The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Level of operator control and changes in heart rate variability during simulated flight maintenance.
Abstract
The demands of dynamic monitoring and fault diagnosis for flight engineer trainees were examined in relation to changes in heart rate (HR) and two spectral analysis measures (midfrequency: 0.07-0.14 Hz; high frequency: 0.15-0.40 Hz) of heart rate variability (HRV). Eleven trainee flight engineers were studied, as part of their training and assessment, over three 3-h sessions in a cockpit simulator. During each session, faults and incidents programmed into the system had to be detected, diagnosed, and corrected. Electrocardiograms were taken, and each session was recorded on videotape. Work phases were classified from video analysis of flight maintenance activities, using Rasmussen's cognitive control taxonomy, into monitoring, routine (rule-based), and problem-solving (knowledge-based) phases. HR and HRV were found to be sensitive to different phases of the work environment. HRV was suppressed during the mentally demanding problemsolving mode of the level flight phase, but only for the midfrequency component. Elevated heart rate, in contrast, was associated with the more generally stressful takeoff and landing phases. The findings support both the use of HRV as a physiological index of mental effort and its value in operational contexts, and the value of ecologically derived methods of evaluating differences in work demands in complex systems.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Indeed, increased HR, BP, (nor)adrenaline and decreased HRV have been regularly reported as compensatory regulation or effort to maintain successful performance in several studies (e.g., Tattersall and Hockey, 1995; Tafalla and Evans, 1997; Pattyn et al., 2008; Hockey et al., 2009; Thayer and Lane, 2009; Grassmann et al., 2017).”
From Voice Stress Analysis: A New Framework for Voice and Effort in Human Performance (2018) · cites this paper as Tattersall and Hockey, 1995
Citations
Cites
Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention.
Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.1.1 · Cited by 5,902
Attention to Action: Willed and Automatic Control of Behavior
Norman, D. A., & Shallice, T. (1986) · Consciousness and Self-Regulation · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0629-1_1 · Cited by 4,455
Rasmussen, J. (1983) · IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/tsmc.1983.6313160 · Cited by 3,434
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
(1977) · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-10517-x · Cited by 2,457
Book Review: Design and Analysis: A Researcher's Handbook
Aaker, D. A., & Keppel, G. (1976) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3150757 · Cited by 2,033
Task-evoked pupillary responses, processing load, and the structure of processing resources.
Beatty, J. (1982) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.91.2.276 · Cited by 1,959
Information Processing and Human-Machine Interaction
Rasmussen, J. (1986) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 907
(1992) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/0003-6870(92)90300-k · Cited by 571
Attention: selection, awareness, and control. A tribute to Donald Broadbent
Craik, F. I. M. (1994) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(94)90138-4 · Cited by 442
Measurement and analysis methods of heart rate and respiration for use in applied environments
Mulder, L. J. M. (1992) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(92)90016-n · Cited by 318
Recommendations for Mental Workload Measurement in a Test and Evaluation Environment
Wierwille, W. W., & Eggemeier, F. T. (1993) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872089303500205 · Cited by 311
Operator Effort and the Measurement of Heart-Rate Variability
Aasman, J., Mulder, G., & Mulder, L. J. M. (1987) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872088702900204 · Cited by 307
Jorna, P. G. A. M. (1992) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(92)90017-o · Cited by 268
Levels, Hierarchies, and the Locus of Control
Broadbent, D. E. (1977) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/14640747708400596 · Cited by 260
The Psychophysiology of Cardiovascular Control
Pruyn, A. T. H., Aasman, J., & Wijers, B. (1985) · Cited by 239
Workload Assessment and Prediction
Hart, S. G., & Wickens, C. D. (1990) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0437-8_9 · Cited by 236
Beyond tests of significance: Estimating strength of effects in selected ANOVA designs.
Vaughan, G. M., & Corballis, M. C. (1969) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0027878 · Cited by 226
Spectral Analysis of Sinus Arrhythmia: A Measure of Mental Effort
Vicente, K. J., Thornton, D. C., & Moray, N. P. (1987) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872088702900205 · Cited by 168
Assessment of pilot performance and mental workload in rotary wing aircraft
Sirevaag, E. J., Kramer, A. F., Wickens, C. D., Strayer, D. L., & Grenell, J. F. (1993) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139308967983 · Cited by 151
Models of Mental Strategies in Process Plant Diagnosis
Rasmussen, J. (1981) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9230-3_17 · Cited by 150
Mostofsky, D. I., & Sanders, A. F. (1971) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1420483 · Cited by 138
Heart rate and workload variations in actual and simulated flight
Jorna, P. G. A. M. (1993) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139308967976 · Cited by 127
Assessment of cardiovascular reactivity by means of spectral analysis
Mulder, L. J. M. (1988) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · Cited by 95
Air-to-ground training missions: a psychophysiological workload analysis
Wilson, G. F. (1993) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139308967979 · Cited by 91
Heart rate as a psychophysiological measure for in-flight workload assessment
Roscoe, A. H. (1993) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139308967977 · Cited by 89
Grossman, P., & Wientjes, K. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0360-3_8 · Cited by 81
Indices of Mental Workload in a Complex Task Environment
Veltman, J. A., & Gaillard, A. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000119003 · Cited by 72
Assessing the impact of computer workload on operator stress: the role of system controllability
Hockey, G. R. J., Briner, R. B., Tattersall, A. J., & Wiethoff, M. (1989) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140138908966914 · Cited by 63
Self-citationUnderstanding Human Error and Aiding Human Diagnostic Behaviour in Nuclear Power Plants
Sheridan, T. B. (1981) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9230-3_3 · Cited by 56
Multivariate analysis of mental and physical load components in sinus arrhythmia scores
LEE, D. H., & Park, K. S. (1990) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139008927092 · Cited by 42
Important Remaining Issues in Mental Workload Estimation
Wierwille, W. W. (1988) · Advances in psychology · doi:10.1016/s0166-4115(08)62395-x · Cited by 20
Unscheduled manual interventions in automated process control
Robert, G., Hockey, G. R. J., & Maule, A. J. (1995) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139508925283 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- Bartlett, F. C., 1932, Remembering
- Broadbent, D. E., 1971, Decision and stress
- Hart, S. G., 1987, Aerospace Medicine, 58, 402
- Israel, J. B., 1980, Human Factors, 22, 212
- Keppel, G., 1991, Design and analysis: A researcher's handbook
- Moray, N., 1986, Handbook of perception and human performance: Cognitive processes and performance, 40-1
- Mulder, G., 1980, The heart of mental effort
- Mulder, L. J. M., 1987, The beat-by-beat investigation of cardiovascular function, 216
- Van der Meulen, P., 1987, CARSPAN user's guide
- Wall, T. D., 1995, The changing nature of work, 139
- Wilson, G. F., 1991, Multiple-task performance, 329
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Measuring mental workload using physiological measures: A systematic review
Charles, R. L., & Nixon, J. (2018) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2018.08.028 · Cited by 729
Ryu, K., & Myung, R. (2005) · International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2005.04.005 · Cited by 399
A metabolic measure of mental effort
Fairclough, S. H., & Houston, K. (2004) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2003.10.001 · Cited by 333
What is the relationship between mental workload factors and cognitive load types?
Galy, E., Cariou, M., & Mélan, C. (2012) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.09.023 · Cited by 395
A Systematic Review of Physiological Measures of Mental Workload
Tao, D., Tan, H., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Qu, X., & Zhang, T. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16152716 · Cited by 310
Metadata
- Authors
- Tattersall, A. J., & Hockey, G. R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Wales (GB)
- University of Hull (GB)
- Venue
- Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1995-12
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 682-698
- ISSN
- 0018-7208 (ISSN-L)
- 1547-8181
- OpenAlex
- W2098646662
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- heart rate variability, heart rate, operator control, cognitive effort, physiological stress indicators, problem solving, monitoring, cockpit simulator, work phases, job demands
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aircraft, Arousal, Attention, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Military Personnel, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory, Workload
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review