The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dissociable Effects of Lesions to Orbitofrontal Cortex Subregions on Impulsive Choice in the Rat
Open accessAbstract
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in a variety of adaptive decision-making processes. Human studies suggest that there is a functional dissociation between medial and lateral OFC (mOFC and lOFC, respectively) subregions when performing certain choice procedures. However, little work has examined the functional consequences of manipulations of OFC subregions on decision making in rodents. In the present experiments, impulsive choice was assessed by evaluating intolerance to delayed, but economically optimal, reward options using a delay-discounting paradigm. Following initial delay-discounting training, rats received bilateral neurotoxic or sham lesions targeting whole OFC (wOFC) or restricted to either mOFC or lOFC subregions. A transient flattening of delay-discounting curves was observed in wOFC-lesioned animals relative to shams—differences that disappeared with further training. Stable, dissociable effects were found when lesions were restricted to OFC subregions; mOFC-lesioned rats showed increased, whereas lOFC-lesioned rats showed decreased, preference for the larger-delayed reward relative to sham-controls—a pattern that remained significant during retraining after all delays were removed. When locations of levers leading to small–immediate versus large–delayed rewards were reversed, wOFC- and lOFC-lesioned rats showed retarded, whereas mOFC-lesioned rats showed accelerated, trajectories for reversal of lever preference. These results provide the first direct evidence for dissociable functional roles of the mOFC and lOFC for impulsive choice in rodents. The findings are consistent with recent human functional imaging studies and suggest that functions of mOFC and lOFC subregions may be evolutionarily conserved and contribute differentially to decision-making processes.
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“NAc core lesions cause rats to make risk-averse choices (Cardinal and Howes, 2005) and prefer smaller rewards at shorter delays (Cardinal et al., 2001; Mar et al., 2011)”
From A framework for understanding the emerging role of corticolimbic-ventral striatal networks in OCD-associated repetitive behaviors (2015) · cites this paper as Mar et al., 2011
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Citations
Cites
The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
Paxinos, G., & Watson, C. (1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-63235-9 · Cited by 28,585 · cited 2×
“Coronal sections (60 m) were stained with cresyl violet and lesion locations were mapped onto standardized sections of the rat brain (Paxinos and Watson, 1998).”
Hosmer, D. W., & Lemeshow, S. (2000) · doi:10.1002/0471722146 · Cited by 20,302
Separate neural systems value immediate and delayed monetary rewards
McClure, S. M., Laibson, D. I., Loewenstein, G., & Cohen, J. D. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1100907 · Cited by 3,089 · cited 5×
“Preferential activation of mOFC is associated with choice of immediate primary or conditioned reinforcers relative to delayed ones (McClure et al., 2004, 2007) and correlates positively with individual differences in preference for smaller–immediate rewards on a delay-discounting task (Hariri et…”
BackgroundInfluentialAbstract reward and punishment representations in the human orbitofrontal cortex
O'Doherty, J., Kringelbach, M. L., Rolls, E. T., Hornak, J., & Andrews, C. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/82959 · Cited by 2,003
KRINGELBACH, M. (2004) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.03.006 · Cited by 1,977 · cited 2×
“In primates, medial OFC (mOFC) has been associated with responding to, monitoring, or adjusting the incentive value of stimuli, whereas lateral OFC (lOFC) has been implicated in punishment or suppression of previously rewarded responses following contingency change (Iversen and Mishkin, 1970; Elliott et al., 2000; O’D…”
BackgroundInfluentialBechara, A., Tranel, D., & Damásio, H. (2000) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/123.11.2189 · Cited by 1,903 · cited 1×
“OFC damage in humans leads to increased impulsivity, which may result from bias toward immediate rewards (Bechara et al., 2000; Berlin et al., 2004).”
BackgroundLimbic connections of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in macaque monkeys
Carmichael, S. T., & Price, J. L. (1995) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903630408 · Cited by 1,197 · cited 4×
“…nonhuman primates shows that caudal lOFC has dense interconnections with NAc core, ventral tegmental area (VTA), and BLA, whereas mOFC has dense reciprocal connections with the hippocampus and only weak connectivity with NAc core, VTA, and BLA (Morecraft et al., 1992; Carmichael and Price, 1995).”
BackgroundInfluentialTime Discounting for Primary Rewards
McClure, S. M., Ericson, K. M., Laibson, D. I., Loewenstein, G., & Cohen, J. D. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4246-06.2007 · Cited by 971 · cited 3×
“…and/or responses that lead to immediate feedback of reward (Elliott et al., 2000; O’Doherty et al., 2001) and bias stimulus-driven, behavioral responses toward immediate goals (McClure et al., 2004, 2007). mOFC damage could disrupt such bias, shifting responding toward larger– delayed options.”
BackgroundOrbitofrontal Cortex and Its Contribution to Decision-Making
Wallis, J. D. (2007) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094334 · Cited by 945 · cited 1×
“The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been strongly implicated in reinforcement-guided decision making (Murray et al., 2007; Wallis, 2007; Doya, 2008).”
BackgroundThe Neurobiology of Decision: Consensus and Controversy
Kable, J. W., & Glimcher, P. W. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.003 · Cited by 928 · cited 1×
“Other researchers have hypothesized that mOFC may be better conceived as an integration site for subjective goal value signals (Kable and Glimcher, 2009), facilitating comparison of choice-options varying in parameters such as delay, magnitude, and probability.”
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Items 201–206 of 206
Animal Models in the Study of Impulsivity
Saland, S. K., Jennings, S. D., Kabbaj, M., & Patrick, C. J. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-77967-1_9
Yates, J. R. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-15602-0_7
Cerqueira-Nunes, M., Monteiro, C., Galhardo, V., & Cardoso-Cruz, H. (2026) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10512955/v1
Anterior cingulate cortex : contributions to social cognition
Apps, M. A. J. (2012) · Royal Holloway Digital Repository (Royal Holloway University of London)
Metadata
- Authors
- Mar, A. C., Walker, A. L. J., Theobald, D. E., Eagle, D. M., & Robbins, T. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Mar, Adam C.
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2011-04-27
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 6398-6404
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3183455
- OpenAlex
- W2035946861
- Cited by
- 206
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 9.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (089589/Z/09/Z, 089589, 093875)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- orbitofrontal cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, lateral orbitofrontal cortex, impulsive choice, delay discounting, decision-making, neurotoxic lesion, reversal learning, reward preference, rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Choice Behavior, Conditioning, Operant, Impulsive Behavior, Functional Laterality, Male, Reward, Time Factors, Prefrontal Cortex, Rats
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