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Dissociable Effects of Lesions to Orbitofrontal Cortex Subregions on Impulsive Choice in the Rat
Open accessAbstract
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in a variety of adaptive decision-making processes. Human studies suggest that there is a functional dissociation between medial and lateral OFC (mOFC and lOFC, respectively) subregions when performing certain choice procedures. However, little work has examined the functional consequences of manipulations of OFC subregions on decision making in rodents. In the present experiments, impulsive choice was assessed by evaluating intolerance to delayed, but economically optimal, reward options using a delay-discounting paradigm. Following initial delay-discounting training, rats received bilateral neurotoxic or sham lesions targeting whole OFC (wOFC) or restricted to either mOFC or lOFC subregions. A transient flattening of delay-discounting curves was observed in wOFC-lesioned animals relative to shams—differences that disappeared with further training. Stable, dissociable effects were found when lesions were restricted to OFC subregions; mOFC-lesioned rats showed increased, whereas lOFC-lesioned rats showed decreased, preference for the larger-delayed reward relative to sham-controls—a pattern that remained significant during retraining after all delays were removed. When locations of levers leading to small–immediate versus large–delayed rewards were reversed, wOFC- and lOFC-lesioned rats showed retarded, whereas mOFC-lesioned rats showed accelerated, trajectories for reversal of lever preference. These results provide the first direct evidence for dissociable functional roles of the mOFC and lOFC for impulsive choice in rodents. The findings are consistent with recent human functional imaging studies and suggest that functions of mOFC and lOFC subregions may be evolutionarily conserved and contribute differentially to decision-making processes.
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“NAc core lesions cause rats to make risk-averse choices (Cardinal and Howes, 2005) and prefer smaller rewards at shorter delays (Cardinal et al., 2001; Mar et al., 2011)”
From A framework for understanding the emerging role of corticolimbic-ventral striatal networks in OCD-associated repetitive behaviors (2015) · cites this paper as Mar et al., 2011
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Citations
Cites
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“Preferential activation of mOFC is associated with choice of immediate primary or conditioned reinforcers relative to delayed ones (McClure et al., 2004, 2007) and correlates positively with individual differences in preference for smaller–immediate rewards on a delay-discounting task (Hariri et…”
BackgroundInfluentialAbstract reward and punishment representations in the human orbitofrontal cortex
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“In primates, medial OFC (mOFC) has been associated with responding to, monitoring, or adjusting the incentive value of stimuli, whereas lateral OFC (lOFC) has been implicated in punishment or suppression of previously rewarded responses following contingency change (Iversen and Mishkin, 1970; Elliott et al., 2000; O’D…”
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“OFC damage in humans leads to increased impulsivity, which may result from bias toward immediate rewards (Bechara et al., 2000; Berlin et al., 2004).”
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Items 101–200 of 206
A framework for understanding and advancing intertemporal choice research using rodent models
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Impulsivity in unaffected adolescent biological relatives of schizophrenia patients
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“Rats with lesions to the mOFC were more likely to choose the large-delayed reward, while rats with lesions to the lOFC preferred the small immediate reward (Mar et al. 2011), indicating that the mOFC and lOFC played opposite roles in decisional impulsivity.”
BackgroundBarreiros, I. V., Ishii, H., Walton, M., & Panayi, M. C. (2021) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/bne0000442 · Cited by 20
“…al., 2014), reversal learning (probabilistic spatial reversal learning, Dalton et al., 2016; Verharen et al., 2020; delay-discounting with spatial reversal, Mar et al., 2011; serial visual reversal learning, Hervig et al., 2020), and drug reinstatement (Arinze & Moorman, 2020; Fuchs et al., 2004).”
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Selective chemogenetic inactivation of corticoaccumbal projections disrupts trait choice impulsivity
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“Turning to animal models with lesions to the OFC, currently available studies emphasized the significance of this structure in DD expression (Mar et al., 2011; Jo et al., 2013).”
Dissociable roles of dopamine and serotonin transporter function in a rat model of negative urgency
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“…damage ↑ DD (Peters & D'Esposito, 2020) Transcranial direct current stimulation over OFC ↓ DD (Moro et al., 2023) Medial and lateral OFC lesions respectively ↓ and ↑ DD (Mar et al., 2011) Bi-frontal direct current stimulation (left dlPFC facilitated and right dlPFC inhibited) ↓ DD (Hecht et al.,…”
Orbitofrontal participation in sign- and goal-tracking conditioned responses: Effects of nicotine
Stringfield, S. J., Palmatier, M. I., Boettiger, C. A., & Robinson, D. L. (2016) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.12.020 · Cited by 17
“…precisely defined (see Stalnaker et al., 2015 for review) the OFC has consistently been characterized as involved in behaviors such as impulsivity (Mar et al., 2011; Zeeb et al., 2010) and Pavlovian conditioned approach (Chudasama and Robbins, 2003; Gallagher et al., 1999; Ostlund and Balleine,…”
Ucha, M., Roura‐Martínez, D., Contreras, A., Pinto-Rivero, S., Orihuel, J., Ambrosio, E., & Higuera‐Matas, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00022 · Cited by 17
“While lesions of the lOFC have been shown to increase impulsive choice (Mar et al., 2011), to the best of our knowledge, a clear (and specific) role for the lOF in premature responding has not yet been established.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialParallel Pathways Provide Hippocampal Spatial Information to Prefrontal Cortex
Messanvi, F., Berkun, K., Perkins, A., & Chudasama, Y. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0846-22.2022 · Cited by 16
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“It should be noted that mounting findings have emphasized that the OFC is a functionally heterogeneous region, suggesting that the lateral or ventromedial area of OFC may play different roles in stimulus-based learning and decision making (McClure et al., 2004; McClure et al., 2007; Mar et al., 2011; Izquierdo, 2017).”
BackgroundImpulsivity, Risky Choice, and Impulse Control Disorders
Robbins, T. W., & Dalley, J. W. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805308-9.00007-5 · Cited by 19
Self-citationProjections from the five divisions of the orbital cortex to the thalamus in the rat
Vertes, R. P., Hoover, W. B., Witter, M. P., Yanik, M. F., Rojas, A. K. P., & Linley, S. B. (2022) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.25419 · Cited by 15
“Using a delay-discounting task in rats, Mar et al. (2011) demonstrated that medial ORB lesions produced an increase in preference for larger delayed rewards, whereas lateral ORB lesions resulted in a decreased preference for delayed rewards— indicating that medial ORB lesions suppress impulsive…”
BackgroundVarma, M. M., Zhen, S., & Yu, R. (2023) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120363 · Cited by 16
Maxwell, A. M., Brucar, L. R., & Zilverstand, A. (2023) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-023-00529-9 · Cited by 15
“Interestingly, dissociable effects have been observed within the OFC, where lesions of the medial OFC (often equated with the vmPFC) resulted in increased preference for a larger, delayed reward, whereas lesions to the lateral OFC resulted in decreased preference for the larger, delayed reward [77].”
BackgroundYates, J. R. (2024) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111107 · Cited by 15
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“The OFC consists of subregions that each have a distinct role: the medial OFC encodes the value of rewards, and the lateral OFC is implicated in the inhibitory processes that suppress previously rewarded choices [27, 28].”
BackgroundCerebral white matter correlates of delay discounting in adolescents
Ho, B., Koeppel, J. A., & Barry, A. B. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.004 · Cited by 13
Whole-brain Mapping of Inputs and Outputs of Specific Orbitofrontal Cortical Neurons in Mice
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“For instance, the ORBl and ORBm are found to play different roles in regulating impulsive choice, stimulus-outcome encoding, reversal learning, action selection in partially observable task situations, and representing different components of task states [26–32].”
Dong, D., Chen, X., Li, W., Gao, X., Wang, Y., Zhou, F., Eickhoff, S. B., & Chen, H. (2024) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120574 · Cited by 12
“Lesions or dysfunction in the lOFC have been linked to deficits in impulse control and the ability to adjust behavior based on changing contingencies (Mar et al., 2011).”
BackgroundThe effect of acute morphine on delay discounting in dependent and non-dependent rats
Harvey-Lewis, C., & Franklin, K. B. J. (2014) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3724-x · Cited by 12
“Previous research suggests that the neural systems that contribute to the processes of lever choice preference and delay discounting rate are divergent (Bezzina et al. 2008; Mar et al. 2011; Marshall et al. 2014).”
BackgroundBehavioral Paradigms to Probe Individual Mouse Differences in Value-Based Decision Making
Alabi, O. O., Fortunato, M. P., & Fuccillo, M. V. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00050 · Cited by 11
“While too numerous to cover here, paradigms such as devaluation, reversal learning, delayed-discounting, operant response scheduling, and probabilistic reward tasks have been employed to examine value encoding, response flexibility, timedependent value decay, willingness to work, and choice patterns under uncertainty,…”
BackgroundHervig, M. E.-S., Piilgaard, L., Božič, T., Alsiö, J., & Robbins, T. W. (2020) · Psychology & Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/pne0000221 · Cited by 11
“…the rodent mOFC and lOFC in visual reversal learning (Hervig et al., 2020), which has also been reported across other tasks such as probabilistic reversal learning (Dalton et al., 2016), delay discounting (Mar et al., 2011), and instrumental action (Gourley, Lee, Howell, Pittenger, & Taylor, 2010).”
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Tian, M.-Y., Zhou, X.-Y., Liao, X.-Y., Gong, K., Cheng, X., Qin, C., Liu, K., Chen, J., & Lei, W. (2023) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110806 · Cited by 13
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Núñez, C., Garcı́a-Alix, A., Arca, G., Agut, T., Carreras, N., Portella, M. J., & Stephan‐Otto, C. (2023) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13790 · Cited by 12
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Neural activity of orbitofrontal cortex contributes to control of waiting
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“Mar et al. (2011) have shown that lateral OFC-lesioned rats showed increased impulsive choices, whereas medial OFC-lesioned rats showed decreased impulsive choices in the delay discounting task.”
BackgroundInfluentialMoro, A. S., Saccenti, D., Seccia, A., Ferro, M., Malgaroli, A., & Lamanna, J. (2023) · Animal Models and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1002/ame2.12366 · Cited by 10
Investigations of the Neurobiological Bases of Inter-Temporal Choice Behaviour
Valencia-Torres, L., Olarte‐Sánchez, C. M., Body, S., Bradshaw, C. M., & Szabadi, E. (2013) · European Journal of Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1080/15021149.2013.11434457 · Cited by 10
“Mar et al. (2011) recently obtained evidence that different subregions of the OPFC may exert opposing influences on intertemporal choice.”
BackgroundResultDecision-Making and Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease
Voon, V. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805308-9.00024-5 · Cited by 10
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“Two key brain regions engaged by these behaviors are mPFC and the OFC (Bechara et al., 2000; Mobini et al., 2002; Pattij and Vanderschuren 2008, St. Onge and Floresco, 2010; Mar et al., 2011; Weidacker et al., 2020), areas where other types of stressors are known to affect astrocytes.”
Gray matter asymmetry in the orbitofrontal cortex in relation to psychopathic traits in adolescents
Lam, B. Y., Huang, Y., & Gao, Y. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.003 · Cited by 11
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Shifts in Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex Activity from Adolescence to Adulthood
Loh, M. K., & Rosenkranz, J. A. (2021) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhab231 · Cited by 10
The perirhinal cortex supports spatial intertemporal choice stability
Kreher, M. A., Johnson, S. A., Mizell, J. M., Chetram, D. K., Guenther, D. T., Lovett, S. D., Setlow, B., Bizon, J. L., Burke, S. N., & Maurer, A. P. (2019) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2019.05.002 · Cited by 11
A neuronal activation correlate in striatum and prefrontal cortex of prolonged cocaine intake
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“…cocaine-asso-ciated cues (Fuchs et al. 2004; Stalnaker et al. 2006; Gold-stein et al. 2007; Kantak et al. 2013), we are only beginning to understand the precise functional involvement of the individual OFC subregions in behavioral control (Noonan et al. 2010; Mar et al. 2011; Burton et al. 2014).”
Carr, M. R., Vries, T. J. D., & Pattij, T. (2018) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000425 · Cited by 9
“Irreversible lesioning in either the medial or the lateral OFC subregion works to increase or decrease delayed reward tolerance when animals are well trained in the delay contingencies (Mar et al., 2011).”
BackgroundLoh, M. K., Ferrara, N. C., Torres, J. M., & Rosenkranz, J. A. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-022-01273-w · Cited by 7
Delayed Reinforcement: Neuroscience☆
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Impulsiveness and Inhibitory Mechanisms
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Acute ethanol effects on neural encoding of reward size and delay in the nucleus accumbens
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Orbitostriatal encoding of reward delayed gratification and impulsivity in chronic pain
Cerqueira-Nunes, M., Monteiro, C., Galhardo, V., & Cardoso-Cruz, H. (2024) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149044 · Cited by 7
“This hypothesis may help explain behavioral flexibility impairments observed in studies involving OFC lesions or inactivation, which encompass deficits in tasks requiring reversal learning based on time-reward dependencies (Mar et al., 2011; Schoenbaum et al., 2009; Takahashi et al., 2009).”
BackgroundLiley, A. E., Gabriel, D. B. K., & Simon, N. W. (2022) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0170-22.2022 · Cited by 6
“While delay discounting of rewards has been well-studied (Floresco et al., 2008; Kable and Glimcher, 2010; Mar et al., 2011; Bickel et al., 2014; Burton et al., 2014; Frost and McNaughton, 2017), there is minimal research investigating the neurobiological mechanisms underlying sensitivity to…”
BackgroundGirotti, M., Carreno, F. R., & Morilak, D. A. (2022) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyac062 · Cited by 7
“Yet, it is becoming increasingly evident that different subregions of the OFC have distinct roles in flexibility, decision-making, and impulse control (Mar et al., 2011; Izquierdo, 2017; Hervig et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialLesions of the Orbitofrontal but Not Medial Prefrontal Cortex Affect Cognitive Judgment Bias in Rats
Gołębiowska, J., & Ryguła, R. (2017) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00051 · Cited by 9
“The quinolinic acid has been selected based upon its effectivity in cortical lesions supported by our own laboratory experience and literature data (e.g., Mar et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMethodExtent of food restriction affects probability but not delay‐based decision‐making
Tapp, D. N., Zerkle, H. L., & McMurray, M. S. (2020) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.624 · Cited by 6
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Parametric shift from rational to irrational decisions in mice
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Anatomical mapping of whole-brain monosynaptic inputs to the orbitofrontal cortex
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“Lesions to the anterior cingulate cortex decrease accuracy while increasing omissions in the 5-CSRTT, whereas OFC lesions increase omissions without affecting accuracy (Koike et al., 2016; Mar et al., 2011).”
Self-citationDopaminergic modulation of reward discounting in healthy rats: a systematic review and meta-analysisPreprint
Castrellon, J. J., Meade, J., Greenwald, L., Hurst, K., & Samanez-Larkin, G. R. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.04.03.024364 · Cited by 4
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Jenni, N. L., Symonds, N. E., & Floresco, S. (2022) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-022-06265-8 · Cited by 3
“Critically, a more comprehensive understanding of how the OFC contributes to these functions must take into account that this area can be partitioned into at least two heterogeneous subregions that provide different—or even sometimes opposing—contributions to behavior (Carmichael and Price 1996; Hoover and Vertes 2011…”
BackgroundMalyshev, A. V., Pavshintsev, V. V., Mitkin, N. A., Sukhanova, I. A., Gedzun, V. R., Zlobin, A. S., Doronin, I. I., Babkin, G. A., & Sawyer, T. K. (2024) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1333258 · Cited by 3
The Role of the Orbitofrontal Cortex in the Regulation of Fear Coping Strategies
Kuan, H.-Y., & Chang, C. (2024) · Journal of physiological investigation. · doi:10.4103/ejpi.ejpi-d-24-00072 · Cited by 3
Yoshida, E., Kondo, M., Nakae, K., Ako, R., Terada, S.-I., Hatano, N., Liu, L., Kobayashi, K., Ishii, S., & Matsuzaki, M. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-58272-w · Cited by 3
Meda, S., Freund, N., Norman, K. J., Thompson, B. S., Sonntag, K., & Andersen, S. L. (2019) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02254 · Cited by 3
Białaszek, W., Swebodziński, B., & Ostaszewski, P. (2017) · Polish Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1515/ppb-2017-0052 · Cited by 3
“Mar et al. (2011) showed that lesions of different subregions of the orbitofrontal cortex manifest in dissociable effects in impulsive choice in rats.”
BackgroundHailwood, J. M., Gilmour, G., Robbins, T. W., Saksida, L. M., Bussey, T. J., Marston, H. M., & Gastambide, F. (2018) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.14150 · Cited by 3
Self-citationBradfield, L. A., & Hart, G. (2019) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/tk5gn · Cited by 3
McCane, A. M., Kronheim, L., & Moghaddam, B. (2025) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101552 · Cited by 2
“We focused on the OFC and DMS because these regions undergo pronounced development during adolescence and are reported to mediate response inhibition and impulsive choice (Chudasama et al., 2003; Rieger et al., 2003; Eagle et al., 2007; Mar et al., 2011; McCane et al., 2024).”
Cao, A., Hong, D., Che, C., Yu, X., Cai, Z., Yang, X., Zhang, D., & Yu, P. (2023) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1039288 · Cited by 2
Murphy, Z. D., Mulugeta, R., Tran, A., & Ferguson, S. M. (2023) · Addiction Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100122 · Cited by 2
“In model-based learning paradigms, which normally test goal directed behavior, OFC lesions disrupt the learning/integrating of new information [10].”
BackgroundMcCane, A. M., Kronheim, L., Pacheco, A. T., & Moghaddam, B. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-58648-w · Cited by 2
“In rodent models, OFC lesions are associated with increased impulsive choices 34 , impaired response inhibition 13,14 and impaired reversal learning 35,36 .”
BackgroundUsing Functional Neuroimaging to Refine the Diagnostic Construct of Borderline Personality Disorder
Silverman, M. H., Schulz, S. C., & Cullen, K. R. (2016) · Journal of Neuroimaging in Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.17756/jnpn.2016-005 · Cited by 1
“Damage to the OFC (See Figure 1) has been associated with socially inappropriate behavior, impulsivity, and emotional changes perhaps due to a bias toward immediate rewards [143, 144].”
BackgroundPanayi, M. C., & Killcross, S. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.09.29.510151 · Cited by 2
“Rodent ventral and lateral OFC are functionally dissociable from the medial OFC (Mar et al., 2011), and ventral OFC appears dissociable to lateral OFC (Balleine et al.”
BackgroundXu, Y., Sexton, H. G., Henderson, A. N., Harris, C. M., Huber, J. D., & Risher, M. (2025) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.70027 · Cited by 2
Impulsivity in NrCAM KO Mice Is Reduced by NMDAR Antagonist MK-801 but Not by AMPAR Antagonist CNQX
Buhusi, M. C., & Buhusi, C. V. (2026) · NeuroSci · doi:10.3390/neurosci7020029 · Cited by 1
“Neurotoxic lesions of the mOFC increase, whereas lOFC lesions decrease, preference for the LL reward relative to sham-controls—a pattern that remains significant after all delays are removed [74].”
Antipsychotic-related remodeling of regional brain activity in schizophrenia
Liang, J., Chen, W., & Zhang, C. (2026) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2026.105067 · Cited by 1
Mochrie, R. I. (2016) · doi:10.1007/978-1-137-09166-6_25 · Cited by 1
Maladaptive decision making and addiction
Yates, J. R. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90578-7.00006-2 · Cited by 1
Imprinted genes, impulsivity and risk-taking
Dent, C. L. (2014) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)
CONTRIBUTION OF NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS CORE TO IMPULSIVE CHOICE: ROLE OF DOPAMINE AND GLUTAMATE SYSTEMS
Yates, J. R. (2014) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky)
Oscillations in human orbitofrontal cortex during even chance gambling
Kahn, K., Kerr, M. S. D., Park, H.-J., Thompson, S., Bulacio, J. C., Gonzalez-Martinez, J. A., Sarma, S. V., & Gale, J. T. (2014) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6944719
“In addition, the medial portion is linked with reward outcomes while the lateral portion is linked with punishments [5,6].”
BackgroundThe role of the orbitofrontal cortex in delayed reinforcement choice in rats
Nagano, A., Okumura, S., Aoyama, K., & Uekita, T. (2015) · The Japanese journal of psychology · doi:10.4992/jjpsy.86.14340
Control of intertemporal choice by dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons
Xu, S. (2016) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
Kassem, M. S. (2017) · The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney)
Pimontel, M. A. (2017) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York)
NICOTINE ENHANCEMENT OF CONDITIONED RESPONDING: INVOLVEMENT OF THE ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX
Stringfield, S. J. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/y9k3-d572
Zhuang, Q., Xu, L., Zhou, F., Yao, S., Zheng, X., Zhou, X., Li, J., Xu, X., Fu, M., Li, K., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.12.09.418830
Kuniishi, H., Sekiguchi, M., & Yamada, M. (2021) · Folia Pharmacologica Japonica · doi:10.1254/fpj.20085
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van Wingerden, M., & Kalenscher, T. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7320-6_311-1
Bradshaw, C. M. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36172-2_7034
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Faculty Opinions recommendation of The neural basis of reversal learning: An updated perspective.
Hayden, B. Y. (2019) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.726221441.793565477
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mar, A. C., Walker, A. L. J., Theobald, D. E., Eagle, D. M., & Robbins, T. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Mar, Adam C.
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2011-04-27
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 6398-6404
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3183455
- OpenAlex
- W2035946861
- Cited by
- 206
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 9.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (089589/Z/09/Z, 089589, 093875)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- orbitofrontal cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, lateral orbitofrontal cortex, impulsive choice, delay discounting, decision-making, neurotoxic lesion, reversal learning, reward preference, rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Choice Behavior, Conditioning, Operant, Impulsive Behavior, Functional Laterality, Male, Reward, Time Factors, Prefrontal Cortex, Rats
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