The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of Respiratory Muscle Training on Performance in Athletes: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review to determine if respiratory muscle training (RMT) improves sport performance and respiratory muscle strength and endurance. Methodology followed the Cochrane Collaboration protocol. MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, EMBASE, EBM reviews, and COCHRANE electronic databases were searched until July 2011. Articles were included if: (a) participants were athletes; (b) RMT was compared with sham or control in a randomized controlled design and included outcomes of respiratory muscle and sport performance; and (d) published in English. Quality assessment using PEDro and data abstraction was performed by 2 authors. Outcomes evaluated were measures of sport performance, exercise capacity, spirometry, and respiratory muscle strength and endurance. Meta-analyses were performed on outcomes reported in 2 or more papers. Results of this systematic review revealed that of the 6,923 citations retrieved from the search strategy, 21 met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses demonstrated a significant positive effect of RMT on sport performance outcomes of time trials, exercise endurance time, and repetitions on Yo-Yo tests. Inspiratory muscle strength and endurance improved in most studies, which in part, was dependent on the type of RMT employed. Determination of the type of athlete that may benefit most from RMT was limited by small sample sizes, differing RMT protocols, and differences in outcome measures across studies. In conclusion, RMT can improve sport performance. Closer attention to matching the ventilatory demands of RMT to those required during athletic competition and more aggressive progression of training intensity may show greater improvements in future studies.
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In the citing paper
“The lack of changes in running or cycling performance is at odds with two meta-analysis suggesting enhancements in time-trial performance following RMT4,5, but in line with other studies which also found no ergogenic effects of RMT in the absence38,39 or presence of sham or control groups40,41.”
From Similar effects on exercise performance following different respiratory muscle training programs in healthy young men (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Both respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET) and inspiratory resistive training (IMT) seem to increase whole-body exercise performance, but direct comparisons between the two are scarce.”
From Similar effects on exercise performance following different respiratory muscle training programs in healthy young men (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
Citations
Cites
Reliability of the PEDro Scale for Rating Quality of Randomized Controlled Trials
Maher, C. G., Sherrington, C., Herbert, R. D., Moseley, A. M., & Elkins, M. (2003) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/83.8.713 · Cited by 4,808
Effects of respiratory muscle work on cardiac output and its distribution during maximal exercise
Harms, C. A., Wetter, T. J., McClaran, S. R., Pegelow, D. F., Nickele, G. A., Nelson, W. B., Hanson, P., & Dempsey, J. A. (1998) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1998.85.2.609 · Cited by 473
Ventilatory muscle strength and endurance training
Leith, D. E., & Bradley, M. (1976) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1976.41.4.508 · Cited by 396
Ramírez-Sarmiento, A., Orozco‐Levi, M., Güell, R., Barreiro, E., Hernandez, N., Mota, S., Sangenís, M., Broquetas, J. M., Casán, P., & Gea, J. (2002) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200202-075oc · Cited by 373
Determinants of Maximal Inspiratory Pressure: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Harik-Khan, R., Wise, R. A., & Fozard, J. L. (1998) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.158.5.9712006 · Cited by 242
Inspiratory muscle training attenuates the human respiratory muscle metaboreflex
Witt, J. D., Guenette, J. A., Rupert, J. L., McKenzie, D. C., & Sheel, A. W. (2007) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2007.140855 · Cited by 220
Self-citationInspiratory muscle training improves rowing performance
VOLIANITIS, S., MCCONNELL, A. K., KOUTEDAKIS, Y., MCNAUGHTON, L., BACKX, K., & JONES, D. A. (2001) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200105000-00020 · Cited by 219
Respiratory Muscle Training in Healthy Humans: Resolving the Controversy
MCCONNELL, A. K., & Romer, L. M. (2004) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2004-815827 · Cited by 216
Respiratory Muscle Training in Healthy Individuals
Sheel, A. W. (2002) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200232090-00003 · Cited by 191
Self-citationEffects of inspiratory muscle training on time-trial performance in trained cyclists
Romer, L. M., McConnell, A. K., & Jones, D. A. (2002) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/026404102760000053 · Cited by 163
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Ojaunen, 1994, Can the true effects of exercise on psychological variables be separated from placebo effects Int J Sport P, sychol, 25, 63
- Reid, 1984, Ventilatory muscle strength and endurance training in elderly subjects and patients with chronic airflow limitation. A pilot study., Physiother Can, 36, 305
- Sperlich, 2009, Does respiratory muscle training increase physical performance Mil M, ed, 174, 977
Cited by
Inspiratory Muscle Rehabilitation in Critically Ill Adults. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Vorona, S., Sabatini, U., Al-Maqbali, S., Bertoni, M., Dres, M., Bissett, B., van Haren, F. M. P., Martin, A. D., Urrea, C., Brace, D., et al. (2018) · Annals of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/annalsats.201712-961oc · Cited by 209
Self-citationBalsalobre‐Fernández, C., Santos‐Concejero, J., & Grivas, G. V. (2015) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001316 · Cited by 188
Respiratory parameters in elite athletes – does sport have an influence?
Mazic, S. D., Lazović, B., Djelic, M. N., Suzic-Lazić, J., Saranovic, S. D., Durmić, T., Soldatović, I., Žikić, D., Gluvic, Z. M., & Zugic, V. (2015) · Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia · doi:10.1016/j.rppnen.2014.12.003 · Cited by 109
Archiza, B., Andaku, D. K., Caruso, F., Bonjorno, J. C., de Oliveira, C. R., Ricci, P. A., Amaral, A. C., Mattiello, S. M., Libardi, C. A., Phillips, S. A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2017.1340659 · Cited by 98
Shei, R. (2018) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002730 · Cited by 97
Metadata
- Authors
- HajGhanbari, B., Yamabayashi, C., Buna, T. R., Coelho, J. D., Freedman, K. D., Morton, T. A., Palmer, S. A., Toy, M. A., Walsh, C., Sheel, A. W., & Reid, W. D.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Reid, W. Darlene
- Venue
- Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
- Published
- 2013-06
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1643-1663
- ISSN
- 1064-8011 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2088205751
- Cited by
- 279
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 1.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Keywords
- respiratory muscle training, athletic performance, athletes, inspiratory muscle strength, inspiratory muscle endurance, exercise endurance, Yo-Yo test, time trial
- MeSH terms
- Breathing Exercises, Humans, Physical Education and Training, Physical Endurance, Respiratory Muscles, Muscle Strength, Athletic Performance
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Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
