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Does Creatine Supplementation Improve Functional Capacity in Elderly Women?
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of short-term (7 days) oral creatine supplementation (0.3 g.kg(-1)) in elderly women during exercise tests that reflect functional capacity during daily living tasks. We assessed several indices of endurance capacity (1-mile walk test, gross mechanical efficiency, ventilatory threshold, and peak oxygen intake determined during cycle-ergometry) and lower-extremity functional performance (time to complete sit-stand test). Subjects were assigned to a creatine (n = 10; age 67 +/- 6 years) or placebo (n = 6; age 68 +/- 4 years) group. We found a significant improvement only after creatine loading in the sit-stand test (placebo: 9.7 +/- 0.9 seconds for pretest and 9.3 +/- 0.7 seconds for posttest, p > 0.05; creatine: 10.0 +/- 0.7 seconds for pretest and 8.8 +/- 1.1 seconds for posttest). Significance was recorded at p < 0.05 for the interaction effect (group [creatine, placebo] x time [pretest, posttest]). In elderly women, short-term oral creatine supplementation does not improve endurance capacity but increases the ability to perform lower-body functional living tasks involving rapid movements.
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In aging females (n=10; 67 ± 6 yrs), acute creatine supplementation (0.3 g/kg/day for 7 days) significantly improved lower-extremity physical performance (sit-to-stand test).
“in aging females (n=10; 67 ± 6 yrs), acute creatine supplementation (0.3 g/kg/day for 7 days) significantly improved lower-extremity physical performance (sit-to-stand test) [110]”
From Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show? (2021) · cites this paper as [110]
Creatine supplementation has been reported to increase strength and/or muscle mass.
“increase strength and/or muscle mass [37, 41, 44, 45, 82, 208–212];”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine (2017) · cites this paper as [208]
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“3 g/kg/day for 7 days) significantly improved lower-extremity physical performance (sit-to-stand test) [110], and fat-”
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Kreider, R. B., & Stout, J. R. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13020447 · Cited by 227
Creatine for exercise and sports performance, with recovery considerations for healthy populations
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“3 g/kg/day) significantly improved lower-extremity physical performance (sit-to-stand test) but failed to improve indices of endurance capacity [38].”
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“Our data support previous findings of functional-studies that have reported an improved ability to perform submaximalstrength tasks (e.g., the sit-stand test) in Cr-supplemented older women (Canete et al. 2006; Gotshalk et al. 2008).”
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Creatine supplementation improves muscular performance in older women
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“In addition, the present study supports the recent Wnding (Canete et al. 2006) that short-term CR supplementation improves performance in lower-body functional activity (i.e., rising from a chair, or walking quickly in a straight line) in older women.”
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Creatine supplementation in women's health: a lifespan perspective
Smith-Ryan, A. E., Cabre, H. E., Eckerson, J. M., & Candow, D. G. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13030877 · Cited by 92
“3 g·kg−1·d−1 or ~17 g·d−1 for 7 days) [64].”
Supplements with purported effects on muscle mass and strength
Valenzuela, P. L., Morales, J. S., Emanuele, E., Pareja-Galeano, H., & Lucia, A. (2019) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-018-1882-z · Cited by 85
Self-citationBeneficial effect of creatine supplementation in knee osteoarthritis
NEVES, M., GUALANO, B., ROSCHEL, H., FULLER, R., BENATTI, F. B., DE SÁ PINTO, A. L., LIMA, F. R., PEREIRA, R. M., LANCHA, A. H., & BONFÁ, E. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3182118592 · Cited by 76
Novel Insights on Nutrient Management of Sarcopenia in Elderly
Rondanelli, M., Faliva, M. A., Monteferrario, F., Peroni, G., Repaci, E., Allieri, F., & Perna, S. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/524948 · Cited by 80
“Importantly, in subsequent publications, researchers have begun to evaluate the performance of activities of daily living (activity daily living, ADL) and have shown that creatine supplementationmay improve the performance of daily tasks identified in the ADL scale [69, 71, 72].”
BackgroundMuscular Atrophy and Sarcopenia in the Elderly: Is There a Role for Creatine Supplementation?
Dolan, E., Artioli, G. G., Pereira, R. M. R., & Gualano, B. (2019) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom9110642 · Cited by 72
“, timed-stands and timed up-and-go), most [51,55–57] but not all [52,53] studies failed to show a positive effect of creatine supplementation alone on functional performance.”
BackgroundCreatine supplementation for older adults: Focus on sarcopenia, osteoporosis, frailty and Cachexia
Candow, D. G., Chilibeck, P. D., Forbes, S. C., Fairman, C. M., Gualano, B., & Roschel, H. (2022) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2022.116467 · Cited by 76
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“[44] demonstrated a 12% improvement in timed sit-to-stand following 7 days of Cr supplementation in older women.”
BackgroundRansdell, L. B., Wayment, H. A., Lopez, N. V., Lorts, C., Schwartz, A. L., Pugliesi, K. L., Pohl, P. S., Bycura, D. K., & Camplain, R. L. (2021) · Women · doi:10.3390/women1030014 · Cited by 35
“…women consuming a creatine supplement of 0.3 g kg body mass − 1 three times daily over a 7 day period without exercise training; these studies showed improvement in lower extremity functional capacity [62,63] and increases in upper-and lower-body dynamic strength and mean explosive power [63].”
BackgroundInfluentialde Guingand, D. L., Palmer, K. R., Snow, R. J., Davies-Tuck, M. L., & Ellery, S. J. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12061780 · Cited by 35
“Of the 18 studies included in the meta-analysis, ten studies reported zero events (no side effects or adverse events) across either groups [64,65,70,73,75,76,78,81,83,85], and one study counted events differently [32].”
BackgroundInfluentialRole of Creatine Supplementation on Exercise‐Induced Cardiovascular Function and Oxidative Stress
Kingsley, M., Cunningham, D. J., Mason, L., Kilduff, L. P., & McEneny, J. (2009) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.4161/oxim.2.4.9415 · Cited by 34
Rondanelli, M., Perna, S., Faliva, M. A., Peroni, G., Infantino, V., & Pozzi, R. (2015) · PubMed · doi:10.3305/nh.2015.32.5.9638 · Cited by 32
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“Furthermore, as prescription drugs can impact some measures of functional disability more than others, the effect of prescription drug coverage on each item of the ADL and IADL was also assessed.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Role of Nutrition in Attenuating Age-Related Skeletal Muscle Atrophy
Abiri, B., & Vafa, M. (2020) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_12 · Cited by 14
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“Moreover, results of some other studies have shown that short-time creatine supplementation may improve motor fitness (23-25).”
BackgroundResultCreatine in women’s health: bridging the gap from menstruation through pregnancy to menopause
Smith‐Ryan, A. E., DelBiondo, G. M., Brown, A. F., Kleiner, S. M., Tran, N. T., & Ellery, S. J. (2025) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2025.2502094 · Cited by 17
“Studies in older women, like those Cañete et al. [12] and Chilibeck et al. [13], have shown improvements in functional capacity and muscle performance.”
Domingues, W. J. R., Ritti‐Dias, R. M., Cucato, G. G., Wolosker, N., Zerati, A. E., Puech‐Leão, P., Coelho, D. B., Nunhes, P. M., Moliterno, A. A., & Avelar, A. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13010149 · Cited by 12
“In addition, Cr supplementation promotes improvements in handgrip strength and reduces lower-limb muscle fatigue [11,12].”
BackgroundCreatine Supplementation in Endurance Sports
Cramer, J. T. (2008) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-573-2_3 · Cited by 8
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“, 2007) were designed as placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel interventions but the results were analysed as changes within groups from baseline, and a statistical analysis of between-group differences for the outcome variables of interest was not provided; five studies (Smith et al., 1998; Rawson et al., 1999;…”
BackgroundMethodPatel, D. I., Gonzalez, A., Moon, C., Serra, M. C., Bridges, P. B., Hughes, D. C., Clarke, G. D., Kilpela, L. S., Jiwani, R. B., & Musi, N. (2021) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/26827 · Cited by 6
“Although some publications suggest that creatine supplementation alone can increase strength and work capacity and delay the onset of fatigue in older men and women [16-19], the majority of studies suggest that the benefit of creatine supplementation is greatest when it is combined with hypertrophic stimuli, such as r…”
BackgroundYildiz, A., Özdemir, E., Gültürk, S., & Erdal, S. (2009) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 7
BENEFITS OF CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION FOR OLDER ADULTS
Stec, M. J., & Rawson, E. S. (2010) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · Cited by 5
Oral creatine supplementation: A potential adjunct therapy for rheumatoid arthritis patients
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Pereira, E. R., Nogueira, G. M. D. O., Coelho, D. B., Damasceno, W. C., Maia‐Lima, A., Garcia, E. S., & Filho, A. G. (2012) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/s1517-86922012000500001 · Cited by 2
Dobgenski, V. (2007) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 1
de Capitani, M. D. (2018) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.39.2018.tde-19062018-094527
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Khan, N. A. (2006) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/s1098-3015(10)64326-4
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Evans, C., Pereira, F., Candow, D. G., & António, J. (2025) · Longevity · doi:10.1080/30653495.2025.2565997
Metadata
- Authors
- Cañete, S., San Juan, A. F., Pérez, M., Gómez-Gallego, F., López-Mojares, L. M., Earnest, C. P., Fleck, S. J., & Lucia, A.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Europea de Madrid (ES)
- Cooper Institute (US)
- Colorado College (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 22
- ISSN
- 1064-8011 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4287
- OpenAlex
- W2061547574
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ABACUS. Repositorio de Producción Científica (Universidad Europea) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- creatine supplementation, older women, functional capacity, endurance capacity, ventilatory threshold, mechanical efficiency, exercise testing, aging
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Administration, Oral, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Creatine, Exercise Test, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Single-Blind Method, Dietary Supplements, Lower Extremity
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