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Neural Context Reinstatement Predicts Memory Misattribution
Open accessAbstract
What causes new information to be mistakenly attributed to an old experience? Some theories predict that reinstating the context of a prior experience allows new information to be bound to that context, leading to source memory confusion. To examine this prediction, we had human participants study two lists of items (visual objects) on separate days while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. List 1 items were accompanied by a stream of scene images during the intertrial interval, but list 2 items were not. As in prior work by Hupbach et al. (2009), we observed an asymmetric pattern of misattributions on a subsequent source memory test: participants showed a strong tendency to misattribute list 2 items to list 1 but not vice versa. We hypothesized that these memory errors were due to participants reinstating the list 1 context during list 2. To test this hypothesis, we used a pattern classifier to measure scene-related neural activity during list 2 study. Because scenes were visually present during list 1 but not list 2, scene-related activity during list 2 study can be used as a time-varying neural indicator of how much participants were reinstating the list 1 context during list 2 study. In keeping with our hypothesis, we found that prestimulus scene activation during the study of list 2 items was significantly higher for items subsequently misattributed to list 1 than for items subsequently correctly attributed to list 2. We conclude by discussing how these findings relate to theories of memory reconsolidation.
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“Adults’ generalization relied on remembering specific item-context representations, consistent with the notion that rapid generalization relies on retrieving specific instances 7,8, and that there was no generalization-specificity trade off 28,29”
From Contingency of semantic generalization on episodic specificity varies across development (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“One way that reactivation may support memory updating is via contextual reinstatement, by linking novel information that occurs during retrieval with the reinstated context of the reactivated memory (47, 49).”
From Neural mechanisms of reactivation-induced updating that enhance and distort memory (2013) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“and contextual reinstatement of scene-related activity in the posterior parahippocampal cortex underlies subsequent misattributions in memory (49).”
From Neural mechanisms of reactivation-induced updating that enhance and distort memory (2013) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the nature of awake reactivation, with some studies showing that reactivation enhances or even protects memory from new information (54, 64, 65) and other studies indicating that reactivation incorporates new information into memory (49, 65–67).”
From Neural mechanisms of reactivation-induced updating that enhance and distort memory (2013) · cites this paper as [49]
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Suresh, T., Kumar, A. M., & Mutha, P. K. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.06.26.661747
Metadata
- Authors
- Gershman, S. J., Schapiro, A. C., Hupbach, A., & Norman, K. A.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- Lehigh University (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2013-05-15
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 8590-8595
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3686093
- OpenAlex
- W2062302407
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 3.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH069456, T32MH065214)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- context reinstatement, scene memory, memory reconsolidation, pattern classification, visual object memory
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen, Photic Stimulation, Predictive Value of Tests, Time Factors, Multivariate Analysis, Young Adult
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