The Neurobiology of Decision: Consensus and Controversy
Open accessAbstract
We review and synthesize recent neurophysiological studies of decision making in humans and nonhuman primates. From these studies, the basic outline of the neurobiological mechanism for primate choice is beginning to emerge. The identified mechanism is now known to include a multicomponent valuation stage, implemented in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and associated parts of striatum, and a choice stage, implemented in lateral prefrontal and parietal areas. Neurobiological studies of decision making are beginning to enhance our understanding of economic and social behavior as well as our understanding of significant health disorders where people's behavior plays a key role.
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DA systems affect not only reward processing, but also punishment, decision-making, cognition, reward prediction, and reward valuation.
“Furthermore, it is clear that these DA systems affect not only reward processing, but a number of related functions, including punishment [24], decision-making [25,26], cognition [27], reward prediction [28,29], and reward valuation [30-32].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [30]
The Cake Gambling task is not expected to substantially modulate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is involved in planning and self-control.
“For example, this task is not expected to modulate substantially the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is involved in planning and self-control (Bunge et al., 2002; Hare et al., 2010; Kable and Glimcher, 2009).”
From A systematic review of fMRI reward paradigms used in studies of adolescents vs. adults: The impact of task design and implications for understanding neurodevelopment (2013) · cites this paper as Kable and Glimcher, 2009
The lateral prefrontal cortex is a key neural substrate underlying value integration and planning, and its activation would be expected to play a different role in decision-making versus instrumental-reward tasks.
“A key neural substrate underlying value integration and planning is the lateral prefrontal cortex (Kable and Glimcher, 2009), and activation of this region would be expected to play a different role in tasks of decision-making vs. instrumental-reward tasks.”
From A systematic review of fMRI reward paradigms used in studies of adolescents vs. adults: The impact of task design and implications for understanding neurodevelopment (2013) · cites this paper as Kable and Glimcher, 2009
Eye movements use value-based decision mechanisms.
“These observations, together with the fact that eye movements are well investigated at the single neuron level in experimental animals and use value-based decision mechanisms”
From Information-seeking, curiosity, and attention: computational and neural mechanisms (2013) · cites this paper as Kable and Glimcher 2009
The signal of target selection is not stereotyped but increases as a function of the relative desirability of alternative options.
“A consistent outcome revealed by these studies (which have been typically carried out in the lateral intraparietal area) is that the signal of target selection is not stereotyped but increases as a function of the relative desirability of the alternative options (Kable and Glimcher, 2009; Sugrue et al., 2005).”
From Attention, learning, and the value of information (2012) · cites this paper as Kable and Glimcher, 2009
An integrated account of learning and decision formation holds that value representations are maintained in cortical and sensorimotor structures and are dynamically updated based on feedback from dopaminergic cells.
“They suggest an integrated account of learning and decision formation, whereby value representations are maintained in cortical and sensorimotor structures and are dynamically updated based on feedback from dopaminergic cells (Kable and Glimcher, 2009; Sugrue et al., 2005).”
From Attention, learning, and the value of information (2012) · cites this paper as Kable and Glimcher, 2009
Neural correlates of reward valuation have been observed in different studies.
“Neural correlates of reward valuation have been observed in different studies1-3”
From A reservoir of time constants for memory traces in cortical neurons (2011) · cites this paper as [1]
Prefrontal cortex plays a major role in dynamic decision processes encoding and updating values.
“Prefrontal cortex plays a major role in dynamic decision processes encoding and updating values1-4.”
From A reservoir of time constants for memory traces in cortical neurons (2011) · cites this paper as [1]
The COMT Val158Met finding is consistent with evidence that the dopamine-modulated prefrontal cortex plays a key role in choice impulsivity.
“This finding is consistent with evidence showing that the dopamine-modulated prefrontal cortex plays a key role in choice impulsivity”
From DAT1 and COMT effects on delay discounting and trait impulsivity in male adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and healthy controls (2010) · cites this paper as Kable et al, 2009
Delay discounting is linked to dopamine and the function of dopamine-modulated fronto-striatal circuits.
“Different lines of evidence have linked delay discounting to dopamine and the function of dopamine-modulated fronto-striatal circuits”
From DAT1 and COMT effects on delay discounting and trait impulsivity in male adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and healthy controls (2010) · cites this paper as Kable and Glimcher, 2009
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“We therefore tested whether any memory trace of choice exists in the recorded neurons by applying the same analysis of equations (1) and (2) and substituting reward with choice.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMedial and orbital frontal cortex in decision-making and flexible behavior
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“One line of research describes target selection in motor decision terms, as the integration of evidence toward, and eventual commitment to a shift of gaze (Gold and Shadlen, 2007; Kable and Glimcher, 2009).”
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- Authors
- Kable, J. W., & Glimcher, P. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- New York University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kable, Joseph W.
- Glimcher, Paul W.
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 733-745
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2765926
- OpenAlex
- W2009309616
- Cited by
- 928
- References
- 133
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 112 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 65 · 2015: 81 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 67 · 2012: 72
- FWCI
- 4.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ns054775-05)
- National Eye Institute (R01EY010536)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01-NS-054775)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- decision-making, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, striatum, lateral prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, valuation, economic behavior, social behavior, health disorders
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Brain Mapping, Computer Simulation, Decision Making, Humans, Learning, Models, Neurological, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Neurobiology, Neurons, Neuropsychological Tests, Consensus
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