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Cited by 170Visual perception and processing mechanismsNeural dynamics and brain functionNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

The timing of response onset and offset in macaque visual neurons

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Bair, Wyeth, Cavanaugh, James R., Smith, Matthew A., Movshon, J. Anthony·2002·The Journal of Neuroscience
DOI 10.1523/jneurosci.22-08-03189.2002PMC PMC6757536
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Abstract

We used fast, pseudorandom temporal sequences of preferred and antipreferred stimuli to drive neuronal firing rates rapidly between minimal and maximal across the visual system. Stimuli were tailored to the preferences of cells recorded in the lateral geniculate nucleus (magnocellular and parvocellular), primary visual cortex (simple and complex), and the extrastriate motion area MT. We found that cells took longer to turn on (to increase their firing rate) than to turn off (to reduce their rate). The latency difference (onset minus offset) varied from several to tens of milliseconds across cell type and stimulus class and was correlated with spontaneous or driven firing rates for most cell classes. The delay for response onset depended on the nature of the stimulus present before the preferred stimulus appeared, and may result from persistent inhibition caused by antipreferred stimuli or from suppression that followed the offset of the preferred stimulus. The onset delay showed three distinct types of dependence on the temporal sequence of stimuli across classes of cells, implying that suppression may accumulate or wear off with time. Onset latency is generally longer, can be more variable, and has marked stimulus dependence compared with offset latency. This suggests an important role for offset latency in assessing the speed of information transmission in the visual system and raises the possibility that signal offsets provide a timing reference for visual processing. We discuss the origin of the delay in onset latency compared with offset latency and consider how it may limit the utility of certain feedforward circuits.

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  • The representation of accumulated evidence in LIP is delayed by at least 100 ms compared with the activity of direction-selective neurons in the middle temporal area (MT).

    “First, the representation of accumulated evidence in LIP is delayed by at least 100 ms compared with the activity of direction-selective neurons in the middle temporal area (MT) (Britten et al., 1996;Bair et al., 2002;Roitman and Shadlen, 2002;Osborne et al., 2004;Huk and Shadlen, 2005).”

    From Bounded Integration in Parietal Cortex Underlies Decisions Even When Viewing Duration Is Dictated by the Environment (2008) · cites this paper as Bair et al., 2002

  • The latency of decision-related activity in LIP is at least 100 ms longer than the emergence of directional responses from MT and V1, and it exceeds simple saccadic latencies.

    “The latency of decision-related activity is at least 100 ms longer than the emergence of directional responses from neurons in areas MT and V1 (Britten et al., 1996;Bair et al., 2002;Osborne et al., 2004), and it exceeds simple saccadic latencies (Carpenter, 1988).”

    From Bounded Integration in Parietal Cortex Underlies Decisions Even When Viewing Duration Is Dictated by the Environment (2008) · cites this paper as Bair et al., 2002

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Casagrande VA, Norton TT (1991) Lateral geniculate nucleus: a review of its physiology and function. In: Vision and visual dysfunction: the neural basis of visual function, Vol 4, (Leventhal AG, ed), pp 41-84. London: Macmillan.
  2. Sutter EE (1987) A practical non-stochastic approach to nonlinear time- domain analysis. In: Advanced methods of physiological systems mod- eling, Vol 1 (Marmaerelis V, ed), pp 303-315. Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California.

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Authors
Bair, W., Cavanaugh, J. R., Smith, M. A., & Movshon, J. A.
Affiliations
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
  • New York University (US)
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Neuroscience
Publisher
Society for Neuroscience
Published
2002-04-15
Volume
22
Issue
8
Pages
3189-3205
ISSN
  • 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
  • 1529-2401
DOI
10.1523/jneurosci.22-08-03189.2002
PMC
PMC6757536
OpenAlex
W2124621238
Cited by
170
References
114
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 4
FWCI
5.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Eye Institute (R01EY002017)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords
visual neurons, lateral geniculate nucleus, primary visual cortex, spontaneous firing rate, feedforward circuits, macaque visual system
MeSH terms
Action Potentials, Animals, Geniculate Bodies, Macaca fascicularis, Motion Perception, Neural Inhibition, Synaptic Transmission, Neurons, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways

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