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Behavioral, Modeling, and Electrophysiological Evidence for Supramodality in Human Metacognition
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Human metacognition, or the capacity to introspect on one's own mental states, has been mostly characterized through confidence reports in visual tasks. A pressing question is to what extent results from visual studies generalize to other domains. Answering this question allows determining whether metacognition operates through shared, supramodal mechanisms or through idiosyncratic, modality-specific mechanisms. Here, we report three new lines of evidence for decisional and postdecisional mechanisms arguing for the supramodality of metacognition. First, metacognitive efficiency correlated among auditory, tactile, visual, and audiovisual tasks. Second, confidence in an audiovisual task was best modeled using supramodal formats based on integrated representations of auditory and visual signals. Third, confidence in correct responses involved similar electrophysiological markers for visual and audiovisual tasks that are associated with motor preparation preceding the perceptual judgment. We conclude that the supramodality of metacognition relies on supramodal confidence estimates and decisional signals that are shared across sensory modalities. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Metacognitive monitoring is the capacity to access, report, and regulate one's own mental states. In perception, this allows rating our confidence in what we have seen, heard, or touched. Although metacognitive monitoring can operate on different cognitive domains, we ignore whether it involves a single supramodal mechanism common to multiple cognitive domains or modality-specific mechanisms idiosyncratic to each domain. Here, we bring evidence in favor of the supramodality hypothesis by showing that participants with high metacognitive performance in one modality are likely to perform well in other modalities. Based on computational modeling and electrophysiology, we propose that supramodality can be explained by the existence of supramodal confidence estimates and by the influence of decisional cues on confidence estimates.
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“Behaviorally, individual differences in metacognitive efficiency have been shown to be correlated across distinct task domains, after controlling for correlations in performance (Ais et al. 2016, Faivre et al. 2018, Mazancieux et al. 2020, Rouault et al. 2018b).”
From Metacognition and Confidence: A Review and Synthesis (2024) · cites this paper as Faivre et al. 2018
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Rouault, M., Seow, T. X. F., Gillan, C. M., & Fleming, S. M. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.12.017 · Cited by 349
Morales, J., Lau, H., & Fleming, S. M. (2018) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2360-17.2018 · Cited by 274
Metacognition and Confidence: A Review and Synthesis
Fleming, S. M. (2024) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-022423-032425 · Cited by 256
“Behaviourally, individual differences in metacognitive efficiency have been shown to be correlated across distinct task domains, after controlling for correlations in performance (Mazancieux et al., 2020, Rouault et al., 2018b, Ais et al., 2016, Faivre et al., 2018).”
Vaccaro, A. G., & Fleming, S. M. (2018) · Brain and Neuroscience Advances · doi:10.1177/2398212818810591 · Cited by 218
Metacognitive Failure as a Feature of Those Holding Radical Beliefs
Rollwage, M., Dolan, R. J., & Fleming, S. M. (2018) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.053 · Cited by 193
Metadata
- Authors
- Faivre, N., Filevich, E., Solovey, G., Kühn, S., & Blanke, O.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (AR)
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (CH)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2017-09-15
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 263-277
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6596112
- OpenAlex
- W2754330789
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 17.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Fondation Bertarelli
- European Science Foundation
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- metacognition, metacognitive confidence, sensory modalities, audiovisual perception, auditory perception, tactile perception, visual perception, metacognitive efficiency, electrophysiological markers, motor preparation
- MeSH terms
- Metacognition, Brain, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Neurological, Perception, Young Adult
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