The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Adaptation to Visuomotor Transformations: Consolidation, Interference, and Forgetting
Open accessAbstract
The paradigm task A-->task B-->task A, which varies the time interval between task A and task B, has been used extensively to investigate the consolidation of motor memory. Consolidation is defined as resistance to retrograde interference (interference by task B on initial learning of task A). Consolidation has been demonstrated for simple skills, motor sequencing, and learning of force fields. In contrast, evidence to date suggests that visuomotor learning does not consolidate. We have shown previously that adaptation to a 30 degrees screen-cursor rotation is faster and more complete on relearning 24 hr later. This improvement is prevented if a 30 degrees counter-rotation is learned 5 min after the original rotation. Here, we sought to identify conditions under which rotation learning becomes resistant to interference by a counter-rotation. In experiment 1, we found that interference persists even when the counter-rotation is learned 24 hr after the initial rotation. In experiment 2, we removed potential anterograde interference (interference by task B on relearning of task A) by introducing washout blocks before all of the learning blocks. In contrast to experiment 1, we found resistance to interference (i.e., consolidation) when the counter-rotation was learned after 24 hr but not after 5 min. In experiment 3, we doubled the amount of initial rotation learning and found resistance to interference even after 5 min. Our results suggest that persistent interference is attributable to anterograde effects on memory retrieval. When anterograde effects are removed, rotation learning consolidates both over time and with increased initial training.
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“In particular, relearning of a given perturbation for a second time is faster than initial learning – a phenomenon known as savings (Ebbinghaus, 1913; Kojima et al., 2004; Krakauer et al., 2005; Smith et al., 2006; Zarahn et al., 2008) – whereas a basic single-timescale SSM predicts that learning should always occur at the same rate, regardless of past experience (Zarahn et al., 2008).”
From Rethinking motor learning and savings in adaptation paradigms: model-free memory for successful actions combines with internal models (2011) · cites this paper as Krakauer et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“Although SSM variants that include multiple timescales of learning (Kording et al., 2007; Smith et al., 2006) are able to explain savings over short timescales, this approach fails to predict the fact that savings still occurs following a prolonged period of washout of initial learning (Krakauer et al., 2005; Zarahn et al., 2008).”
From Rethinking motor learning and savings in adaptation paradigms: model-free memory for successful actions combines with internal models (2011) · cites this paper as Krakauer et al., 2005
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Citations
Cites
The Neurobiology of Consolidations, Or, How Stable is the Engram?
Dudai, Y. (2004) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142050 · Cited by 1,671
The Psychology and Neuroscience of Forgetting
Wixted, J. T. (2004) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141555 · Cited by 999
Consolidation in human motor memory
Brashers-Krug, T. M., Shadmehr, R., & Bizzi, E. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/382252a0 · Cited by 976
Learning of Visuomotor Transformations for Vectorial Planning of Reaching Trajectories
Krakauer, J. W., Pine, Z. M., Ghilardi, M. F., & Ghez, C. P. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-23-08916.2000 · Cited by 874
Independent learning of internal models for kinematic and dynamic control of reaching
Krakauer, J. W., Ghilardi, M. F., & Ghez, C. P. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/14826 · Cited by 797
Functional Stages in the Formation of Human Long-Term Motor Memory
Shadmehr, R., & Brashers-Krug, T. M. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-01-00409.1997 · Cited by 710
Current concepts in procedural consolidation
Robertson, E. M., Pascual-Leone, A., & Miall, R. C. (2004) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1426 · Cited by 530
Retrieval-induced forgetting: evidence for a recall-specific mechanism
Anderson, M. C., Bjork, E. L., & Bjork, R. A. (2000) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03214366 · Cited by 417
Patterns of regional brain activation associated with different forms of motor learning
Ghilardi, M. F., Ghez, C. P., DHAWAN, V. M., Moeller, J. R., Mentis, M. J., Nakamura, T., Antonini, A., & Eidelberg, D. (2000) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02365-9 · Cited by 339
Failure to Consolidate the Consolidation Theory of Learning for Sensorimotor Adaptation Tasks
Caithness, G., Osu, R., Bays, P. M., Chase, H. W., Klassen, J., Kawato, M., Wolpert, D. M., & Flanagan, J. R. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2214-04.2004 · Cited by 265
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- 2004, J Neurosci, 6, 8662
- 2003, Soc Neurosci Abstr, 29, 822.19
- 10.1037/0096-1523.28.2.447 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Error Correction, Sensory Prediction, and Adaptation in Motor Control
Shadmehr, R., Smith, M. A., & Krakauer, J. W. (2010) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-153135 · Cited by 1,869
Galea, J. M., Vazquez, A., Pasricha, N., Orban de Xivry, J.-J., & Celnik, P. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq246 · Cited by 760
Explicit and implicit contributions to learning in a sensorimotor adaptation task
Taylor, J. A., Krakauer, J. W., & Ivry, R. B. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3619-13.2014 · Cited by 768
Krakauer, J. W., Hadjiosif, A. M., Xu, J., Wong, A. L., & Haith, A. M. (2019) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c170043 · Cited by 918
Human sensorimotor learning: adaptation, skill, and beyond
Krakauer, J. W., & Mazzoni, P. (2011) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2011.06.012 · Cited by 558
Metadata
- Authors
- Krakauer, J. W., Ghez, C., & Ghilardi, M. F.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2005-01-12
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 473-478
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6725486
- OpenAlex
- W2012026952
- Cited by
- 500
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 8.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k08ns001961-05)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-K23 02138, NS K08 01961, K23NS002138)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- visuomotor adaptation, motor memory consolidation, forgetting, memory retrieval, motor learning
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Adult, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Learning, Male, Memory, Models, Psychological, Psychomotor Performance, Rotation, Visual Perception
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