Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 310

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 98 of the 98 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Establishing the Fact of Whiteness

Hartigan, John·1997·American Anthropologist

Abstract

Surveying public discourses on race, one suspects that anthropologists and academics are struggling to keep pace with the innovations and obsessions this subject generates in popular culture. But academic discussions of whiteness and the way it operates may provide a means of altering the terms of racial debates. As an analytical object, whiteness is being established as a powerful means of critiquing the reproduction and maintenance of systems of racial inequality. Studies of whiteness are demonstrating that whites benefit from a host of social arrangements and institutional operations that seem, to whites, to have no racial basis.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1525/aa.1997.99.3.495

Cites

98 of 98 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 98 references

Cited by

See all 310

Metadata

Authors
Hartigan, J.
Venue
American Anthropologist
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1997-09
Volume
99
Issue
3
Pages
495-505
ISSN
  • 0002-7294 (ISSN-L)
  • 1548-1433
OpenAlex
W2122337071
Cited by
310
References
98
FWCI
39.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Establishing the Fact of Whiteness. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1525/aa.1997.99.3.495
The paper
Hartigan, J. (1997). Establishing the Fact of Whiteness. American Anthropologist. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1997.99.3.495

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.