Bilateral Activity-Dependent Interactions in the Developing Corticospinal System
Open accessAbstract
Activity-dependent competition between the corticospinal (CS) systems in each hemisphere drives postnatal development of motor skills and stable CS tract connections with contralateral spinal motor circuits. Unilateral restriction of motor cortex (M1) activity during an early postnatal critical period impairs contralateral visually guided movements later in development and in maturity. Silenced M1 develops aberrant connections with the contralateral spinal cord whereas the initially active M1, in the other hemisphere, develops bilateral connections. In this study, we determined whether the aberrant pattern of CS tract terminations and motor impairments produced by early postnatal M1 activity restriction could be abrogated by reducing activity-dependent synaptic competition from the initially active M1 later in development. We first inactivated M1 unilaterally between postnatal weeks 5–7. We next inactivated M1 on the other side from weeks 7–11 (alternate inactivation), to reduce the competitive advantage that this side may have over the initially inactivated side. Alternate inactivation redirected aberrant contralateral CS tract terminations from the initially silenced M1 to their normal spinal territories and reduced the density of aberrant ipsilateral terminations from the initially active side. Normal movement endpoint control during visually guided locomotion was fully restored. This reorganization of CS terminals reveals an unsuspected late plasticity after the critical period for establishing the pattern of CS terminations in the spinal cord. Our findings show that robust bilateral interactions between the developing CS systems on each side are important for achieving balance between contralateral and ipsilateral CS tract connections and visuomotor control.
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Maturation of the CST is driven by neural activity in cortical motor areas and limb experience, reflecting the need to adapt to changing motor demands.
“Both rodent and human studies suggest that maturation of the CST is driven by neural activity in cortical motor areas and limb experience, thus reflecting the need to adapt to changing motor demands. 52,53”
From Physical exercise keeps the brain connected: biking increases white matter integrity in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. (2015) · cites this paper as [53]
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- Authors
- Friel, K. M., & Martin, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2007-10-10
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 41
- Pages
- 11083-11090
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC2740658
- OpenAlex
- W2068839876
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS33835, F32NS046882)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- corticospinal tract, motor cortex, postnatal development, bilateral interaction, spinal cord termination, visually guided locomotion, visuomotor control, critical period, motor skill development
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Axons, Cats, Functional Laterality, Motor Cortex, Psychomotor Performance, Pyramidal Tracts, Presynaptic Terminals
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