Galanin receptor-mediated inhibition of glutamate release in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus
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It is thought that galanin, a 29 amino acid neuropeptide, is involved in various neuronal functions, including the regulation of food intake and hormone release. Consistent with this idea, galanin receptors have been demonstrated throughout the brain, with high levels being observed in the hypothalamus. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which galanin elicits its actions in the brain. Therefore, we studied the effects of galanin and its analogs on synaptic transmission using an in vitro slice preparation of rat hypothalamus. In arcuate nucleus neurons, application of galanin resulted in an inhibition of evoked glutamatergic EPSCs and a decrease in paired-pulse depression, indicating a presynaptic action. The fragments galanin 1-16 and 1-15 produced a robust depression of synaptic transmission, whereas the fragment 3-29 produced a lesser degree of depression. The chimeric peptides C7, M15, M32, and M40, which have been reported to antagonize some actions of galanin, all produced varying degrees of depression of evoked EPSCs. In a minority of cases, C7, M15, and M40 antagonized the actions of galanin. Analysis of mEPSCs in the presence of TTX and Cd2+, or after application of alpha-latrotoxin, indicated a site of action for galanin downstream of Ca2+ entry. Thus, our data suggest that galanin acts via several subtypes of presynaptic receptors to depress synaptic transmission in the rat arcuate nucleus.
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Galanin receptors have been found in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.
“Furthermore, galanin receptors have been found in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (Kinney et al., 1998; Leibowitz, 1998)”
From The oxytocin receptor represents a key hub in the GPCR heteroreceptor network: Potential relevance for brain and behavior (2022) · cites this paper as Kinney et al., 1998
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- Authors
- Kinney, G. A., Emmerson, P. J., & Miller, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 1998-05-15
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3489-3500
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6793144
- OpenAlex
- W1712783605
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01da002575-15, 5r37mh040165-23)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R37-MH-040165, MH40165)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA02575, R01DA002121, DA-02121)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK042086)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- galanin, galanin receptors, arcuate nucleus, hypothalamus, glutamate release, presynaptic inhibition, synaptic transmission, paired-pulse depression, chimeric peptides, calcium influx, food intake regulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus, Complement C7, Female, Male, Neural Inhibition, Synaptic Transmission, Neuropeptides, Peptide Fragments, Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone, Spider Venoms, Substance P, Rats, Wistar, Receptors, AMPA, alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists, Glutamic Acid, Galanin, GTP-Binding Proteins, Receptors, Galanin, Rats
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