The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Color Appearance and the Emergence and Evolution of Basic Color Lexicons
Open accessAbstract
Various revisions of the Berlin and Kay (1969) model of the evolution of basic color term systems have been produced in the last thirty years, motivated by both empirical and theoretical considerations. On the empirical side, new facts about color naming systems have continually come to light, which have demanded adjustments in lhe descriptive model. On the theoretical side, lhere has been a sustained effort to find motivation in the vision science literature regarding color appearance for the synchronic and diachronic constraints observed to govern color terminology systems. The present paper continues the pursuit of both of these goals. A new empirical question is addressed with data from the World Color Survey (WCS), and a revised model is proposed, which both responds to recently raised empirical questions and provides new motivation from the field of color vision for the observed constraints on color naming, [color, evolution, language, perception, semantics, universals]
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Regularity and Idiomaticity in Grammatical Constructions: The Case of Let Alone
Fillmore, C. J., Kay, P., & O'Connor, M. C. (1988) · Language · doi:10.2307/414531 · Cited by 2,915
Self-citationBasic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution
Collier, G. A., Berlin, B., & Kay, P. (1973) · Language · doi:10.2307/412128 · Cited by 2,816
Self-citationRethinking Linguistic Relativity
Roberts, C. (1997) · International Journal of Bilingualism · doi:10.1177/136700699700100208 · Cited by 2,747
Miller, G. A., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1976) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674421288 · Cited by 2,629
Chromatic mechanisms in lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque.
Derrington, A. M., Krauskopf, J., & Lennie, P. (1984) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015499 · Cited by 1,608
Semantics: Primes and Universals
Peeters, B., & Wierzbicka, A. (1998) · Language · doi:10.2307/417582 · Cited by 1,355
Semantics: Primes and Universals
Wierzbicka, A. (1996) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198700029.001.0001 · Cited by 1,240
Berlin, B. (1992) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781400862597 · Cited by 1,149
The Linguistic Significance of the Meanings of Basic Color Terms
Kay, P., & McDaniel, C. K. (1978) · Language · doi:10.1353/lan.1978.0035 · Cited by 923
Self-citationUniversals in color naming and memory.
Heider, E. R. (1972) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0032606 · Cited by 815
Cited by
How Efficiency Shapes Human Language
Gibson, E., Futrell, R., Piantadosi, S. P., Dautriche, I., Mahowald, K., Bergen, L., & Levy, R. (2019) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2019.02.003 · Cited by 485
Coordinating perceptually grounded categories through language: A case study for colour
steels, L., & belpaeme, T. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x05000087 · Cited by 440
Language, thought, and color: Whorf was half right
Regier, T., & Kay, P. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.07.001 · Cited by 406
Self-citationWatts, I., Chazan, M., & Wilkins, J. (2016) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/686484 · Cited by 157
Communicating artificial neural networks develop efficient color-naming systems
Chaabouni, R., Kharitonov, E., Dupoux, E., & Baroni, M. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2016569118 · Cited by 39
Metadata
- Authors
- Kay, P., & Maffi, L.
- Venue
- American Anthropologist
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1999-12
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 743-760
- ISSN
- 0002-7294 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-1433
- OpenAlex
- W1982560795
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 57
- FWCI
- 7.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Color Appearance and the Emergence and Evolution of Basic Color Lexicons. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1525/aa.1999.101.4.743
- The paper
- Kay, P., & Maffi, L. (1999). Color Appearance and the Emergence and Evolution of Basic Color Lexicons. American Anthropologist. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1999.101.4.743
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
