The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neural Context Reinstatement Predicts Memory Misattribution
Open accessAbstract
What causes new information to be mistakenly attributed to an old experience? Some theories predict that reinstating the context of a prior experience allows new information to be bound to that context, leading to source memory confusion. To examine this prediction, we had human participants study two lists of items (visual objects) on separate days while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. List 1 items were accompanied by a stream of scene images during the intertrial interval, but list 2 items were not. As in prior work by Hupbach et al. (2009), we observed an asymmetric pattern of misattributions on a subsequent source memory test: participants showed a strong tendency to misattribute list 2 items to list 1 but not vice versa. We hypothesized that these memory errors were due to participants reinstating the list 1 context during list 2. To test this hypothesis, we used a pattern classifier to measure scene-related neural activity during list 2 study. Because scenes were visually present during list 1 but not list 2, scene-related activity during list 2 study can be used as a time-varying neural indicator of how much participants were reinstating the list 1 context during list 2 study. In keeping with our hypothesis, we found that prestimulus scene activation during the study of list 2 items was significantly higher for items subsequently misattributed to list 1 than for items subsequently correctly attributed to list 2. We conclude by discussing how these findings relate to theories of memory reconsolidation.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Adults’ generalization relied on remembering specific item-context representations, consistent with the notion that rapid generalization relies on retrieving specific instances 7,8, and that there was no generalization-specificity trade off 28,29”
From Contingency of semantic generalization on episodic specificity varies across development (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“One way that reactivation may support memory updating is via contextual reinstatement, by linking novel information that occurs during retrieval with the reinstated context of the reactivated memory (47, 49).”
From Neural mechanisms of reactivation-induced updating that enhance and distort memory (2013) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“and contextual reinstatement of scene-related activity in the posterior parahippocampal cortex underlies subsequent misattributions in memory (49).”
From Neural mechanisms of reactivation-induced updating that enhance and distort memory (2013) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the nature of awake reactivation, with some studies showing that reactivation enhances or even protects memory from new information (54, 64, 65) and other studies indicating that reactivation incorporates new information into memory (49, 65–67).”
From Neural mechanisms of reactivation-induced updating that enhance and distort memory (2013) · cites this paper as [49]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A cortical representation of the local visual environment
Epstein, R. A., & Kanwisher, N. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/33402 · Cited by 3,096
Wandering minds: the default network and stimulus-independent thought
Mason, M. F., Norton, M. I., Van Horn, J. D., Wegner, D. M., Grafton, S. T., & Macrae, C. N. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1131295 · Cited by 2,792
The critical role of retrieval practice in long-term retention
Roediger, H. L., & Butler, A. C. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.09.003 · Cited by 1,796 · cited 1×
“Memory retrieval is a powerful learning event, providing an opportunity to strengthen a memory (Roediger and Butler, 2011) or update it with new information (Lee, 2008).”
BackgroundSemantic integration of verbal information into a visual memory
Loftus, E. F., Miller, D. G., & Burns, H. J. (1978) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.4.1.19 · Cited by 1,511
A Distributed Representation of Temporal Context
Howard, M. W., & Kahana, M. J. (2002) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1006/jmps.2001.1388 · Cited by 1,174
The Parahippocampal Place Area
Epstein, R. A., Harris, A. M., Stanley, D. A., & Kanwisher, N. (1999) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80758-8 · Cited by 859
Category-Specific Cortical Activity Precedes Retrieval During Memory Search
Polyn, S. M., Natu, V. S., Cohen, J. D., & Norman, K. A. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1117645 · Cited by 690
Self-citationReconsolidation of episodic memories: A subtle reminder triggers integration of new information
Hupbach, A., Gomez, R., Hardt, O., & Nadel, L. (2007) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.365707 · Cited by 544
Self-citationReconsolidation: maintaining memory relevance
Lee, J. L. C. (2009) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2009.05.002 · Cited by 516
Memory reconsolidation mediates the strengthening of memories by additional learning
Lee, J. L. C. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2205 · Cited by 420
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory Distortion
Schacter, D. L., & Slotnick, S. D. (2004) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.08.017 · Cited by 309
Distributed Representations in Memory: Insights from Functional Brain Imaging
Rissman, J., & Wagner, A. D. (2012) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100344 · Cited by 299 · cited 1×
“Johnson et al. (2009) used this method to show that retrieval of encoding-task information occurs during recognition tests, and Kuhl et al. (2012) used pattern classifiers to track competition between paired-associate memories (for review, see Rissman and Wagner, 2012).”
MethodRecollection, familiarity, and cortical reinstatement: a multivoxel pattern analysis
Johnson, J. D., McDuff, S. G. R., Rugg, M. D., & Norman, K. A. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.08.011 · Cited by 262
Self-citationThe dynamics of memory: Context-dependent updatingPreprint
Hupbach, A., Hardt, O. M., Gómez, R. L., & Nadel, L. (2008) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.1022308 · Cited by 254
Self-citationPrestimulus theta activity predicts correct source memory retrieval
Addante, R. J., Watrous, A. J., Yonelinas, A. P., Ekstrom, A. D., & Ranganath, C. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1014528108 · Cited by 204
Memory search and the neural representation of context
Polyn, S. M., & Kahana, M. J. (2008) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.10.010 · Cited by 202
Episodic memory reconsolidation: Updating or source confusion?
Hupbach, A., Gómez, R. L., & Nadel, L. (2009) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210902882399 · Cited by 150
Self-citationHuman memory reconsolidation can be explained using the temporal context model
Sederberg, P. B., Gershman, S. J., Polyn, S. M., & Norman, K. A. (2011) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-011-0086-9 · Cited by 125
Self-citationStark, C. E. L., Okado, Y., & Loftus, E. F. (2010) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.1845710 · Cited by 110
Neural Reactivation Reveals Mechanisms for Updating Memory
Kuhl, B. A., Bainbridge, W. A., & Chun, M. M. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5846-11.2012 · Cited by 105
Neural processing associated with true and false memory retrieval
Okado, Y., & Stark, C. E. L. (2003) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.3.4.323 · Cited by 89
McDuff, S. G. R., Tsibris, H. C., & Norman, K. A. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3587-08.2009 · Cited by 83
Self-citationEpisodic memory updating: The role of context familiarity
Hupbach, A., Gómez, R. L., & Nadel, L. (2011) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-011-0117-6 · Cited by 64
Self-citationQuamme (2010) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2010.00061 · Cited by 29
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Memory Engram Cells Have Come of Age
Tonegawa, S., Liu, X., Ramirez, S., & Redondo, R. L. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.08.002 · Cited by 661
An Update on Memory Reconsolidation Updating
Lee, J. L. C., Nader, K., & Schiller, D. (2017) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.04.006 · Cited by 557
Memory integration: neural mechanisms and implications for behavior
Schlichting, M. L., & Preston, A. R. (2014) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2014.07.005 · Cited by 442
Human memory reconsolidation: A guiding framework and critical review of the evidence.
Elsey, J. W. B., Van Ast, V. A., & Kindt, M. (2018) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000152 · Cited by 199
The computational nature of memory modification
Gershman, S. J., Monfils, M.-H., Norman, K. A., & Niv, Y. (2017) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.23763 · Cited by 172
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Gershman, S. J., Schapiro, A. C., Hupbach, A., & Norman, K. A.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- Lehigh University (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2013-05-15
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 8590-8595
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3686093
- OpenAlex
- W2062302407
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 3.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH069456, T32MH065214)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- context reinstatement, scene memory, memory reconsolidation, pattern classification, visual object memory
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen, Photic Stimulation, Predictive Value of Tests, Time Factors, Multivariate Analysis, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
