Recovering From Interruptions: Implications for Driver Distraction Research

Monk, Christopher A.; Boehm-Davis, Deborah A.; Mason, George; Trafton, J. Gregory

doi:10.1518/hfes.46.4.650.56816

Cited by 205Human-Automation Interaction and SafetyPersonal Information Management and User BehaviorSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

Recovering From Interruptions: Implications for Driver Distraction Research

Monk, Christopher A., Boehm-Davis, Deborah A., Mason, George, Trafton, J. Gregory·2004·Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society

DOI 10.1518/hfes.46.4.650.56816

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Abstract

This research adopted a model of goal activation to study the mechanisms underlying interrupted task performance. The effects of interruption timing, type of interruption, and age on task time and primary task resumption time were explored under conditions in which attention was switched back and forth between two tasks, much as when drivers shift attention between attending to the road and to an in-vehicle task. The timing of interruptions had a significant impact on task resumption times, indicating that the most costly time to interrupt task performance is during the middle of a task. However, this effect was overshadowed by age-related performance decrements for older participants. Interruptions that prevented strategic rehearsal of goals resulted in longer resumption times as compared with interruptions that allowed rehearsal. Actual or potential applications of this research include the design of in-vehicle device user interfaces, the timing of in-vehicle messages, and current metrics for assessing driver distraction.

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Memory-for-goals theory predicted that longer interruptions lead to longer resumption processes, and this was confirmed by several studies.
“Memory-for-goals theory made the prediction that longer interruptions lead to longer resumption processes, which was confirmed by several studies [23,34,35,45].”
From What Makes Interruptions Disruptive?: A Process-Model Account of the Effects of the Problem State Bottleneck on Task Interruption and Resumption (2015) · cites this paper as [34]
It was shown in multiple studies that it is better to be interrupted between tasks [25,26,34] than in the middle of a task.
“It was shown in multiple studies that it is better to be interrupted between tasks [25,26,34] than in the middle of a task.”
From What Makes Interruptions Disruptive?: A Process-Model Account of the Effects of the Problem State Bottleneck on Task Interruption and Resumption (2015) · cites this paper as [34]

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The effect of frequent versus infrequent interruptions on primary task resumption. Paper presented at the 48th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics
Monk, C. A. (2004)
Self-citation

Authors: Monk, C. A., Boehm-Davis, D. A., Mason, G., & Trafton, J. G.
Affiliations: University, Fairfax, Virginia
United States Naval Research Laboratory (US)
ORCID: Trafton, J. Gregory
Venue: Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2004-12
Volume: 46
Issue: 4
Pages: 650-663
ISSN: 0018-7208 (ISSN-L)
1547-8181
DOI: 10.1518/hfes.46.4.650.56816
OpenAlex: W2129415794
Cited by: 204
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 10.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) (submittedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Personal Information Management and User Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords: driver distraction, goal activation, attentional shift, in-vehicle user interfaces
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Automobile Driving, Computer Simulation, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Processes, Problem Solving, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Safety, Task Performance and Analysis, User-Computer Interface, Cohort Studies

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Recovering From Interruptions: Implications for Driver Distraction Research

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