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Use of d-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide in the Treatment of Alcoholism
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In the citing paper
“early studies with LSD and contemporary studies with psilocybin suggest that patients with AUD may tend to display more tolerance to serotonergic psychedelics”
In the citing paper
“whereas high doses of 30–40 mg/70 kg are well tolerated in this population [15, 54, 78].”
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Nichols, D. E. (2016) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.115.011478 · Cited by 1,762
“Indeed, there were a number of publications suggesting that psychedelics could be useful in treating substance abuse (Chwelos et al., 1959; Smart et al., 1966; Hollister et al., 1969; Savage and McCabe, 1973).”
BackgroundHuman hallucinogen research: guidelines for safety
Johnson, M., Richards, W., & Griffiths, R. (2008) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881108093587 · Cited by 1,203
“Subsequent research, which included more preparation and interpersonal support during the period of drug action, found fewer adverse psychological reactions, such as panic reactions and paranoid episodes, and increased reports of positively-valued experiences (Chwelos et al., 1959; Leary, 1964; Leary et al., 1963, 196…”
BackgroundPsilocybin-assisted treatment for alcohol dependence: A proof-of-concept study
Bogenschutz, M. P., Forcehimes, A. A., Pommy, J. A., Wilcox, C. E., Barbosa, P., & Strassman, R. J. (2015) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881114565144 · Cited by 1,151
“This is consistent with observations beginning in the 1950s that alcoholics tended to require larger doses of LSD to have a strong effect (Chwelos et al., 1959).”
Pilot study of the 5-HT 2A R agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction
Johnson, M. W., Garcia-Romeu, A., Cosimano, M. P., & Griffiths, R. R. (2014) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881114548296 · Cited by 914
“…regarding tobacco addiction, combined with previous studies showing efficacy of 5-HT2AR agonists for treatment of alcoholism and opioid dependence (Chwelos et al., 1959; Hollister et al., 1969; Krebs and Johansen, 2012; Savage and McCabe, 1973), suggest higher-order psychological and/or…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialGriffiths, R., Richards, W., Johnson, M., McCann, U., & Jesse, R. (2008) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881108094300 · Cited by 905
“Consistent with this, observations in early studies with classical hallucinogens that examined treatment of drug and alcohol dependence (Chwelos et al., 1959; Kurland et al., 1971; Savage and McCabe, 1973) and psychological distress associated with advanced cancer (Pahnke et al.”
Johnson, M. W., Hendricks, P. S., Barrett, F. S., & Griffiths, R. R. (2019) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.11.010 · Cited by 506
Psilocybin-Occasioned mystical experiences in the treatment of tobacco addiction.
Garcia-Romeu, A., Griffiths, R., & Johnson, M. (2015) · Current Drug Abuse Reviews · doi:10.2174/1874473708666150107121331 · Cited by 476
“Some of the pioneering clinical work in this field was conducted in Saskatchewan, Canada by Humphry Osmond and Abram Hoffer, who treated more than 700 individuals suffering from alcoholism using a combination of LSD and psychotherapy [1, 7-9].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHartogsohn, I. (2016) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881116677852 · Cited by 483
“They also involved a therapeutic approach that was accepting and non-intrusive (Chwelos et al., 1959; Eisner and Cohen, 1958).”
BackgroundConstructing drug effects: a history of set and setting
Hartogsohn, I. (2017) · Drug Science Policy and Law · doi:10.1177/2050324516683325 · Cited by 472
“A year later, a paper by researchers from Osmond’s Saskatchewan team would reprise and expound on the theme, providing a second scholarly account on the use of extra-drug parameters to control psychedelic drug experiences (Chwelos et al., 1959).”
BackgroundPsychedelics as Medicines: An Emerging New Paradigm
Nichols, D. E., Johnson, M., & Nichols, C. (2016) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.557 · Cited by 397
“In the 1950s researchers in Saskatchewan, Canada, led by Humphry Osmond and Abram Hoffer were the first to study addiction treatment with psychedelics, specifically using LSD and mescaline to treat alcoholism.(15) Guided by the observation that alcoholics tended to achieve sobriety after experiencing delirium tremens…”
BackgroundLSD‐induced entropic brain activity predicts subsequent personality change
Lebedev, A. V., Kaelen, M., Lövdén, M., Nilsson, J., Feilding, A., Nutt, D. J., & Carhart‐Harris, R. L. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23234 · Cited by 303
Potential Therapeutic Effects of Psilocybin
Johnson, M. W., & Griffiths, R. R. (2017) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-017-0542-y · Cited by 328
“Research examining the potential of classic psychedelics to treat addiction occurred as early as the 1950s [22].”
BackgroundCessation and reduction in alcohol consumption and misuse after psychedelic use
Garcia-Romeu, A., Davis, A. K., Erowid, F., Erowid, E., Griffiths, R. R., & Johnson, M. W. (2019) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881119845793 · Cited by 225
“…studied for their potential to help reduce problematic alcohol use in the 1950s through 1970s (Abuzzahab and Anderson, 1971; Bowen et al., 1970; Chwelos et al., 1959; Dyck, 2006; Hollister et al., 1969; Krebs and Johansen, 2012; Kurland et al., 1967; Ludwig et al., 1969; Mangini, 1998; Osmond…”
BackgroundThe Effectiveness of Alcoholism Treatment
Miller, W. R., & Hester, R. K. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2191-0_7 · Cited by 276
Implications of LSD and experimental mysticism
Pahnke, W. N., & Richards, W. A. (1966) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/bf01532646 · Cited by 254
“Some of the researchers have claimed that "the root of the therapeutic effectiveness of the LSD experience is its potential for producing self-acceptance" (Chwelos et al., 1959, p. 589).”
BackgroundClinical applications of hallucinogens: a review
Garcia-Romeu, A., Kersgaard, B., & Addy, P. H. (2016) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000084 · Cited by 201
“T hi s ar tic le is in te nd ed so le ly fo r th e pe rs on al us e of th e in di vi du al us er an d is no t to be di ss em in at ed br oa dl y. ally supportive environs, which have generally been associated with more beneficial outcomes (Chwelos et al., 1959; Griffiths et al., 2006; Pahnke, 1969).”
BackgroundGarcia‐Romeu, A., & Richards, W. A. (2018) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2018.1486289 · Cited by 210
Psychedelic medicine: a re-emerging therapeutic paradigm
Tupper, K. W., Wood, E., Yensen, R., & Johnson, M. W. (2015) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.141124 · Cited by 187
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The History of Psychedelics in Psychiatry
Nichols, D. E., & Walter, H. (2020) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/a-1310-3990 · Cited by 134
“[31] followed up on the earlier studies by Smith [24, 32] and added 16 new patients who were also afflicted by alcohol use.”
BackgroundTraditional Medicine in the Treatment of Drug Addiction
Lu, L., Liu, Y.-L., Zhu, W.-L., Shi, J., Liu, Y., Ling, W., & Kosten, T. (2009) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990802455469 · Cited by 116
Psychedelic-Assisted Group Therapy: A Systematic Review
Trope, A., Anderson, B. T., Hooker, A. R., Glick, G., Stauffer, C. S., & Woolley, J. D. (2019) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2019.1593559 · Cited by 113
“Of the 40 participants treated, as well as seven additional participants reported in Blewett and Chwelos (1959), 19 were deemed “much improved” (i.e., abstinence), 11 “moderately improved” (substantial reduction in drinking habits), and 17 “unchanged.””
BackgroundResultTreatment of alcoholism using psychedelic drugs: a review of the program of research.
Mangini, M. (1998) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.1998.10399714 · Cited by 114
Acute Adverse Effects of Therapeutic Doses of Psilocybin
Yerubandi, A., Thomas, J. E., Bhuiya, N. M. M. A., Harrington, C. A., Zapata, L. V., & Caballero, J. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.5960 · Cited by 111
‘Hitting Highs at Rock Bottom’: LSD Treatment for Alcoholism, 1950–1970
Dyck, E. (2006) · Social History of Medicine · doi:10.1093/shm/hkl039 · Cited by 91
Therapeutic Applications of Classic Hallucinogens
Bogenschutz, M. P., & Ross, S. (2016) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2016_464 · Cited by 92
Psychedelics and psychotherapy
Nayak, S., & Johnson, M. W. (2021) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/a-1312-7297 · Cited by 71
“The psychedelic framework is the basis of all modern trials and is the focus of this paper [77].”
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LSD in the Treatment of Alcoholism
Johnson, F. (1969) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.126.4.481 · Cited by 59
Mendes, F. R., Costa, C. D. S., Wiltenburg, V. D., Morales-Lima, G., Fernandes, J. A. B., & Filev, R. (2022) · Addiction Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100025 · Cited by 67
MALVARIA: A NEW PSYCHIATRIC DISEASE
Hoffer, A., & Osmond, H. (1963) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1963.tb07470.x · Cited by 56
Self-citationPsychedelics as Transformative Therapeutics
Roth, B. L., & Gumpper, R. H. (2023) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20230172 · Cited by 57
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in Psychiatry
Schenk, S., & Newcombe, D. A. L. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0000000000000962 · Cited by 53
Barrett, F. S., Preller, K. H., Herdener, M., Janata, P., & Vollenweider, F. X. (2017) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhx257 · Cited by 55
“Music has played a key role in the conduct of psychedelic therapy and research for many decades, with the expectation that supportive music may facilitate a meaningful experience (Chwelos et al. 1959; Bonny and Pahnke 1972).”
BackgroundPreclinical and clinical pharmacology of alcohol dependence
Tambour, S., & Quertemont, É. (2006) · Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-8206.2006.00459.x · Cited by 53
Seeing without self: Discovering new meaning with psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy
Fischman, L. G. (2019) · Neuropsychoanalysis · doi:10.1080/15294145.2019.1689528 · Cited by 52
“All of the major psychedelic research centers today use a set of “flight instructions” or guidelines based on those developed by Blewett and Chwelos (1959), and the psychedelic evangelist, Al Hubbard, in western Canada in the late 1950s and 60s (Pollan, 2018), and instituted in the 1970s at Spring…”
BackgroundImplications Of LSD and Experimental Mysticism
Pahnke, W. N., & Richards, W. A. (1970) · Journal of Psychedelic Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.1970.10471366 · Cited by 43
Hartogsohn, I. (2022) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13634615221100385 · Cited by 52
“Participants were encouraged to view their experiences as meaningful and interpret them in a positive light (Abramson, 1967; Chwelos et al., 1959; Eisner & Cohen, 1958; Grof, 1970).”
BackgroundCLINICAL EVALUATION OF SOME HALLUCINOGENIC TRYPTAMINE DERIVATIVES
Faillace, L. A., Vourlekis, A., & Szara, S. I. (1967) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-196710000-00005 · Cited by 41
Koslowski, M., Johnson, M. W., Gründer, G., & Betzler, F. (2021) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-021-00401-8 · Cited by 42
Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy for Substance Use Disorders and Potential Mechanisms of Action
Rieser, N. M., Herdener, M., & Preller, K. H. (2021) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2021_284 · Cited by 37
Can MDMA Play a Role in the Treatment of Substance Abuse?
Jerome, L., Schuster, S., & Yazar‐Klosinski, B. (2013) · Current Drug Abuse Reviews · doi:10.2174/18744737112059990005 · Cited by 39
The History of Psychedelics in Medicine
Sessa, B. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-55214-4_96-1 · Cited by 44
“Combined with supportive psychotherapy they describe abstinence rates of up to ninety-percent, far surpassing other treatments for the condition before or since (Chwelos et al. 1959).”
BackgroundBlum, K., Futterman, S., & Pascarosa, P. (1977) · Clinical Toxicology · doi:10.3109/15563657708988210 · Cited by 35
Psychedelic‐assisted treatment for substance use disorder: A narrative systematic review
Piper, T., Small, F., Brown, S., Kelleher, M., Mitcheson, L., Rucker, J., Young, A. H., & Marsden, J. (2025) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.16762 · Cited by 35
Classic Psychedelics in Addiction Treatment: The Case for Psilocybin in Tobacco Smoking Cessation
Johnson, M. W. (2022) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2022_327 · Cited by 37
A ayahuasca e o tratamento da dependência
Mercante, M. S. (2013) · Mana · doi:10.1590/s0104-93132013000300005 · Cited by 30
THE PSYCHOTOMIMETIC DRUGS. AN OVERVIEW.
Cole, J. O., & Katz, M. M. (1964) · PubMed · Cited by 31
Kirlić, N., Lennard-Jones, M., Atli, M., Malievskaia, E., Modlin, N. L., Peck, S. K., Gaillard, A., Goodwin, G. M., & Koelpin, D. (2025) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20230884 · Cited by 35
A new behavior change program using psilocybin.
Leary, T., Metzner, R., Madison, P., Weil, G. M., Ralph, S., & Sara, K. (1965) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/h0088612 · Cited by 29
Cox, D. J., Garcia‐Romeu, A., & Johnson, M. W. (2021) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2021.1910830 · Cited by 27
“score for a single combination of neighbors (1–30) and random states (1-1000).”
BackgroundA rapid narrative review of the clinical evolution of psychedelic treatment in clinical trials
Kishon, R., Modlin, N. L., Cycowicz, Y. M., Mourtada, H., Wilson, T., Williamson, V., Cleare, A. J., & Rucker, J. (2024) · npj Mental Health Research · doi:10.1038/s44184-024-00068-9 · Cited by 29
Psychedelic Drug (DPT)-Assisted Psychotherapy with Alcoholics: A Controlled Study
Rhead, J., Soskin, R. A., Turek, I., Richards, W. A., Yensen, R., Kurland, A. A., & Ota, K. Y. (1977) · Journal of Psychedelic Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.1977.10472060 · Cited by 26
Psychiatric Research with Hallucinogens: What have we learned?
Grob, C. S. (2010) · Cited by 25
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“Researchers using this model reported astounding success rates, particularly for treating alcohol dependency (Chwelos et al., 1959; Jensen and Ramsay, 1963).”
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“This burgeoning interest is underpinned by early investigations into the therapeutic effects of lysergic acid diethy-malide (LSD), a structurally similar compound, hinted at the potential of psychedelics in AUD treatment (Chwelos et al., 1959).”
The hypnodelic treatment technique
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Hallucinogenic drugs in the treatment of alcoholism: A two-year follow-up
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Some Compounds With Hallucinogenic Activity
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“Last, early studies with LSD and contemporary studies with psilocybin suggest that patients with AUD may tend to display more tolerance to serotonergic psychedelics, whereas high doses of 30–40 mg/70 kg are well tolerated in this population [15, 54, 78].”
ResultHuman behavioral pharmacology of psychedelics
Strickland, J. C., & Johnson, M. W. (2022) · Advances in pharmacology · doi:10.1016/bs.apha.2021.10.003 · Cited by 16
On Redescribing the Indescribable: Trauma, Psychoanalysis and Psychedelic Therapy
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BackgroundOloliuqui: The Ancient Aztec Narcotic
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BackgroundLand of the Living Sky with Diamonds: A Place for Radical Psychiatry?
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chwelos, N., Blewett, D. B., Smith, C. M., & Hoffer, A.
- Affiliations
- Saskatchewan Health (CA)
- Deputy Director, Psychiatric Research, Department of Public Health, University Hospital, Saskatoon, Sask.
- Royal University Hospital (CA)
- ORCID
- Hoffer, A.
- Venue
- Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol
- Publisher
- Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.
- Published
- 1959-09-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 577-590
- ISSN
- 0033-5649 (ISSN-L)
- 1946-7214
- OpenAlex
- W2297304494
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Keywords
- lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD, alcoholism treatment, psychedelic therapy, alcoholism
- MeSH terms
- Alcoholism, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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