The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The structural integrity of an amygdala-prefrontal pathway predicts trait anxiety
Open accessAbstract
Here, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and showed that the strength of an axonal pathway identified between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex predicted individual differences in trait anxiety. A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) functional localizer that has been shown to produce reliable amygdala activation was collected in 20 psychiatrically healthy subjects. Voxelwise regression analyses using this fMRI amygdala reactivity as a regressor were performed on fractional anisotropy images derived from DTI. This analysis identified a white matter pathway between the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Individual differences in the structural integrity of this putative amygdala–prefrontal pathway were inversely correlated with trait anxiety levels (i.e., higher pathway strength predicted lower anxiety). More generally, this study illustrates a strategy for combining fMRI and DTI to identify individual differences in structural pathways that predict behavioral outcomes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“Importantly, projections to the nuclei of the amygdala reported in Ebeling and von Cramon (1992) refers to the entorhinal cortex and should not be mistaken for the amygdala proper as is often done (Schmahmann and Pandya, 2006; Kim and Whalen, 2009).”
From Cortical Terminations of the Inferior Fronto-Occipital and Uncinate Fasciculi: Anatomical Stem-Based Virtual Dissection (2016) · cites this paper as Kim and Whalen, 2009
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These discrepancies may be due to the existence of adjacent tracts, such as the amygdalo-temporo or amygdala-prefrontal pathways (Klinger and Gloor, 1960; Kim and Whalen, 2009) which may have been sometimes misattributed to the UF.”
From Cortical Terminations of the Inferior Fronto-Occipital and Uncinate Fasciculi: Anatomical Stem-Based Virtual Dissection (2016) · cites this paper as Kim and Whalen, 2009
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, individual differences in amygdala responsivity have been associated with integrity of white matter fibers, including the uncinate fasciculus in healthy control subjects (24), suggesting a relation between frontolimbic activity and structural connectivity.”
From Relation Between Structural and Functional Connectivity in Major Depressive Disorder (2013) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Connectivity analyses within anterior mPFC have revealed a ventrally mediated viscerolimbic affective and self-relevance network (with connections to amygdala, insula, and nucleus accumbens) and a dorsally mediated cognitive network (with connections to dorsolateral PFC and hippocampus) (Kim & Whalen, 2009; Price, Carmichael, & Drevets, 1996; Schmitz & Johnson, 2006).”
From A Meta-analysis of Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Self- and Other Judgments Reveals a Spatial Gradient for Mentalizing in Medial Prefrontal Cortex (2012) · cites this paper as Kim & Whalen, 2009
In the citing paper
“Structural abnormalities, such as reduced grey matter volume in the mPFC and weaker integrity of the uncinate fasciculus, have been reported in adults with anxious temperament and anxiety disorders24–28.”
From Multimodal evidence for delayed threat extinction learning in adolescence and young adulthood (2019) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Notably, weaker structural integrity of the uncinate fasciculus has been found in populations with anxious temperament24–27,32, suggesting that this tract may play a crucial role in anxiety aetiology.”
From Multimodal evidence for delayed threat extinction learning in adolescence and young adulthood (2019) · cites this paper as [24]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032 · cited 3×
“Descriptive statistics for self-report measures are as follows: STAI-S, 32.85 7.03; STAI-T, 37.15 8.25; BDI, 3.40 3.97.”
MethodInfluentialThe assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory
Oldfield, R. C. (1971) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4 · Cited by 35,900 · cited 2×
“Handedness Inventory (Oldfield, 1971).”
MethodAdvances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL
Smith, S. M., Jenkinson, M., Woolrich, M. W., Beckmann, C. F., Behrens, T. E. J., Johansen-Berg, H., Bannister, P. R., De Luca, M., Drobnjak, I., Flitney, D. E., et al. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051 · Cited by 13,630 · cited 2×
“Diffusionweighted images were preprocessed using the Diffusion Toolbox and FSL software of the Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (Smith et al., 2004).”
MethodAFNI: Software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages
Cox, R. W. (1996) · Computers and Biomedical Research · doi:10.1006/cbmr.1996.0014 · Cited by 10,913 · cited 2×
“mented in AlphaSim within AFNI software (Cox, 1996).”
MethodInfluentialNonrigid registration using free-form deformations: application to breast mr images
Rueckert, D., Sonoda, L. I., Hayes, C., Hill, D. L. G., Leach, M. O., & Hawkes, D. J. (1999) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/42.796284 · Cited by 5,265 · cited 2×
“To generate spatially normalized individual FA images, each individual image was aligned into Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI)-152 standard space using nonlinear registration (Rueckert et al., 1999).”
MethodMaldjian, J. A., Laurienti, P. J., Kraft, R., & Burdette, J. H. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00169-1 · Cited by 5,066 · cited 1×
“Voxels with FA values 0.2 were removed before statistical analyses, and an additional white matter mask derived from the Wake Forest University Pick Atlas (Maldjian et al., 2003) was applied to the images to ensure the results were attributable to white matter.”
MethodInfluentialThe basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system—A technical review.
Beaulieu, C. (2002) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.782 · Cited by 4,628
Ekman, P. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,345
Basser, P. J., & Pierpaoli, C. (1996) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series B · doi:10.1006/jmrb.1996.0086 · Cited by 4,306 · cited 1×
“A popular scale that measures the degree of anisotropy is fractional anisotropy (FA), which is thought to be modulated by the degree of myelination, axonal membrane thickness and diameter, and/or amount of parallel organization of axons (Basser and Pierpaoli, 1996; Beaulieu, 2002).”
BackgroundEtkin, A., & Wager, T. D. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07030504 · Cited by 3,391 · cited 2×
“Second, other studies showing an inverse relationship between the amygdala and vmPFC involved clinically pathological groups (Rauch et al., 2000; Shin et al., 2005; Etkin and Wager, 2007).”
Background
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Amaral DG Price JL Pitkanen A Carmichael ST (1992) in The amygdala: neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory, and mental dysfunction, Anatomical organization of the primate amygdaloid complex, ed Aggleton JP (Wiley, New York).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 433
Chien, J., Colloca, L., Korzeniewska, A., Meeker, T. J., Bienvenu, O. J., Saffer, M., & Lenz, F. A. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20236751 · Cited by 14
Pérez, E. J. P., López‐Durán, A., & Arroyo, Á. O. (2010) · Cited by 10
The role of puberty on physical and brain development: A longitudinal study in male Rhesus Macaques
Kovacs-Balint, Z. A., Raper, J., Richardson, R., Gopakumar, A., Kettimuthu, K., Higgins, M. K., Feczko, E., Earl, E., Ethun, K. F., Li, L., et al. (2023) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101237 · Cited by 11
“These findings are consistent with reports that PFC GM in humans and macaques grows until puberty and declines throughout adolescence (Giedd, 1999; Giedd, 2004; Lenroot and Giedd, 2006; Giedd and Rapoport, 2010; Knickmeyer et al., 2010).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialLindner, P., Flodin, P., Larm, P., Budhiraja, M., Savic, I., Jokinen, J., Tiihonen, J., & Hodgins, S. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19569-7 · Cited by 15
Mantanona, C. P., Alsiö, J., Elson, J. L., Fisher, B. M., Dalley, J. W., Bussey, T. J., & Pienaar, I. S. (2019) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-019-01957-y · Cited by 13
“Again, several studies implicated the PFC in anxiety-related behavior, with the PFC that was shown to exert integral control (via cholinergic reciprocal connections) over the limbic system (Kim and Whalen 2009).”
BackgroundGenes, cognition, and social behavior: Next steps for foundations and researchers
Lupia, A. (2011) · Politics and the Life Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0730938400014052 · Cited by 10
Takita, M., & Kikusui, T. (2015) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2015.08.003 · Cited by 11
Ren, P., Anthony, M., Chapman, B. P., Heffner, K. L., & Lin, F. V. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.03.016 · Cited by 10
“In addition, disruption of amygdala-PFC connectivity is related to trait anxiety (Kim and Whalen, 2009).”
BackgroundDayı, A., Kıray, M., Şişman, A. R., Özbal, S., Baykara, B., Aksu, İ., & Uysal, N. (2019) · Biotechnic & Histochemistry · doi:10.1080/10520295.2018.1528384 · Cited by 9
“The PFC regulates stress and emotional responses by regulating and controlling amygdala outputs (Kim and Whalen 2009).”
BackgroundSimon, R. A., Barazanji, N., Jones, M. P., Bednarska, O., Icenhour, A., Engström, M., Hamilton, J. P., Keita, Å. V., & Walter, S. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-80873-2 · Cited by 11
Reliability and Validity of the German Version of the Emotional Style Questionnaire
Jekauc, D., Mülberger, L., Weyland, S., Ennigkeit, F., Wunsch, K., Krell‐Roesch, J., & Fritsch, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.749585 · Cited by 12
“A high level of resilience is associated with a strong neuronal connection between the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex (Kim and Whalen, 2009; Davidson and McEwen, 2012).”
BackgroundDiffusivity of the uncinate fasciculus in heroin users relates to their levels of anxiety
Wong, N. M. L., Cheung, S., Chan, C. C. H., Zeng, H., Liu, Y.-P., So, K., & Lee, T. M. C. (2015) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2015.48 · Cited by 10
Jamieson, D., Schwenn, P., Beaudequin, D. A., Shan, Z., McLoughlin, L. T., Lagopoulos, J., & Hermens, D. F. (2020) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1002/jdn.10077 · Cited by 11
“Studies have reported associations between the structural integrity of the uncinate fasciculus (UF) and the likelihood of suffering from anxiety disorders (Baur et al., 2012; Kim & Whalen, 2009; Phan et al., 2009).”
BackgroundTrait anxiety predicts amygdalar responses during direct processing of threat-related pictures
Lin, H., Miltner, W. H. R., & Straube, T. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-98023-7 · Cited by 11
Hippocampal Involvement in Safety Signal Learning Varies With Anxiety Among Healthy Adults
Odriozola, P., Kribakaran, S., Cohodes, E. M., Zacharek, S. J., McCauley, S., Haberman, J. T., Quintela, L. A., Hernandez, C., Spencer, H., Pruessner, L., et al. (2023) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.05.007 · Cited by 7
A Correlation Study between Tri-Guna and Emotional Style
Ravindra, P. N., & Babu, P. (2021) · International Journal of Yoga · doi:10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_52_21 · Cited by 13
“This ability to recover from negative emotional state depends on the connectivity between prefrontal and amygdala.[29] In the present study, increasing Sattva is shown to improve resilience and outlook, whereas Rajas and Tamas were negatively correlated.”
Structural connectome-based prediction of trait anxiety
Yoo, C., Park, S., & Kim, M. J. (2022) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-022-00700-2 · Cited by 9
“…multiple neuroimaging studies reported decreased structural connectivity of the UF and/ or amygdala-PFC tracts as a function of trait anxiety (Kim & Whalen, 2009; Eden et al., 2015; Greening & Mitchell, 2015; Kim et al., 2016; De Witte & Mueller, 2017) as well as pathological anxiety (Phan…”
BackgroundSelf-citationYao, Z., Yang, M., Yang, C.-T., Chang, Y., & Hsieh, S. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-51722-3 · Cited by 10
Aggarwal, N., Tromp, D., Blackford, J. U., Pine, D. S., Roseboom, P. H., Williams, L. E., & Kalin, N. H. (2024) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20221048 · Cited by 9
Long-Term Effects of Postearthquake Distress on Brain Microstructural Changes
Sekiguchi, A., Kotozaki, Y., Sugiura, M., Nouchi, R., Takeuchi, H., Hanawa, S., Nakagawa, S., Miyauchi, C. M., Araki, T., Sakuma, A., et al. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/180468 · Cited by 10
“Reduced WMI in the anterior Cg is frequently reported in patients with anxiety disorders such as PTSD [6–8, 39], social anxiety disorder (SAD) [40], and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) [41] and in healthy subjects with high trait anxiety [42, 43].”
BackgroundMoreno-López, L., Sallie, S. N., Ioannidis, K., Kaşer, M., Schueler, K., Askelund, A. D., Turner, L., & van Harmelen, A. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040394 · Cited by 10
Spatiotemporal dynamics of nonhuman primate white matter development during the first year of life
Aggarwal, N., Moody, J. F., Dean, D., Tromp, D., Kecskemeti, S. R., Oler, J. A., Alexander, A. L., & Kalin, N. H. (2021) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117825 · Cited by 9
“Correpondingly, alterations in WM microstructure identified during child- ood have been associated with some psychiatric and neurological disrders ( Heng et al., 2010 ; Kim and Whalen, 2009 ; Savadjiev et al., 2014 ; romp et al., 2019 ).”
BackgroundCombining Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy
Gorman, J. M. (2016) · Psychodynamic Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/pdps.2016.44.2.183 · Cited by 11
An epigenetic mechanism of social isolation stress in adolescent female mice
Li, P., & Yan, Z. (2023) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100601 · Cited by 8
“Human functional imaging studies have found that the higher strength of amygdala-prefrontal pathway is related to lower anxiety level (Kim and Whalen, 2009), and ACC in PFC constitutes a hub to process and regulate negative affect and anxiety (Shackman et al., 2011).”
Yoon, S. A., & Weierich, M. R. (2017) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.01.015 · Cited by 8
“…(e.g., Carballedo et al., 2012; de Kwaasteniet et al., 2013; Murphy et al., 2012; Steele et al., 2005) and anxiety (e.g., Hanson et al., 2015; Kim and Whalen, 2009; Tromp et al., 2012), the reports on the association between trauma exposure and UF integrity have been mixed (e.g., Costanzo et…”
Factor Structure of Slovak Adaptation of Attentional Control Scale
Michalko, D. (2018) · Studia Psychologica · doi:10.21909/sp.2018.01.752 · Cited by 8
Sharp, P. B., & Telzer, E. (2017) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.09.012 · Cited by 7
Ma, J., Hua, X., Zheng, M., Wu, J., Huo, B., Xing, X., Ding, W., & Xu, J. (2020) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-020-04325-5 · Cited by 8
Roelofs, E. F., Bas‐Hoogendam, J. M., van Ewijk, H., Ganjgahi, H., van der Werff, S. J. A., Barendse, M. E. A., Westenberg, P. M., Vermeiren, R. R. J. M., & van der Wee, N. J. A. (2020) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102493 · Cited by 9
Tsai, Y., Lu, H.-J., Chang, C.-F., Liang, W., Muggleton, N. G., & Juan, C.-H. (2017) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-017-0526-8 · Cited by 8
“The other study found that the structural integrity and connectivity of the amygdala–prefrontal cortex pathway is inversely proportional to high levels of trait anxiety (Kim & Whalen, 2009).”
BackgroundNeuroendocrinology and Neuroimaging Studies of Social Anxiety Disorder
Phan, K. L., & Klumpp, H. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-375096-9.00010-9 · Cited by 9
Understanding Anxiety in Cervical Dystonia: An Imaging Study
Mahajan, A., Stoub, T. R., González, D. A., Stebbins, G. T., Gray, G., Warner‐Rosen, T., Sugar, D., Pylypyuk, C., Yu, M. W. M., & Comella, C. (2024) · Movement Disorders Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/mdc3.14070 · Cited by 7
“23 Reduced connections between the amygdala and prefrontal areas (associated with modulation of emotion) and enhanced connectivity with somatosensory areas is associated with greater trait anxiety.”
BackgroundArslankiran, A., Açıkgöz, B., Demirtas, H., Dalkiran, B., Kıray, A., Aksu, İ., Kıray, M., & Dayı, A. (2025) · Biologia Futura · doi:10.1007/s42977-025-00250-w · Cited by 7
“The PFC regulates emotional responses and stress by controlling the outputs of the amygdala (Kim and Whalen 2009).”
InfluentialResting state connectivity patterns associated with trait anxiety in adolescence
Baggio, T., Grecucci, A., Crivello, F., Joliot, M., & Tzourio, C. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-94790-9 · Cited by 8
Chang, C., & Ho, T. (2017) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp274568 · Cited by 7
“It is a brain structure critically involved in the processing of emotion and decision-making (LeDoux, 2000; Phelps & LeDoux, 2005; Kim & Whalen, 2009; Roozendaal & McGaugh, 2011; Orsini et al. 2015a).”
BackgroundNees, F., Pohlack, S. T., Grimm, O., Winkelmann, T., Zidda, F., & Flor, H. (2019) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2019.08.020 · Cited by 9
Doyle, C., Lasch, C., & Elison, J. T. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.11.020 · Cited by 7
“Specifically, greater FHR reactivity was associated with decreased structural connectivity between the right amygdala and the right ventral PFC, a pattern associated with greater trait anxiety in adults (76).”
BackgroundTessier, S., Romo, L., & Zerhouni, O. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.599988 · Cited by 8
“For example, anxiety is associated with an attentional bias toward threatening stimuli (14), and a decreased ability to self-regulate is associated with chronic anxiety (15) and the maintenance of addictive behavior (16).”
BackgroundElevated prostacyclin biosynthesis in mice impacts memory and anxiety-like behavior
Vollert, C. T., Ohia-Nwoko, O., Akasaka, H., Berridge, C., Ruan, K.-H., & Eriksen, J. L. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.10.012 · Cited by 7
Moody, J. F., Aggarwal, N., Dean, D., Tromp, D., Kecskemeti, S. R., Oler, J. A., Kalin, N. H., & Alexander, A. L. (2022) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118989 · Cited by 6
Thomas, E., Juliano, A., Owens, M. M., Cupertino, R. B., Mackey, S., Hermosillo, R. J. M., Miranda-Domínguez, Ó., Conan, G., Ahmed, M., Fair, D. A., et al. (2024) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111877 · Cited by 9
“Many previous studies have shown strong associations between amygdala connectivity and both clinical and normative levels of inter-nalizing behavior (Padgaonkar et al., 2020; Baur et al., 2013; Clewett et al., 2014; Kim and Whalen, 2009; Qin et al., 2014).”
Fear Models in Animals and Humans
Hartley, C. A., & Phelps, E. A. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6599-7_1 · Cited by 7
Coocurrencia entre ansiedad y autismo. Las hipótesis del error social y de la carga alostática
Pérez, I. P. (2013) · Revista de Neurología · doi:10.33588/rn.56s01.2012652 · Cited by 9
“También la integridad estructural de las vías amígdala-corteza prefrontal ventromedial correlaciona negativamente con los rasgos ansiosos, de manera que la alteración de la función inhibitoria contribuye a una alta reactividad y a la desregulación emocional en la ansiedad [52,70].”
BackgroundHuman lateral Frontal Pole contributes to control over social-emotional actionPreprint
Bramson, B., Folloni, D., Verhagen, L., Hartogsveld, B., Mars, R. B., Toni, I., & Karin Roelofs, A. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/584896 · Cited by 6
“…could be better explained by connections between amygdala and FPl through the Uncinate Fasciculus (UF; Petrides and Pandya 2007) or trait anxiety (Kim and Whalen 2009), we correlated UF-FPl connectivity with AA performance, and amygdalofugal-FPl connectivity with scores on the State anxiety…”
BackgroundResultVennewald, N., Winter, B., Limburg, K., Diemer, J., Notzon, S., Fohrbeck, I., Arolt, V., Domschke, K., Pauli, P., & Zwanzger, P. (2016) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-016-1568-8 · Cited by 5
Neuroscience Research and Ethical Leadership: Insights from a Neurological Micro-foundation
Voegtlin, C., Walthert, I. M., & Robertson, D. C. (2019) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s2514-175920190000003010 · Cited by 5
He, Q., Shen, Z., Ren, L., Wang, X., Qian, M., Zhu, J., & Shen, X. (2020) · PubMed Central · Cited by 5
White Matter and Social CognitionPreprint
Wang, Y., Metoki, A., Alm, K. H., & Olson, I. R. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/179473 · Cited by 5
“…to account for diversity in personality traits (Cohen, Jan-Christoph, Schoene-Bake, Elger, & Weber, 2008; Iidaka, Miyakoshi, Harada, & Nakai, 2012; Kim & Whalen, 2009; Lei et al., 2014; Xu & Potenza, 2012), self-processes (Chester, Lynam, Powell, & DeWall, 2016; Wang et al., 2014; Yang et al.,…”
Kawaii-Ness Mediates Between Demographic Variables, Happiness, and Brain Conditions
Kokubun, K., Nemoto, K., Otsuka, T., Okamoto, M., Shiga, Y., Makizato, Y., Komaki, A., & Yamakawa, Y. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15030289 · Cited by 4
Yan, Y., Li, M., Jia, H., Fu, L., Qiu, J., & Yang, W. (2023) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2023.105976 · Cited by 4
Lins, B. R., Anyaegbu, C. C., McGonigle, T. A., Hellewell, S. C., Patel, P., Reagan, H., Rooke-Wiesner, C., Warnock, A., Archer, M. A., Hemmi, J. M., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24043343 · Cited by 5
Trujillo-Villarreal, L. A., Cruz-Carrillo, G., Ángeles-Valdéz, D., Garza‐Villarreal, E. A., & Camacho‐Morales, A. (2024) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0194-23.2023 · Cited by 5
“Furthermore, an increase in the FA values alters the amygdala – ventromedial prefrontal cortical pathway in individuals diagnosed with anxiety (Kim and Whalen, 2009).”
BackgroundInward versus reward: white matter pathways in extraversion
Leshem, R., Paoletti, P., Piervincenzi, C., Carducci, F., Mallio, C. A., Errante, Y., Quattrocchi, C. C., & Ben‐Soussan, T. D. (2019) · Personality Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/pen.2019.6 · Cited by 4
“WM in these association fibers mediates communications in brain areas that are active in controlling emotion and behavior (Kim & Whalen, 2009).”
BackgroundDevelopmental Neurobiology of Anxiety and Related Disorders
Cohodes, E. M., & Gee, D. G. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190264086.013.129 · Cited by 4
“…self-reported trait anxiety in healthy adults has been associated with weaker functional (Kim, Gee, Loucks, Davis, & Whalen, 2011) and structural (Kim & Whalen, 2009) connectivity between the amygdala and medial PFC. Children and adolescents with anxiety also exhibit atypical patterns of…”
BackgroundZich, C., Johnstone, N., Lührs, M., Lisk, S., Haller, S. P. W., Lipp, A., Lau, J. Y. F., & Kadosh, K. C. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/347971 · Cited by 4
“…relationship, a relationship that manifests in both structural and functional connections (Banks, Eddy, Angstadt, Nathan, & Phan, 2007; Davidson, Putnam, & Larson, 2000; H. Kim, Somerville, Johnstone, Alexander, & Whalen, 2003; M. J. Kim & Whalen, 2009; Kohn et al., 2014; Quirk & Beer, 2006).”
Therapeutic effects of positive emotions on neural pathways and neurotransmitter systems
El‐Mansoury, B., Laadraoui, J., Razouqi, Y., Haj-Khlifa, A., Fatimi, H. E., Hiba, O. E., & Jayakumar, A. R. (2025) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2025.02.006 · Cited by 3
Fang, C. U. I., Xinming, L. I. A. O., Jiawang, Y. A. N. G., & Liu, J. (2023) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2023.00968 · Cited by 3
Cognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Inflexibility and Perseveration in Neuropsychiatric Illness
Weisholtz, D. S., Sullivan, J. F., Nelson, A. P., Daffner, K. R., & Silbersweig, D. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803676-1.00010-6 · Cited by 3
Borderline Personality Disorder and the Heart
Boldrini, A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-28008-6_25 · Cited by 3
An amygdala-centered effective connectivity network in trait anxiety
Chang, J., Liu, X., Xue, S., & Qiu, J. (2023) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-023-00837-8 · Cited by 3
“The present study, demonstrating a negative correlation between the left MFG/right SFG-to-right amygdala Granger causality and trait anxiety, was consistent with numerous prior studies (Kim & Whalen, 2009, Kim et al., 2011a, Burghy et al., 2012, De Witte & Mueller, 2017, Yoo et al., 2022).”
InfluentialTraumatic Experiences Disrupt Amygdala – Prefrontal Connectivity
Hoon, D. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/48691 · Cited by 3
“This result suggests that the strength of the anatomical amygdala–prefrontal pathway predicts lower levels of normal trait anxiety (Kim and Whalen, 2009).”
BackgroundGanzel, B. L., & Morris, P. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy215 · Cited by 3
Baggio, T., Grecucci, A., Crivello, F., Joliot, M., & Tzourio, C. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3416641/v1 · Cited by 3
Fronto‐Parietal and Cerebellar Circuits Characterize Individuals With Higher Trait Anxiety
Baggio, T., Grecucci, A., Crivello, F., Joliot, M., & Tzourio, C. (2025) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.70210 · Cited by 3
“…research on white matter have found a correlation between trait anxiety and volumetric alterations in the uncinate fasciculus (Baur et al. 2012; Montag et al. 2012), the fornix (Modi et al. 2013) and in a white matter pathway connecting the amygdala to the prefrontal cortex (Kim and Whalen 2009).”
Spectral differences in resting-state EEG associated to individual Emotional Styles
Bilucaglia, M., Laureanti, R., Circi, R., Zito, M., Bellati, M., Fici, A., Rivetti, F., Mainardi, L. T., & Russo, V. (2022) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871191 · Cited by 2
“and Slow-to-Recover behaviour deal with negative emotional experiences [6];”
BackgroundCorticolimbic structural connectivity encapsulates real-world emotional reactivity and happiness
Kim, M., Shin, S., Jyung, M., Choi, I., Choi, I., Kim, M. J., & Sul, S. (2023) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsad056 · Cited by 2
“Of relevance to the present study, a combined functional MRI (fMRI)–dMRI study found that the microstructural integrity of this pathway was correlated with amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli (Kim and Whalen, 2009).”
BackgroundSelf-citationIntegrated Representations of Threat and Controllability in the Lateral Frontal Pole
Stasiak, J. E., Wang, J., Dundon, N. M., Rizor, E. J., Villanueva, C. M., Barandon, P. L., Grafton, S. T., & Lapate, R. C. (2025) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.a.2418 · Cited by 2
Fisher, P. M., Madsen, M. K., Mahon, B. M., Holst, K. K., Andersen, S. B., Laursen, H. R., Hasholt, L., Siebner, H. R., & Knudsen, G. M. (2014) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(14)70032-x · Cited by 2
NEURAL CONNECTIVITY OF THE AMYGDALA IN THE HUMAN BRAIN: A DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING STUDY
Jang, S. H., & Kwon, H. G. (2014) · Neural Network World · doi:10.14311/nnw.2014.24.033 · Cited by 2
BRIEF REPORT Anxiety modulates the effects of emotion and attention on early vision
Ferneyhough, E., Kim, M. K., Phelps, E. A., & Carrasco, M. (2012) · Cited by 2
Self-citationKlucken, T., León, I. T., Blecker, C. R., Kruse, O., Tobias Stalder, A., & Stark, R. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00080 · Cited by 2
“…there is converging evidence that alterations in fractional anisotropy (FA) of the UF is associated with an increased vulnerability to psychiatric disorders as well as with neuroticism-related traits, although the exact relationship is under debate (Kim and Whalen, 2009; Montag et al., 2012).”
BackgroundNeuroethics in Leadership Research and Practice
Kim, J., & Waldman, D. A. (2019) · Advances in neuroethics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27177-0_4 · Cited by 2
Park, G. (2019) · Medical Research Archives · doi:10.18103/mra.v7i3.1919 · Cited by 2
Kim, S. E., Bang, M., Won, E., & Lee, S.-H. (2021) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2021.19.1.63 · Cited by 3
“, higher FA values predicted lower anxiety levels) [29].”
BackgroundLoreto, V. E. D., & Joseph, D. (2013) · Cited by 2
Reproduced correlations between integrity of white matter tracts and self-reported anxiety
Kartashov, S., Mitiureva, D. G., & Martynova, O. (2022) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2022.11.103 · Cited by 2
Advances in anxiety research: Neurocognitive mechanisms and clinical applications
Luo, Y., Qin, S., Zhu, Y., Li, Z., Zhang, Z., Jin, Z., & Xu, P. (2023) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/tb-2023-0801 · Cited by 1
Impact of positive feelings and negative feelings on brain cell regeneration and degeneration
Wadan, A. S., Ahmed, M. A., gemaie, D. S. A. E. E., & Moradikor, N. (2025) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2025.02.009 · Cited by 2
Lorenz, T. K., Harp, N. R., Pierce, J. E., Angeletti, P. C., & Neta, M. (2025) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.70035 · Cited by 1
“As in prior work, blocks contained 32 pseudorandom presentations of faces shown for 200 ms, followed by a 300 ms fixation cross (M. J. Kim and Whalen 2009).”
Cody, C. R., Hennessy, R. R., Brenhouse, H. C., & Davidow, J. Y. (2025) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101620 · Cited by 1
“Mammalian corticolimbic circuitry matures drastically from infancy through early adulthood (Bouwmeester et al., 2002; Gee, Humphreys, et al., 2013; Kim and Whalen, 2009; Tottenham and Gabard-Durnam, 2017).”
Subcortical neural basis of malevolent creativity
Gao, Z., Liu, X., Teng, J., & Hao, N. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.113733 · Cited by 1
“49 This weakened connectivity could characterize malevolent creative behavior, where reduced emotional regulation and cognitive control may be related to individuals toward more extreme or destructive creative acts.”
Giuliano, M. D., Lorenzi, R. M., Schumann, A., Bär, K., & de la Cruz, F. (2026) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2026.103980 · Cited by 1
“Alterations in CAN function have been observed in various medical and neuropsychiatric conditions such as epilepsy, depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia (Kim and Whalen, 2009; Johnstone et al., 2007; Lewis et al., 2005; Sklerov et al., 2019; Thayer and Lane, 2009).”
Turnbull, A. G., Gross, J. J., & Lin, F. V. (2026) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2026.01.022 · Cited by 2
High-angular diffusion MRI in reward-based psychiatric disorders
Yu, W., Lv, Q., Zhang, C., Shen, Z., Sun, B., & Wang, Z. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9576-0_2 · Cited by 1
“Intriguingly, these significantly correlated voxel clusters extended into the left ventral striatum and terminated at the left medial orbitofrontal cortex [30].”
Background김민우, Moon, Y., & 설선혜 (2013) · 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 · doi:10.22172/cogbio.2013.25.4.004 · Cited by 1
Personality Is Reflected in Brain Morphometry
Petrosini, L., Cutuli, D., Picerni, E., & Laricchiuta, D. (2018) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7647-8_24 · Cited by 1
Borderline Personality Disorder and the Heart
Boldrini, A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90305-7_25-1 · Cited by 1
Feng, C., Krüeger, F., Gu, R., & Luo, W. (2022) · Quantitative Biology · doi:10.15302/j-qb-021-0266 · Cited by 3
Aggarwal, N., Oler, J. A., Tromp, D., Roseboom, P. H., Riedel, M. K., Elam, V. R., Brotman, M. A., & Kalin, N. H. (2023) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01686-1 · Cited by 1
Biomarkers in Anxiety Disorders
Lisboa, J. R., Souza, J. D. R., Gomes, F. V., Guimarães, F. S., & Crippa, J. A. S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43356-6_15 · Cited by 1
Stollstorff, M. (2010) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 1
Neuroticism and its Associations with Higher Cognitive Functions
Clark, R. (2015) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 1
Tobacco pharming. A quest to turn the killer crop into a treatment for cancer.
Powledge, T. M. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 1
Crawford, B., Muhlert, N., MacDonald, G., & Lawrence, A. D. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.02.03.916999 · Cited by 2
Whalen, P. J., Kim, M. J., Neta, M., & Davis, F. C. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118133880.hop203015 · Cited by 1
Self-citationKitamura, H. (2021) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.207826 · Cited by 1
Greening, S. G. (2013) · Scholarship@Western (Western University)
Voegtlin, C., Kaufmann, I., & Robertson, D. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1718429
Baykara, B., & Baykara, B. (2012)
Metadata
- Authors
- Kim, M. J., & Whalen, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth College (US)
- ORCID
- Kim, M. Justin
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2009-09-16
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 37
- Pages
- 11614-11618
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC2791525
- OpenAlex
- W2049511110
- Cited by
- 433
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 20.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH080716, R01MH080716, R56MH080716)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- trait anxiety, amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, white matter integrity, fractional anisotropy, individual differences, amygdala reactivity, structural connectivity, anxiety prediction
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Amygdala, Anxiety, Brain Mapping, Emotions, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neural Pathways, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Predictive Value of Tests, Regression Analysis, Prefrontal Cortex, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
