Motion Sickness Predicted by Postural Instability

Smart, L. James, Stoffregen, Thomas A., Bardy, Benoît G.·2002·Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
DOI 10.1518/0018720024497745
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Abstract

We investigated whether postural instability can predict motion sickness and studied relations among instability, motion sickness, and vection. Nine men and 4 women (mean age = 19.85 years) were exposed, while standing, to an optical simulation of body sway. Head motion was recorded using a magnetic tracking system. Postural instabilities were observed prior to the onset of motion sickness. Vection was reported by most participants, including all who became ill. A discriminant analysis revealed that parameters of postural motion accurately predicted motion sickness. The results confirm that postural instability precedes motion sickness and suggest that measures of postural motion may serve as reliable predictors of motion sickness. Potential applications of this research include the development of on-line diagnostic tools that will allow for the prevention of motion sickness in operational and training settings.

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  • Conditions in which postural instability precedes motion sickness are likely conditions in which postural hypotension is being elicited, producing symptoms such as can't see straight, feeling dizzy, hard to focus, everything is gray, and occasionally nausea.

    “It is likely that the conditions in which postural instability precedes “motion sickness” are actually conditions in which postural hypotension is being elicited, hence symptoms such as “can’t see straight, feeling dizzy,” “hard to focus, everything is gray,” and occasionally nausea (Smart et al. 1998, 2002; Stoffregen et al. 2010; Villard et al. 2008).”

    From Motion sickness: more than nausea and vomiting (2014) · cites this paper as Smart et al. 2002

  • In Smart et al. (2002), 11 of 12 participants reported vection and three of the 11 participants who experienced vection also reported VIMS.

    “Smart et al. (2002) moved a furnished room back and forth around stationary participants and found that 11 of 12 participants reported vection and three of the 11 participants who experienced vection also reported VIMS.”

    From Vection and visually induced motion sickness: how are they related? (2015) · cites this paper as Smart et al., 2002

  • Vection alone is not a sufficient condition for VIMS to occur.

    “However, as the same studies also show that many participants who reported vection do not experience VIMS, vection alone is clearly not a sufficient condition for VIMS to occur”

    From Vection and visually induced motion sickness: how are they related? (2015) · cites this paper as Smart et al., 2002

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Authors
Smart, L. J., Stoffregen, T. A., & Bardy, B. G.
Affiliations
  • Miami University (US)
  • University of Minnesota (US)
  • Université Paris-Sud (FR)
ORCID
Venue
Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2002-09
Volume
44
Issue
3
Pages
451-465
ISSN
  • 0018-7208 (ISSN-L)
  • 1547-8181
DOI
10.1518/0018720024497745
OpenAlex
W2023513880
Cited by
204
References
5
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
FWCI
3.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
Keywords
visually induced motion sickness, postural instability, vection, motion sickness prediction, postural sway, head movement, motion sickness prevention, online diagnosis
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Feedback, Female, Humans, Male, Motion, Motion Sickness, Posture, Vision, Ocular, Discriminant Analysis

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