The DOI matches its Crossref record; 65 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Galectin-3 Is Required for Resident Microglia Activation and Proliferation in Response to Ischemic Injury
Open accessAbstract
Growing evidence suggests that galectin-3 is involved in fine tuning of the inflammatory responses at the periphery, however, its role in injured brain is far less clear. Our previous work demonstrated upregulation and coexpression of galectin-3 and IGF-1 in a subset of activated/proliferating microglial cells after stroke. Here, we tested the hypothesis that galectin-3 plays a pivotal role in mediating injury-induced microglial activation and proliferation. By using a galectin-3 knock-out mouse ( Gal-3KO ), we demonstrated that targeted disruption of the galectin-3 gene significantly alters microglia activation and induces ∼4-fold decrease in microglia proliferation. Defective microglia activation/proliferation was further associated with significant increase in the size of ischemic lesion, ∼2-fold increase in the number of apoptotic neurons, and a marked deregulation of the IGF-1 levels. Next, our results revealed that contrary to WT cells, the Gal3-KO microglia failed to proliferate in response to IGF-1. Moreover, the IGF-1-mediated mitogenic microglia response was reduced by N -glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycine while coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed galectin-3 binding to IGF-receptor 1 (R1), thus suggesting that interaction of galectin-3 with the N -linked glycans of receptors for growth factors is involved in IGF-R1 signaling. While the canonical IGF-1 signaling pathways were not affected, we observed an overexpression of IL-6 and SOCS3, suggesting an overactivation of JAK/STAT3, a shared signaling pathway for IGF-1/IL-6. Together, our findings suggest that galectin-3 is required for resident microglia activation and proliferation in response to ischemic injury.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Microglial proliferation has been shown to be the main contributor to increased microglial numbers under certain disease states such as ischemia, facial nerve transection, prion disease, and Alzheimer’s disease [42, 61–64].”
From IL-1β-driven amyloid plaque clearance is associated with an expansion of transcriptionally reprogrammed microglia (2019) · cites this paper as [62]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Microglia: Active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain
Hanisch, U.-K., & Kettenmann, H. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1997 · Cited by 3,676
Cytokines and acute neurodegeneration
Allan, S. M., & Rothwell, N. J. (2001) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35094583 · Cited by 1,145
Interleukin-1 and neuronal injury
Allan, S. M., Tyrrell, P. J., & Rothwell, N. J. (2005) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1664 · Cited by 992
Negative regulation of T-cell activation and autoimmunity by Mgat5 N-glycosylation
Demetriou, M., Granovsky, M., Quaggin, S., & Dennis, J. W. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35055582 · Cited by 901
Turning 'sweet' on immunity: galectin–glycan interactions in immune tolerance and inflammation
Rabinovich, G. A., & Toscano, M. A. (2009) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2536 · Cited by 900
Selective Ablation of Proliferating Microglial Cells Exacerbates Ischemic Injury in the Brain
Lalancette-Hébert, M., Gowing, G., Simard, A., Weng, Y. C., & Kriz, J. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5360-06.2007 · Cited by 874
Self-citationGalectins: structure, function and therapeutic potential
Yang, R., Rabinovich, G. A., & Liu, F. (2008) · Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1017/s1462399408000719 · Cited by 862
SOCS Proteins: Negative Regulators of Cytokine Signaling
Krebs, D. L., & Hilton, D. J. (2001) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1634/stemcells.19-5-378 · Cited by 826
Beaulieu, J., Sotnikova, T. D., Yao, W., Kockeritz, L. K., Woodgett, J. R., Gainetdinov, R. R., & Caron, M. G. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0307921101 · Cited by 815
Self-citationRegulation of Cytokine Receptors by Golgi N-Glycan Processing and Endocytosis
Partridge, E. A., Le Roy, C., Di Guglielmo, G. M., Pawling, J., Cheung, P., Granovsky, M., Nabi, I. R., Wrana, J. L., & Dennis, J. W. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1102109 · Cited by 735
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–251 of 251
Yao, M., Liang, D., Zeng, X., Xie, X., Gao, J., & Huang, L. (2024) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s455401 · Cited by 5
Amin, D., & Kuwajima, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Ophthalmology · doi:10.3389/fopht.2022.905352 · Cited by 5
Validity of galactin-3 in acromegaly: comparison with traditional markers
Saadi, M. T., Mohammed, N. U. G., Abed, B. A., Farhan, L. O., & Salman, I. N. (2024) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/s11845-024-03674-w · Cited by 4
Gai, C., Zhao, Y., Xin, D., Li, T., Cheng, Y., Jiang, Z., Song, Y. Y., Liu, D., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12060854 · Cited by 4
Could Galectin-3 be a key player in the etiology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder?
Ramakrishnan, P. (2020) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110450 · Cited by 3
Reactions of Microglial Cells in the Sensorimotor Cortex of Rats after Transient Ischemia
Yaremenko, L. M., & Grabovyi, O. M. (2017) · Neurophysiology · doi:10.1007/s11062-017-9638-6 · Cited by 3
Li, H., Li, J., Xiao, W. L., Zhang, Y., Lv, Y., Yu, X., & Zheng, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2021.666054 · Cited by 3
Wang, Q., Zeng, F., Fang, C., Sun, Y., Zhao, X., Rong, X., Zhang, H., & Xu, Y. (2024) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149106 · Cited by 3
Sato, S. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819475-1.00052-3 · Cited by 2
Self-citationManouchehrian, O., Andersson, E., Eriksson-Hallberg, B., & Deierborg, T. (2022) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0000000000001778 · Cited by 2
Yaremenko, L. M., Grabovоy, O. M., & Shepelev, S. E. (2017) · World of Medicine and Biology · doi:10.26724/2079-8334-2017-4-62-173-178 · Cited by 2
Hedef, A., Baylan, F. A., Dülgeroğlu, Y., Berktaş, D. T., & Tolun, F. İ. (2022) · Turkish Journal Of Neurology · doi:10.4274/tnd.2022.01947 · Cited by 2
Cao, T., Liu, Q., Pan, M., & Zhang, X. (2023) · PubMed Central · doi:10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.12.04 · Cited by 2
Zhao, J., Fu, R., Chu, L., & Yang, Z. (2025) · Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101937 · Cited by 1
Camprubí-Ferrer, L., Kolbay, Ö. K., Quattromani, M. J., Wieloch, T. W., Ruscher, K., & Deierborg, T. (2026) · Neuroprotection/Neuroprotection (Chichester, England. Print) · doi:10.1002/nep3.70028 · Cited by 1
Shin, T., Carrillo-Salinas, F. J., Feliú, A., Mecha, M., & Guaza, C. (2013) · Korean Journal of Veterinary Research · doi:10.14405/kjvr.2013.53.3.159 · Cited by 1
Inflammation in central nervous system diseases
Shichita, T., & Yoshimura, A. (2016) · Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1111/cen3.12290 · Cited by 1
Serum galectin-3 as a potential predictive biomarker Is associated with post-stroke depression
Yuan, W., Feng, Y., Yang, T., Mahemuti, K., & Yao, E. (2023) · Neurology Asia · doi:10.54029/2023szm · Cited by 1
Zhang, X., Yang, L., Zhang, J., Huang, P., Jin, Z., Liu, Y., & Zeng, D. (2023) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2023.10.014 · Cited by 1
Hermann, D. M., Bacigaluppi, M., & Peruzzotti‐Jametti, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2023.1269763 · Cited by 1
Loss of Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor Sensitizes C57BL/6J Mice to Light-Induced Retinal DamagePreprint
Shelton, D. A., Papania, J. T., Getz, T. E., Sellers, J. T., Giradot, P. E., Chrenek, M. A., Grossniklaus, H. E., Boatright, J. H., & Nickerson, J. M. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.12.04.626802 · Cited by 1
Review Article Microglia and ischemic stroke: a double-edged sword
Patel, A. R., Ritzel, R. M., McCullough, L. D., & Liu, F. (2013)
Microglia: A Double-Sided Sword in Stroke
Shi, H., Xu, M., Shi, Y., Gao, Y., Chen, J., & Hu, X. (2016) · Springer series in translational stroke research · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32337-4_7
Yaremenko, L. M., Бідна, Л. П., Shepelev, S. E., & Grabovyi, O. M. (2018) · World of Medicine and Biology · doi:10.26724/2079-8334-2018-3-65-205-210
Boza‐Serrano, A., Ruiz, R., Sanchez-Varo, R. M., Yang, Y., García‐Revilla, J., Jiménez-Ferrer, I., Paulus, A., Wennström, M., Vilalta, A., Allendorf, D. H., et al. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/477927
The Role of Galectin-3 in Stroke and Diseases of the Cerebrovascular System
Venkatraman, A., Khawaja, A. M., & Kumar, N. (2018) · Med One · doi:10.20900/mo.20180009
Porquoi Médée?: Entretien avec Christa Wolf
Kammann, P. (2000) · La Licorne
Ex-vivo analysis platforms for amyloid precursor protein cleavagePreprint
Kamikubo, Y., Jin, H., Niisato, K., Hashimoto, Y., Takasugi, N., & Sakurai, T. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-474727/v1
Five Genes as Diagnostic Markers of Ischemic Stroke and Their Correlation with Immune InfiltrationPreprint
Wang, M., Zhang, R., Guan, Q., Yao, Y., & Han, L. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-936536/v1
Time-sequential Neuroinflammatory Response After Organophosphate-induced Status EpilepticusPreprint
Maupu, C., Enderlin, J., Igert, A., Auvin, S., Hassan-Abdi, R., Soussi‐Yanicostas, N., Brazzolotto, X., Nachon, F., Bo, G. D., & Dupuis, N. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-72760/v1
Varrier, M., Forni, L. G., & Ostermann, M. (2015) · Annual update in intensive care and emergency medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13761-2_28
Barrier Mechanisms in Neonatal Stroke
Vexler, Z. S. (2016) · Springer series in translational stroke research · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32337-4_4
Chiang, C. (2019) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.736337566.793567336
Ex-Vivo Analysis Platforms for Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleavage.Preprint
Kamikubo, Y., Jin, H., Niisato, K., Hashimoto, Y., Takasugi, N., & Sakurai, T. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-474727/v2
(2023) · Advances in magnetic resonance technology and applications · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91771-1.00005-8
Zhu, C., Chen, D., Zhe-hao, L., Wang, Y., Han, X., & Chen, Q. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1666597
Serotonin & developmental axonal refinement : microglia contribution ?
Kołodziejczak, M. (2015) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/32af3e0ez698cz4674z8272z43790894ff9e
Tabel, M., Wolf, A., Szczepan, M., Xu, H., Jägle, H., Moehle, C., Chen, M., & Langmann, T. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21152882
Li, T., Zhao, J., Xie, W., Yuan, W., Guo, J., Pang, S., Gan, W.-B., Gómez‐Nicola, D., & Zhang, S. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14274544
Li, T., Zhao, J., Xie, W., Yuan, W., Guo, J., Pang, S., Gan, W.-B., Gómez‐Nicola, D., & Zhang, S. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14274547
Shi, H., Yin, Z., Koronyo, Y., Fuchs, D.-T., Sheyn, J., Davis, M. R., Wilson, J. W., Margeta, M. A., Pitts, K. M., Herron, S., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21069636
The intricate relationship between cytokines and galectins in immune modulation
Gennesse, S. M., Koenen, R. R., & Thijssen, V. L. (2026) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2026.02.002
Wang, M., Huang, Z., Du, Z., Shan, J., Ye, Q., Lu, L., Jiang, M., Xu, F., Liu, Z., Fulton, D. J. R., et al. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci194139
Piétri, M. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/3122d414zcceez468bz8e31z83d8dba42e33
Syndrome de Rett et implication des organes périphériques : de la physiopathologie à la thérapie
Borloz, E. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/6910a242za2edz4509zbc5aze548081377dd
Predictive value of Galectin-3 in cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yang, Y., Zeng, X.-X., He, X., Huang, X. J., Xu, M.-X., Mao, F.-L., Wang, Y., & Qin, F. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1851363
Wang, Q., Luo, H., Fan, F., Zhao, Z., Liu, D., Liao, L., & Bai, S. (2026) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/s12868-026-01048-9
Wenhua, Y., Wenjing, M., Yan, D., Fei, L., Chen, J., Xia, T., Guan, Y., Xin, L., Huang, Y., Guo, Y., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1934307
Protective role of Galectin‐3 in prion disease through regulation of microglial PrP Sc uptake
Makarava, N., Safadi, T., Pandit, N. P., Mychko, O., Bocharova, O. V., Shevelkin, A. V., Molesworth, K., Lipinski, M. M., & Baskakov, I. V. (2026) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.70161 · Cited by 1
Recent advances in immunomodulatory biomaterial strategies for neural tissue healing
Childress, L., Li, L., Harmon, P. W., & Song, S. (2026) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2026.10.066
Metadata
- Authors
- Lalancette-Hébert, M., Swarup, V., Beaulieu, J. M., Bohacek, I., Abdelhamid, E., Weng, Y. C., Sato, S., & Kriz, J.
- Affiliations
- Centre hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CA)
- Université Laval (CA)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2012-07-25
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 30
- Pages
- 10383-10395
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6703730
- OpenAlex
- W2140635355
- Cited by
- 251
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 7.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Galectins and Cancer Biology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- galectin-3, microglial activation, microglial proliferation, ischemic stroke, ischemic injury, insulin-like growth factor I, IGF-1 receptor, N-glycosylation, tunicamycin, JAK/STAT3 signaling, interleukin-6, SOCS3, neuronal apoptosis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Cells, Cultured, Brain Ischemia, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Macrophages, Signal Transduction, Interleukin-6, Up-Regulation, Microglia, Mice, Knockout, Galectin 3, Cell Proliferation, STAT3 Transcription Factor, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
