Cited by 102Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesIndigenous Health, Education, and RightsChild Abuse and Trauma

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Childhood Exposure to Adversity and Risk of Substance-Use Disorder in Two American Indian Populations: The Meditational Role of Early Substance-Use Initiation

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Whitesell, Nancy Rumbaugh, Beals, Janette, Mitchell, Christina M., Manson, Spero M., Turner, R. Jay, AI-SUPERPFP Team·2009·Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

DOI 10.15288/jsad.2009.70.971PMC PMC2776127

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: We examined the relationship of childhood exposure to adversity and risk of substance-use disorder in two culturally distinct American Indian reservation communities, exploring both the role of early initiation of substance use in mediating this relationship and variation in risk across types of adversity exposure. METHOD: The American Indian Service Utilization, Psychiatric Epidemiology, Risk and Protective Factors Project provided data from 2,927 American Indians on the occurrence and age at onset of adversities, substance use, and substance-use-disorder symptoms. RESULTS: The risk of substance-use disorder associated with early adversity was explained partially by early initiation of substance use. Three types of adversity (major childhood events, traumas, and witnessed violence) were associated with early onset of substance use and increased risk of substance-use disorder. Gender and tribe were also related to variation in both early substance use and substance-use disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Early exposure to adverse events was associated with early substance use and the subsequent development of substance-use disorders among American Indians. public health initiatives targeting substance use and substance-use disorders in American Indian communities should include efforts to help children in these communities cope with adversities they encounter.

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Authors: Whitesell, N. R., Beals, J., Mitchell, C. M., Manson, S. M., Turner, R. J., & AI-SUPERPFP Team
Affiliations: Colorado School of Public Health (US)
Florida State University (US)
ORCID: Whitesell, Nancy Rumbaugh
Manson, Spero M.
Turner, R. Jay
Venue: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
Publisher: Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.
Published: 2009-11
Volume: 70
Issue: 6
Pages: 971-981
ISSN: 1937-1888 (ISSN-L)
1938-4114
DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2009.70.971
PMC: PMC2776127
OpenAlex: W2037405610
Cited by: 102
References: 60
Citations by year: 2026: 26 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 1.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (P01MH042473, R01MH048174)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA014817, R01DA017803)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Social Sciences › Health › Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Keywords: childhood adversity, substance use disorders, Native Americans, reservation communities, childhood trauma, witnessing violence, mediation, gender differences, tribal differences, risk and protective factors
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Child, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Indians, North American, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, United States, Age of Onset, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult

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Childhood Exposure to Adversity and Risk of Substance-Use Disorder in Two American Indian Populations: The Meditational Role of Early Substance-Use Initiation

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