The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Parkinson's Disease α-Synuclein Transgenic Mice Develop Neuronal Mitochondrial Degeneration and Cell Death
Open accessAbstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is enriched in nerve terminals. Two mutations in the α-Syn gene (Ala53→ Thr and Ala30→ Pro) occur in autosomal dominant familial Parkinson's disease. Mice overexpressing the human A53T mutant α-Syn develop a severe movement disorder, paralysis, and synucleinopathy, but the mechanisms are not understood. We examined whether transgenic mice expressing human wild-type or familial Parkinson's disease-linked A53T or A30P mutant α-syn develop neuronal degeneration and cell death. Mutant mice were examined at early- to mid-stage disease and at near end-stage disease. Age-matched nontransgenic littermates were controls. In A53T mice, neurons in brainstem and spinal cord exhibited large axonal swellings, somal chromatolytic changes, and nuclear condensation. Spheroid eosinophilic Lewy body-like inclusions were present in the cytoplasm of cortical neurons and spinal motor neurons. These inclusions contained human α-syn and nitrated synuclein. Motor neurons were depleted (∼75%) in A53T mice but were affected less in A30P mice. Axonal degeneration was present in many regions. Electron microscopy confirmed the cell and axonal degeneration and revealed cytoplasmic inclusions in dendrites and axons. Some inclusions were degenerating mitochondria and were positive for humanα-syn. Mitochondrial complex IV and V proteins were at control levels, but complex IV activity was reduced significantly in spinal cord. Subsets of neurons in neocortex, brainstem, and spinal cord ventral horn were positive for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling, cleaved caspase-3, and p53. Mitochondria in neurons had terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling-positive matrices and p53 at the outer membrane. Thus, A53T mutant mice develop intraneuronal inclusions, mitochondrial DNA damage and degeneration, and apoptotic-like death of neocortical, brainstem, and motor neurons.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Mitochondrial degeneration has been implicated in a-synucleinopathy (13,25) and a-syn transgenic flies show abnormal mitochondrial morphology (16).”
From Enhanced mTORC1 signaling and Protein Synthesis in Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis Disease Pathogenesis (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease
Braak, H., Tredici, K. D., Rüb, U., de Vos, R. A. I., Jansen Steur, E. N. H., & Braak, E. (2003) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(02)00065-9 · Cited by 10,777
Mutation in the α-Synuclein Gene Identified in Families with Parkinson's Disease
Polymeropoulos, M. H., Lavedan, C., Leroy, E., Ide, S. E., Dehejia, A., Dutra, A., Pike, B., Root, H., Rubenstein, J., Boyer, R., et al. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.276.5321.2045 · Cited by 8,240
α-Synuclein Locus Triplication Causes Parkinson's Disease
Singleton, A. B., Farrer, M., Johnson, J., Singleton, A., Hague, S., Kachergus, J., Hulihan, M., Peuralinna, T., Dutra, A., Nussbaum, R., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1090278 · Cited by 4,383
AlaSOPro mutation in the gene encoding α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease
Krüger, R., Kuhn, W., Müller, T., Woitalla, D., Graeber, M., Kösel, S., Przuntek, H., Epplen, J. T., Schols, L., & Riess, O. (1998) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0298-106 · Cited by 3,836
Direct Activation of Bax by p53 Mediates Mitochondrial Membrane Permeabilization and Apoptosis
Chipuk, J. E., Kuwana, T., Bouchier-Hayes, L., Droin, N. M., Newmeyer, D. D., Schuler, M., & Green, D. R. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1092734 · Cited by 2,108 · cited 1×
“p53 can mediate mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and apoptosis by activating Bax and Bak (Chipuk et al., 2004; Leu et al., 2004).”
BackgroundMasliah, E., Rockenstein, E. M., Veinbergs, I., Mallory, M. E., Hashimoto, M., Takeda, A., Sagara, Y., Sisk, A., & Mucke, L. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.287.5456.1265 · Cited by 1,779
p53 Has a Direct Apoptogenic Role at the Mitochondria
Mihara, M., Erster, S. H., Zaika, A. I., Petrenko, O., Chittenden, T. D., Pančoška, P., & Moll, U. M. (2003) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(03)00050-9 · Cited by 1,771
Synuclein: a neuron-specific protein localized to the nucleus and presynaptic nerve terminal
Maroteaux, L., Campanelli, J., & Scheller, R. (1988) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.08-08-02804.1988 · Cited by 1,646
Giasson, B. I., Duda, J. E., Murray, I. V. J., Chen, Q., Souza, J. M., Hurtig, H. I., Ischiropoulos, H., Trojanowski, J. Q., & Lee, V. M. ‐. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5493.985 · Cited by 1,567
Alpha-synuclein and neurodegenerative diseases
Goedert, M. (2001) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35081564 · Cited by 1,428
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Chayen J, Bitensky L, Butcher R (1973) Practical histochemistry. New York: Wiley.
- 2001, Int J Mol Med, 7, 455
- 2002, J Neurobiol, 5, 181
- 2002, Neurochem Res, 27, 1089
- 1997, J Comp Neurol, 378, 70
- 2000, J Biol Chem, 265, 18344
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Lin, M. T., & Beal, M. F. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05292 · Cited by 6,455
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease
Dias, V., Junn, E., & Mouradian, M. M. (2013) · Journal of Parkinson’s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-130230 · Cited by 1,845
-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease
Stefanis, L. (2012) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a009399 · Cited by 1,446
Hallmarks of Brain Aging: Adaptive and Pathological Modification by Metabolic States
Mattson, M. P., & Arumugam, T. V. (2018) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.011 · Cited by 1,242
Luk, K. C., Kehm, V. M., Zhang, B., O’Brien, P., Trojanowski, J. Q., & Lee, V. M. ‐. (2012) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20112457 · Cited by 1,136
Metadata
- Authors
- Martin, L. J., Pan, Y., Price, A. C., Sterling, W., Copeland, N. G., Jenkins, N. A., Price, D. L., & Lee, M. K.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2006-01-04
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 41-50
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6381830
- OpenAlex
- W2084910880
- Cited by
- 684
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 49
- FWCI
- 26.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (NS38377)
- U.S. Public Health Service
- National Institute on Aging (AG 16282, R01AG016282)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 38377, R01NS052098, NS34 100, P01NS038065, R56NS038065, P50NS038377, NS 38065, R01NS034100, R01NS038065, NS52098)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- alpha-synuclein, Parkinson's disease, A53T mutation, A30P mutation, transgenic mice, mitochondrial degeneration, neuronal cell death, motor neuron degeneration, axonal degeneration, Lewy bodies, mitochondrial DNA damage, apoptosis, caspase-3, p53, mitochondrial complex IV, synucleinopathies
- MeSH terms
- Alanine, Animals, Brain Stem, DNA Damage, Humans, Mice, Transgenic, Mitochondria, Mutation, Nerve Degeneration, Parkinson Disease, Threonine, Cell Death, Neocortex, Mice, alpha-Synuclein
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
